Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion...Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.展开更多
The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are imm...The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.展开更多
Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for p...Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.展开更多
Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being s...Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.展开更多
The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and ...The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.展开更多
Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that se...Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.展开更多
Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic...Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to th...BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.展开更多
The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The mai...The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.展开更多
The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of famil...The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an Asian population.This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinic-based cohort of patients from the Chinese mainland.Enrollment of 302 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families from 28 provinces was undertaken from January 2008 to September 2023.A group-based trajectory model for disease progression based on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)scores was validated using bootstrap internal validation in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(matched at a 1:4 ratio,with replacement).DNA samples from 244 index patients were screened for variants in the pathogenic genes SOD1,FUS,TDP43,and C9ORF72,of which 146 were also subjected to genome-wide next-generation sequencing.Gene-level burden analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of rare variants in the cohort.We found that rapid dynamic disease progression was associated with an older age at onset,shorter diagnostic delay,lower body mass index,bulbar onset,and≥1 affected first-degree relative.Certain attributes,such as age at onset and time from onset to diagnosis,had comparable impacts on the clinical progression trajectories of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Harboring pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causative genes reduced the age of onset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Among the patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,17.8%possessed≥2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants.Sequencing kernel association test analysis showed that the SOD1 rare variant burden(P=1.3e-15)was associated with a significant risk of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Our findings conclusively confirmed the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinical cohort from China,contributing to a deeper understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This comprehensive evaluation of specific clinical characteristics,clinical prognosis,and genetic variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on detailed clinical and genetic information may lead to the development of genotype-specific treatment approaches.展开更多
Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitionin...Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitioning the genome into nonoverlapping blocks to model heterogeneous genetic(co)variance in multitrait models can achieve higher joint prediction accuracy.However,the block partitioning method,a key factor influencing model performance,has not been extensively explored.Results We introduce mbBayesABLD,a novel Bayesian MBGP model that partitions each chromosome into nonoverlapping blocks on the basis of linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns.In this model,marker effects within each block are assumed to follow normal distributions with block-specific parameters.We employ simulated data as well as empirical datasets from pigs and beans to assess genomic prediction accuracy across different models using cross-validation.The results demonstrate that mbBayesABLD significantly outperforms conventional MBGP models,such as GBLUP and BayesR.For the meat marbling score trait in pigs,compared with GBLUP,which does not account for heterogeneous genetic(co)variance,mbBayesABLD improves the prediction accuracy for the small-population breed Landrace by 15.6%.Furthermore,our findings indicate that a moderate level of similarity in LD patterns between breeds(with an average correlation of 0.6)is sufficient to improve the prediction accuracy of the target breed.Conclusions This study presents a novel LD block-based approach for multibreed genomic prediction.Our work provides a practical tool for livestock breeding programs and offers new insights into leveraging genetic diversity across breeds for improved genomic prediction.展开更多
Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs a...Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a c...With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.展开更多
Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction ...Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.展开更多
Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity le...Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.展开更多
Gerbera,a popular commercial cut flower with vibrant and striking colors has gained immense popularity in the floriculture industry.They are widely cultivated in various regions,making them available throughout the ye...Gerbera,a popular commercial cut flower with vibrant and striking colors has gained immense popularity in the floriculture industry.They are widely cultivated in various regions,making them available throughout the year.As a better alternative to conventional propagation methods(via seeds and rhizomes),plant tissue culture serves as way to avail large-scale,uniform,disease-free plantlets for commercial cultivation as well as to develop novel genotypes.In addition,it ensures production of healthy plantlets throughout the year in limited space.Based on the plant tissue culture techniques,the in vitro polyploidization,mutagenesis,and genetic transformation pave a path for creation of variation and eventually enhancing the ornamental traits to address the consumers’preferences and also facilitates in developing stress tolerant lines thereby minimizing the losses during cultivation,maintaining the quality of the flowers.This comprehensive review article presents an overview of the recent advancements on genetic improvement of gerbera via various cutting-edge plant tissue culture-based tools and techniques that contribute in enhancing the quality and efficiency of gerbera cultivation,meeting the demands of the floriculture industry while addressing the challenges of changing environment and resource limitations.展开更多
Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and...Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
文摘Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.
