Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulator...Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.展开更多
Oncolytic virotherapy(OVT)is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells.Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses(OVs)with enhanc...Oncolytic virotherapy(OVT)is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells.Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses(OVs)with enhanced tumor targeting,antitumor efficacy,and safety have been generated,and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials.Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy.In this work,we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification.We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.展开更多
Genetic modification techniques,in particular novel gene editing technologies,hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding,allowing for a more rapi...Genetic modification techniques,in particular novel gene editing technologies,hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding,allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits.Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance,for instance,disease resilience,production yield and the production of desired substances in milk.The potential implications of these technological advancements,which are often combined with animal cloning methods,are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety,also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain.Finally,an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union(EU)and major countries exporting beef to the EU,for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.展开更多
Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and e...Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.展开更多
More than 20 years have passed since the first report on successful genetic transformation of wheat. With the establishment and improvement of transformation platform, great progresses have been made on wheat genetic ...More than 20 years have passed since the first report on successful genetic transformation of wheat. With the establishment and improvement of transformation platform, great progresses have been made on wheat genetic transformation both on its fundamental and applied studies in China, especially driven by the National Major Project for Transgenic Organism Breeding, China, initiated in 2008. In this review, wheat genetic transformation platform improvement and transgenic research progresses including new techniques applied and functional studies of wheat quality, yield and stress tolerant related genes and biosafety assessment are summarized. The existing problems and the trends in wheat transformation with traditional methods combined with genomic studies and genome editing technology are also discussed.展开更多
With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology in the post-genomic era, researchers have concentrated their efforts on elucidating the relationships between genes and their corresponding functions. Rece...With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology in the post-genomic era, researchers have concentrated their efforts on elucidating the relationships between genes and their corresponding functions. Recently, important progress has been achieved in the generation of genetically modified mice based on CRISPR/Cas9 and haploid embryonic stem cell （haESC） approaches, which provide new platforms for gene function analysis, human disease modeling, and gene therapy. Here, we review the CRISPR/Cas9 and haESC technology for the generation of genetically modified mice and discuss the key challenges in the application of these approaches.展开更多
Metsbolites generated by microalgac cell metabolism have practical application value in the fields of medicine, food, feed and energy. At present, with the development of genetic engineering techniques and continuous ...Metsbolites generated by microalgac cell metabolism have practical application value in the fields of medicine, food, feed and energy. At present, with the development of genetic engineering techniques and continuous reduction in gene sequencing costs, some micrcalgal genomes have been successively published, which enables specific genetic modification of microalgae according to human＇s demand and provides broad application prospects. In this paper, different mediating systems and emerging genome editing techniques were summarized, which laid the foundation for the application of genetic engineering methods for microalgae.展开更多
Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game...Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game-changer.Led by Dr.DENG Lei(Shandong Agricultural University)and Dr.LI Chuanyou(the CAS Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology),the collaborative effort identified a peptide called REGENERATION FACTOR1(REF1)as a local wound signal that regulates damage-triggered tissue repair and organ regeneration.This very finding may greatly expand opportunities for improving crop resilience through targeted bioengineering.展开更多
Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human healt...Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human health,is intricately linked with nutrition and genetics,and is influenced by a combination of genetic background,lifestyle choice,and environmental factors.The high-throughput sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools have offered researchers to delve deeper into how individual genetic expression responses to exercise and how dietary interventions can enhance exercise performance and recovery through the gene expression changes and modifications.Among these mechanisms,gene expression emerges as the primary focus,highlighting its role in linking nutrients and exercise to metabolic pathways,muscle synthesis,and inflammation.While epigenetic modifications are briefly considered,the emphasis remains on how direct and indirect influences on gene expression drive physiological adaptations.Herein,the article reviews recent advancements in nutrigenomics within the context of exercise science,exploring gene-regulating mechanisms affected by