For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of i...For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of inhalation exposure for decades. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are the by-products of incomplete combustion.展开更多
While we studied pharmacokinetics of SM-12502 which was under development as an anti-PAF agent, we found three subjects showing a slow metabolic phenotype in its pharmacokinetics. Analyzing the genes for CYP2A6 from t...While we studied pharmacokinetics of SM-12502 which was under development as an anti-PAF agent, we found three subjects showing a slow metabolic phenotype in its pharmacokinetics. Analyzing the genes for CYP2A6 from the three subjects, we discovered that the three subjects possessed the whole CYP2A6 gene deletion (CYP2A6*4C), a novel genetic polymorphism of the CYP2A6 gene. Genetically engineered Salmonella YG7108 cells expressing human CYP2A6 or CYP2E1 together with the NADPH-CYP reductase were established in our laboratory to compare the mutagen-producing capacity of these enzymes for various N-nitrosamines. We found that CYP2E1 was responsible for the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines with relatively short alkyl chains, whereas CYP2A6 was involved in the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines possessing relatively bulky alkyl chains such as a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, which has been known to cause lung tumor in rodents. Thus, to examine a hypothesis that individuals possessing the CYP2A6*4C have the reduced risk of lung cancer due to the lack of the capacity of the metabolic activation of certain carcinogens in tobacco smoke, a case-control study was performed.展开更多
The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits（BIF） is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Caraj...The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits（BIF） is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces（belts）, such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF）, magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF） as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great oresearching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.展开更多
Soils from Poplar,Willow,Black locust plantations were compared to arable soil.Among five tested C cycle functional genes,three discriminated between treatments.Fungi contributed more than bacteria to theβ-glucosidas...Soils from Poplar,Willow,Black locust plantations were compared to arable soil.Among five tested C cycle functional genes,three discriminated between treatments.Fungi contributed more than bacteria to theβ-glucosidase enzyme activity.Fungalβ-glucosidase gene may be considered an indicator of increased C storage.Soil carbon sequestration is regulated by microbial extracellular enzymes.Insight into this process can be gained by studying the relationship between enzyme activity,soil organic carbon and microbial functional genes.The genetic potential of microorganisms to produce carbon cycling enzymes was evaluated in unmanaged plantations of Poplar,Willow,and Black locust,compared with a nearby arable soil.Bacterial and fungal functional genes encoding for cellulase,endoglucanase,endoxylanase andβ-glucosidase enzymes were quantified by real-time PCR.The abundance of three out of five genes differed between the treatments.The fungal gene encodingβ-glucosidase contributed to the corresponding enzyme activity more than the bacterial one,as evidenced by a positive correlation between gene abundance and enzyme activity(r=0.42).This gene exhibited a positive correlation with soil organic carbon content(r=0.42),with higher values in Willow(9×10^(2) gene copiesμL^(−1) and 1.4%SOC).These results suggest that the fungalβ-glucosidase gene abundance can be regarded as an indicator of increased carbon storage,similarly to the corresponding enzyme activity.The integrated analysis of soil carbon enzyme activities and DNA-based techniques enhanced our comprehension of carbon dynamics by revealing distinct contributions of microbial taxonomic groups to carbon accrual.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41390240 and 41571130010)the 111 Project(B14001)
文摘For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of inhalation exposure for decades. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are the by-products of incomplete combustion.
文摘While we studied pharmacokinetics of SM-12502 which was under development as an anti-PAF agent, we found three subjects showing a slow metabolic phenotype in its pharmacokinetics. Analyzing the genes for CYP2A6 from the three subjects, we discovered that the three subjects possessed the whole CYP2A6 gene deletion (CYP2A6*4C), a novel genetic polymorphism of the CYP2A6 gene. Genetically engineered Salmonella YG7108 cells expressing human CYP2A6 or CYP2E1 together with the NADPH-CYP reductase were established in our laboratory to compare the mutagen-producing capacity of these enzymes for various N-nitrosamines. We found that CYP2E1 was responsible for the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines with relatively short alkyl chains, whereas CYP2A6 was involved in the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines possessing relatively bulky alkyl chains such as a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, which has been known to cause lung tumor in rodents. Thus, to examine a hypothesis that individuals possessing the CYP2A6*4C have the reduced risk of lung cancer due to the lack of the capacity of the metabolic activation of certain carcinogens in tobacco smoke, a case-control study was performed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 40773038the Program of High-level Geological Talents (201309)Youth Geological Talents (201112) of the China Geological Survey
文摘The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits（BIF） is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces（belts）, such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF）, magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type（BIF） as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great oresearching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.
基金performed within the frame of CREA research facilities by using institutional resources and funds from the European Joint Programme(EJP SOIL)Project AGROECOseqC“AGROECOlogical strategies for an efficient functioning of plant-soil biota interactions to increase SOC sequestration,”European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program:Grant agreement No.862695.
文摘Soils from Poplar,Willow,Black locust plantations were compared to arable soil.Among five tested C cycle functional genes,three discriminated between treatments.Fungi contributed more than bacteria to theβ-glucosidase enzyme activity.Fungalβ-glucosidase gene may be considered an indicator of increased C storage.Soil carbon sequestration is regulated by microbial extracellular enzymes.Insight into this process can be gained by studying the relationship between enzyme activity,soil organic carbon and microbial functional genes.The genetic potential of microorganisms to produce carbon cycling enzymes was evaluated in unmanaged plantations of Poplar,Willow,and Black locust,compared with a nearby arable soil.Bacterial and fungal functional genes encoding for cellulase,endoglucanase,endoxylanase andβ-glucosidase enzymes were quantified by real-time PCR.The abundance of three out of five genes differed between the treatments.The fungal gene encodingβ-glucosidase contributed to the corresponding enzyme activity more than the bacterial one,as evidenced by a positive correlation between gene abundance and enzyme activity(r=0.42).This gene exhibited a positive correlation with soil organic carbon content(r=0.42),with higher values in Willow(9×10^(2) gene copiesμL^(−1) and 1.4%SOC).These results suggest that the fungalβ-glucosidase gene abundance can be regarded as an indicator of increased carbon storage,similarly to the corresponding enzyme activity.The integrated analysis of soil carbon enzyme activities and DNA-based techniques enhanced our comprehension of carbon dynamics by revealing distinct contributions of microbial taxonomic groups to carbon accrual.