文摘The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.
基金supported by Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area(2023XAGG0069)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703100)+2 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(824B2011 to Z.W.)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-PUMCH-E-012).
文摘Hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The advent of next-generation sequencing(NGS)has made genetic testing more accessible,which is crucial for precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.The aim of this study is to explore the landscape of genetic variants,the relationship between specific variants and clinical phenotypes,and the impact on clinical decision-making in China.A total of 1536 probands(median age,37 years;1025 males[66.7%])with suspected hereditary cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia(covering 15 clinical phenotypes)are recruited from 146 hospitals across 30 provinces and cities in China.Positive results are confirmed in 390 of 1536 probands,leading to a diagnostic yield of 25.4%.Forty-two and three-tenths percent(n=169)of family members carry the same variants as positive probands.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)are the predominant phenotypes,with MYBPC3 variants having the highest frequency in HCM and TTN variants in DCM.In 76.9%of the positive probands,the identified variants are helpful in clinical management,family screening,and fertility.This large-scale study provides significant insights into the genetic landscape of hereditary cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (YQ2022C040)。
文摘Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160727)the Major Science and Technique Programs in Yunnan Province(202304BT090021-ML05)Yunnan Agricultural University research start-up Fund(KY2022-02).
文摘The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2024LZGC035)the Start-up Foundation for High Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University,China (665/1120012)。
文摘Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000600)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272084,32372089,and 31971887).
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFD2401305,2022YFD2401303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42166005,42076097)。
文摘Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.
基金Supported by the Research Grants of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office,No.K125377,No.K134863 and No.K143549New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities,No.UNKP-20-5-SZTE-161,No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-233,No.UNKP-23-5-SZTE-719,No.UNKP-22-4-SZTE-296 and No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-278+1 种基金Janos Bolyai Research Grant,No.BO/00723/22the Géza Hetényi Research Grant by Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School,University of Szeged.
文摘BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172979)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J05159)the 2023 Special Program for Promoting High-Quality Development of Marine and Fishery Industry in Fujian Province(No.PJHYF-L-2023-2)。
文摘The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,Nos.7244428(to WZ)and 7222215(to JH)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program forYoung Scholars’Scientific and Technological Innovation,No.BMU2023YFJHPY034(to WZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81873784,82071426(to DF),and81974197(to JH)the Clinical Cohort Construction Program of Peking University Third Hospital,No.BYSYDL2019002(to DF)Beijing Physician-Scientist TrainingProgram,No.BJPSTP-2024-03(to JH)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2022TQ0014(to LX),2022M720284(to LX)the E-Town Cooperation&Development Foundation,No.YCXJ-JZ-2023-017(to LX).
文摘The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an Asian population.This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinic-based cohort of patients from the Chinese mainland.Enrollment of 302 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families from 28 provinces was undertaken from January 2008 to September 2023.A group-based trajectory model for disease progression based on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)scores was validated using bootstrap internal validation in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(matched at a 1:4 ratio,with replacement).DNA samples from 244 index patients were screened for variants in the pathogenic genes SOD1,FUS,TDP43,and C9ORF72,of which 146 were also subjected to genome-wide next-generation sequencing.Gene-level burden analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of rare variants in the cohort.We found that rapid dynamic disease progression was associated with an older age at onset,shorter diagnostic delay,lower body mass index,bulbar onset,and≥1 affected first-degree relative.Certain attributes,such as age at onset and time from onset to diagnosis,had comparable impacts on the clinical progression trajectories of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Harboring pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causative genes reduced the age of onset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Among the patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,17.8%possessed≥2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants.Sequencing kernel association test analysis showed that the SOD1 rare variant burden(P=1.3e-15)was associated with a significant risk of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Our findings conclusively confirmed the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinical cohort from China,contributing to a deeper understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This comprehensive evaluation of specific clinical characteristics,clinical prognosis,and genetic variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on detailed clinical and genetic information may lead to the development of genotype-specific treatment approaches.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(No.2023ZD0404405)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-pig-35)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3227284,32302708)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.2023TC196)the Seed Industry Revitalization Action Project of Guangdong Province(No.2024-XPY-06-001)。