specific nutrients and dietary patterns on exercise capacity,muscle synthesis,and damage repair.It also outlines the potential applications of personalized nutrition plans in athletic training and general fitness.In addition,this article addresses current challenges and potential issues in the practical implementation of nutrigenomics in exercise-induced health promotion.Future studies should emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel the intricate gene-nutrition-exercise interaction networks,thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and technological support for the advancement of precision exercise nutrition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),off...BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),offer promise due to their osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential.Sclerostin(SOST)inhibits bone formation,so we developed a multi-target gene silencing strategy against SOST using RNA interference.We created hUCMSCs with SOST-silenced(sh-hUCMSCs)and compared their therapeutic efficacy with unmodified hUCMSCs in SANFH mice.This study explores a novel approach to enhance osteogenesis and mitigate SANFH progression.AIM To assess the effects of sh-hUCMSCs on bone metabolism in SANFH.METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from placental tissue and transfected with SOST-targeting short hairpin RNA plasmids.A SANFH mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(20μg/kg)followed by intramuscular methylprednisolone administration(40 mg/kg).Mice were randomized into four experimental groups(n=10/group):Sham control,SANFH(untreated),hUCMSCs-treated,and sh-hUCMSCs-treated.Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone volume(BV),bone surface area,bone surface/BV ratio,tra-becular number,trabecular thickness,and trabecular separation.Quantification of adipocyte area by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Collagen fiber volume was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.Serum levels of osteopro-tegerin(OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK),RANK ligand(RANKL),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,and the OPG/RANKL ratio were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase,OPG,SOST,β-catenin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in bone tissue were determined by western blot analysis.RESULTS hUCMSCs and sh-hUCMSCs exhibited typical fibroblast-like morphology and high expression of MSC surface markers(CD90,CD73,CD105>98%).These cells demonstrated tri-lineage differentiation potential,confirmed by positive Alizarin Red S,Oil Red O,and Alcian Blue staining,and upregulation of lineage-specific genes.After SOST-RNA interference modification,sh-hUCMSCs showed enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis and improved bone formation in a rat model of SANFH.Histological analysis revealed reduced lipid infiltration and empty lacunae in the femoral head of the sh-hUCMSC group.Western blot showed decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression(P<0.05).Masson staining and micro-computed tomography analysis confirmed significantly increased BV,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and reduced trabecular separation in the sh-hUCMSC group compared to unmodified MSCs and SANFH groups(P<0.05).Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed higher OPG and lower RANK,RANKL,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the sh-hUCMSCs group.Western blot further confirmed upregulated alkaline phosphatase,OPG,β-catenin,and downregulated SOST expression in sh-hUCMSCs compared to controls(P<0.05).These results suggest that SOST inhibition enhances the osteogenic potential and therapeutic efficacy of hUCMSCs in SANFH.CONCLUSION sh-hUCMSCs alleviate SANFH by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and suppressing adipogenesis to restore bone metabolic balance.展开更多
Objective To explore repair of spinal cord injury by neural stem cells （NSCs） modified with brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） gene （BDNF-NSCs） in rats. Methods Neural stem cells modified with BDNF gene we...Objective To explore repair of spinal cord injury by neural stem cells （NSCs） modified with brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） gene （BDNF-NSCs） in rats. Methods Neural stem cells modified with BDNF gene were transplanted into the complete transection site of spinal cord at the lumbar 4 （L4） level in rats. Motor function of rats＇ hind limbs was observed and HE and X-gal immunoeytochemical staining, in situ hybridization, and retrograde HRP tracing were also performed. Results BDNF-NSCs survived and integrated well with host spinal cord. In the transplant group, some X-gal positive, NF-200 positive, GFAP positive, BDNF positive, and BDNF mRNA positive cells, and many NF-200 positive nerve fibers were observed in the injury site. Retrograde HRP tracing through sciatic nerve showed some HRP positive cells and nerve fibers near the rostral side of the injury one month after transplant and with time, they increased in number. Examinations on rats＇ motor function and behavior demonstrated that motor function of rats＇ hind limbs improved better in the transplant group than the injury group. Conclusion BDNF-NSCs can survive, differentiate, and partially integrate with host spinal cord, and they significantly ameliorate rats＇ motor function of hind limbs, indicating their promising role in repairing spinal cord injury.展开更多
The developmental tendency of dry land farming technologies in the semiarid area of China were reviewed based on the overview of recent progress in dry land farming researches from China and oversea. It was emphasized...The developmental tendency of dry land farming technologies in the semiarid area of China were reviewed based on the overview of recent progress in dry land farming researches from China and oversea. It was emphasized that conservation tillage, limited irrigation, genetic modification and chemical control are the important aspects for the dry land farming research and development of the future. In addition, some consid-展开更多
There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer＇s disease, including apoptosis of cho- linergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of 13-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 （BACE1） and i...There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer＇s disease, including apoptosis of cho- linergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of 13-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 （BACE1） and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein （AI3） production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin （shRNA） expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing AI3 protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene ther- apy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer＇s disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.展开更多
Unintended effects of genetic modification on chemical composition of Bt maize leaf litter may have impacts on its decomposition. In most agricultural systems in South Africa, maize litter is either left on the soil s...Unintended effects of genetic modification on chemical composition of Bt maize leaf litter may have impacts on its decomposition. In most agricultural systems in South Africa, maize litter is either left on the soil surface or incorporated into the soil during tillage. A litterbag experiment, using leaf litter of three maize hybrids （DKC80-12B, DKC80-10 and DKC6-125）, was carried out at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm, South Africa, to determine the effects of genetic modification on decomposition of maize leaf litter when left on the soil surface under field conditions between July and November, the normal fallow period, in 2008. Another litterbag experiment was conducted at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm and Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme, South Africa, using leaf ~itter of two maize hybrids genetically modified with the erylAb gene （MONS10）, DKC75-15B and PAN6Q-3OSB, and their corresponding near isolines, CRN3505 and PAN6Q-121. The degradation of CrylAb protein in the litter, both surface-applied and soil-incorporated, was also investigated. Decomposition of Bt maize litter was similar to that of non-Bt maize litter both when applied on the surface and when incorporated into soil. Soil-incorporated litter, as well as its CrylAb protein, decomposed faster than that applied on the surface. The leaf litter C：N ratios of PAN6Q-308B and PAN6Q-121 were similar throughout the study, whereas those of DKC75-15B and CRN3505 declined by similar amounts during a 12-week period. These findings suggested that decomposition of leaf litter of Bt maize, with the MON810 event, was not affected by maize genetic modification, and that the CrylAb protein broke down together with plant leaf litter during the winter fallow regardless of whether the litter was applied on the soil surface or incorporated into soil.展开更多
Titanium alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance in marine environments,thus the possibility of their corrosion caused by marine microorganisms is neglected.In this work,microbiologically influenced corrosion(MI...Titanium alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance in marine environments,thus the possibility of their corrosion caused by marine microorganisms is neglected.In this work,microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)of TC4 titanium alloy caused by marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated through electrochemical and surface characterizations during a 14-day immersion test.Results revealed that the unstable surface caused by P.aeruginosa resulted in exposure of Ti_(2)O_(3) and severe pitting corrosion with maximum pit depth of 5.7μm after 14 days of incubation.Phenazine-1-carboxylate(PCN),secreted by P.aeruginosa,promoted extracellular electron transfer(EET)and accelerated corrosion.Deletion of the phzH gene,which codes for the enzyme that catalyzes PCN production,from the P.aeruginosa genome,resulted in significantly decreased rates of corrosion.These results demonstrate that TC4 titanium alloy is not immune to marine MIC,and EET contributes to the corrosion of TC4 titanium alloy caused by P.aeruginosa.展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration.Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures.MSCs ...Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration.Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures.MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal,immunomodulation,proangiogenic potential,and multilineage potency,as well as being readily available and easy to culture.However,major issues,including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo,remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments.Thus,some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo.Currently,priming culture conditions,pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli,preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors,and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies;all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine.Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation.In this review,we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration,antiapoptotic effect,proangiogenic potential,and regenerative properties.Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated.We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.展开更多
With the increasingly serious aging of the global population, dementia has already become a severe clinical challenge on a global scale. Dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia ...With the increasingly serious aging of the global population, dementia has already become a severe clinical challenge on a global scale. Dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia observed in the elderly, but its pathogenetic mechanism has still not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, no effective treatment strategy has been developed to date, despite considerable efforts. This can be mainly attributed to the paucity of animal models of AD that are sufficiently similar to humans. Among the presently established animal models, non-human primates share the closest relationship with humans, and their neural anatomy and neurobiology share highly similar characteristics with those of humans. Thus, there is no doubt that these play an irreplaceable role in AD research. Considering this, the present literature on non-human primate models of AD was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for future research.展开更多