文摘Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitioning the genome into nonoverlapping blocks to model heterogeneous genetic(co)variance in multitrait models can achieve higher joint prediction accuracy.However,the block partitioning method,a key factor influencing model performance,has not been extensively explored.Results We introduce mbBayesABLD,a novel Bayesian MBGP model that partitions each chromosome into nonoverlapping blocks on the basis of linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns.In this model,marker effects within each block are assumed to follow normal distributions with block-specific parameters.We employ simulated data as well as empirical datasets from pigs and beans to assess genomic prediction accuracy across different models using cross-validation.The results demonstrate that mbBayesABLD significantly outperforms conventional MBGP models,such as GBLUP and BayesR.For the meat marbling score trait in pigs,compared with GBLUP,which does not account for heterogeneous genetic(co)variance,mbBayesABLD improves the prediction accuracy for the small-population breed Landrace by 15.6%.Furthermore,our findings indicate that a moderate level of similarity in LD patterns between breeds(with an average correlation of 0.6)is sufficient to improve the prediction accuracy of the target breed.Conclusions This study presents a novel LD block-based approach for multibreed genomic prediction.Our work provides a practical tool for livestock breeding programs and offers new insights into leveraging genetic diversity across breeds for improved genomic prediction.
文摘Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
基金the Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University(SYB202138)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000195)。
文摘With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022YFF10030022022YFD1200502)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.3237269631991182)Wuhan Biological Breeding Major Project(Grant No.2022021302024852)Key Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd007)HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2023022)Funds for High Quality Development of Hubei Seed Industry(HBZY2023B004)Hubei Agriculture Research System(2023HBSTX4-06)Hubei Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022BBA0066,2022BBA0062)。
文摘Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.
基金supported by Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province(Grant No.212101510003)the Central Plains Scholar Workstation Project(Grant No.224400510002)+1 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.202300410136)the Experimental Development Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.SY2324004)。
文摘Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.
基金funded by Department of Science&Technology and Biotechnology,Govt.of West Bengal,India[Sanction No.565(Sanc.)/STBT-13015/15/11/2021-ST SEC]。
文摘Gerbera,a popular commercial cut flower with vibrant and striking colors has gained immense popularity in the floriculture industry.They are widely cultivated in various regions,making them available throughout the year.As a better alternative to conventional propagation methods(via seeds and rhizomes),plant tissue culture serves as way to avail large-scale,uniform,disease-free plantlets for commercial cultivation as well as to develop novel genotypes.In addition,it ensures production of healthy plantlets throughout the year in limited space.Based on the plant tissue culture techniques,the in vitro polyploidization,mutagenesis,and genetic transformation pave a path for creation of variation and eventually enhancing the ornamental traits to address the consumers’preferences and also facilitates in developing stress tolerant lines thereby minimizing the losses during cultivation,maintaining the quality of the flowers.This comprehensive review article presents an overview of the recent advancements on genetic improvement of gerbera via various cutting-edge plant tissue culture-based tools and techniques that contribute in enhancing the quality and efficiency of gerbera cultivation,meeting the demands of the floriculture industry while addressing the challenges of changing environment and resource limitations.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(Grant Nos.ZDYF2021XDNY159 and ZDYF2021XDNY156)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science(Grant No.1630032022007)China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-32-01)。
文摘Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.),an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions,possesses substantial economic value.The branchand leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality.However,due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map,there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch-and leaf-related traits.In this study,a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing(NGS)using an F_(1) population of 264 progenies,derived from the cross between the cultivars‘Sanyuehong'and‘Ziniangxi'.A total of 2574 high-quality BINs(binomial intervals)were obtained,and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM.With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length(SLL),single leaf width(SLW),leaf shape index(LSI),weight of specific leaf(WSL),petiole length(PL)and compound leaf length(CLL)measured in three seasons,11,9,9,10,9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL,SLW,WSL,LSI,PL and CLL traits,respectively.Among these QTLs,five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits.These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch-and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection(MAS).
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