Natural killer(NK)cells represent a promising future for tumor immunotherapy because of their unique biological functions and characteristics.This review focuses on technical advances in NK cell-based cellular immunot...Natural killer(NK)cells represent a promising future for tumor immunotherapy because of their unique biological functions and characteristics.This review focuses on technical advances in NK cell-based cellular immunotherapy and summarizes the developments of recent years in cell sources,genetic modification,manufacturing systems,clinical programs,and outcomes.Future prospects and challenges in NK cell immunotherapy are also discussed,including off-the-shelf NK cell exploitation,automatic and closed manufacturing systems,cryopreservation,and therapies involving regulatory checkpoints.展开更多
This study advances previous efforts towards development of computational systems biology, in silico, methods for biosafety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). C1 metabolism is a critical molecular sy...This study advances previous efforts towards development of computational systems biology, in silico, methods for biosafety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). C1 metabolism is a critical molecular system in plants, fungi, and bacteria. In our previous research, critical molecular systems of C1 metabolism were identified and modeled using CytoSolve<sup>?</sup>, a platform for in silico analysis. In addition, multiple exogenous molecular systems affecting C1 metabolism such as oxidative stress, shikimic acid metabolism, glutathione biosynthesis, etc. were identified. Subsequent research expanded the C1 metabolism computational models to integrate oxidative stress, suggesting glutathione (GSH) depletion. Recent integration of data from the EPSPS genetic modification of Soy, also known as Roundup Ready Soy (RRS), with C1 metabolism predicts similar GSH depletion and HCHO accumulation in RRS. The research herein incorporates molecular systems of glutathione biosynthesis and glyphosate catabolism to expand the extant in silico models of C1 metabolism. The in silico results predict that Organic Soy will have a nearly 250% greater ratio of GSH and GSSG, a measure of glutathione levels, than in RRS that are glyphosate-treated glyphosate-resistant Soy versus the Organic Soy. These predictions also concur with in vivo greenhouse results. This concurrence suggests that these in silico models of C1 metabolism may provide a viable and validated platform for biosafety assessment of GMOs, and aid in selecting rational criteria for informing in vitro and in vivo efforts to more accurately decide in the problem formulation phase whose parameters need to be assessed so that conclusion on “substantial equivalence” or material difference of a GMO and its non-GMO counterpart can be drawn on a well-grounded basis.展开更多
Cedrela odorata is a tropical tree widely appreciated for its wood. Commercial plantations are frequently hampered by the attack of the meliacea borer, Hypsipyla grandella, and the lack of resistant varieties. C. odor...Cedrela odorata is a tropical tree widely appreciated for its wood. Commercial plantations are frequently hampered by the attack of the meliacea borer, Hypsipyla grandella, and the lack of resistant varieties. C. odorata traditional breeding would consume very long periods of time, thus direct transfer of entomotoxic coding genes to generate resistant varieties is a promising alternative. There are two prerequisites for gene manipulation of this species: 1) to set the conditions for transgene delivery and 2) to have a way to select regenerating transformed plants. In this paper, we report the optimal biolistics conditions for transient expression of uidA and gfp reporter genes in C. odorata somatic embryos and the selective doses for kanamycin, spectinomycin, phosphinotrycin and hygromycin to screen transformed cells.展开更多
基金funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants fromthe Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(2022R1C1C1002941 and RS-2024-00407469 to C.-T.K.,2020R1A2C1101915 to S.J.P.,2020R1A2C1004273 to RS-2023-00217064 to W.-J.H.).
文摘Dear Editor,Recent studies have emphasized the importance of editing cis-regulatory elements rather than protein-coding regions to subtly adjust plant traits(Rodrıguez-Leal et al.,2017).However,targeting cis-regulatory elements for mild phenotypic changes has been challenging,often failing to yield significant phenotypic change(Kwon et al.,2020).This underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to secure subtle phenotypic variations.Given the prevalence of gene duplication and redundancy in plant evolution,whereby multiple genes across different families may control a single function(Rodriguez-Leal et al.,2019),our approach involves editing several redundant genes within a family to precisely customize plant traits.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Megaprojects of China for Major Infectious Diseases(No.2018ZX10301403 to LL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81661128041,81672019,and 81822045 to LL,No.81630090 to SJ,No.81701998 to QW and No.81703571 to WX)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M640341 and 2019T120302 to SX)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(to SJ).
文摘Oncolytic virotherapy(OVT)is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells.Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses(OVs)with enhanced tumor targeting,antitumor efficacy,and safety have been generated,and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials.Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy.In this work,we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification.We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.
基金supported by the Ministry of AgricultureNature and Food Quality of the Netherlands(WOT-02-002001/002)。
文摘Genetic modification techniques,in particular novel gene editing technologies,hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding,allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits.Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance,for instance,disease resilience,production yield and the production of desired substances in milk.The potential implications of these technological advancements,which are often combined with animal cloning methods,are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety,also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain.Finally,an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union(EU)and major countries exporting beef to the EU,for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805902,2022YFF0710703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201257)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area (2022XAGG0121)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2019QNRC001)。
文摘Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
基金supported by the National Major Project for Transgenic Organism Breeding, China (2014ZX08002-004 2014ZX08010-004)+3 种基金the International S&T Cooperation Key Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2009DFB30340)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871524 and 31071403)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (2010 CBD 02403)the Wuhan Municipal S&T Research Project, China (201120922286)
文摘More than 20 years have passed since the first report on successful genetic transformation of wheat. With the establishment and improvement of transformation platform, great progresses have been made on wheat genetic transformation both on its fundamental and applied studies in China, especially driven by the National Major Project for Transgenic Organism Breeding, China, initiated in 2008. In this review, wheat genetic transformation platform improvement and transgenic research progresses including new techniques applied and functional studies of wheat quality, yield and stress tolerant related genes and biosafety assessment are summarized. The existing problems and the trends in wheat transformation with traditional methods combined with genomic studies and genome editing technology are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3731530048C1202)
文摘With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology in the post-genomic era, researchers have concentrated their efforts on elucidating the relationships between genes and their corresponding functions. Recently, important progress has been achieved in the generation of genetically modified mice based on CRISPR/Cas9 and haploid embryonic stem cell （haESC） approaches, which provide new platforms for gene function analysis, human disease modeling, and gene therapy. Here, we review the CRISPR/Cas9 and haESC technology for the generation of genetically modified mice and discuss the key challenges in the application of these approaches.
基金Supported by National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(2014AA093501)Fund of The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization(K-JBYWF-2015-T20)
文摘Metsbolites generated by microalgac cell metabolism have practical application value in the fields of medicine, food, feed and energy. At present, with the development of genetic engineering techniques and continuous reduction in gene sequencing costs, some micrcalgal genomes have been successively published, which enables specific genetic modification of microalgae according to human＇s demand and provides broad application prospects. In this paper, different mediating systems and emerging genome editing techniques were summarized, which laid the foundation for the application of genetic engineering methods for microalgae.
文摘Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game-changer.Led by Dr.DENG Lei(Shandong Agricultural University)and Dr.LI Chuanyou(the CAS Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology),the collaborative effort identified a peptide called REGENERATION FACTOR1(REF1)as a local wound signal that regulates damage-triggered tissue repair and organ regeneration.This very finding may greatly expand opportunities for improving crop resilience through targeted bioengineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471186 and 32071176)the 14th Five-Year-Plan Advantageous and Characteristic Disciplines(Groups)of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province for Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial Department of Educationthe Leading Talent Program and Innovative Start-Up Foundation from Wuhan Sports University.
文摘Nutrigenomics is an emerging research field to investigate the interactions between food components and genes and elucidate their impacts on health and diseases.Exercise,another critical factor influencing human health,is intricately linked with nutrition and genetics,and is influenced by a combination of genetic background,lifestyle choice,and environmental factors.The high-throughput sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools have offered researchers to delve deeper into how individual genetic expression responses to exercise and how dietary interventions can enhance exercise performance and recovery through the gene expression changes and modifications.Among these mechanisms,gene expression emerges as the primary focus,highlighting its role in linking nutrients and exercise to metabolic pathways,muscle synthesis,and inflammation.While epigenetic modifications are briefly considered,the emphasis remains on how direct and indirect influences on gene expression drive physiological adaptations.Herein,the article reviews recent advancements in nutrigenomics within the context of exercise science,exploring gene-regulating mechanisms affected by specific nutrients and dietary patterns on exercise capacity,muscle synthesis,and damage repair.It also outlines the potential applications of personalized nutrition plans in athletic training and general fitness.In addition,this article addresses current challenges and potential issues in the practical implementation of nutrigenomics in exercise-induced health promotion.Future studies should emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel the intricate gene-nutrition-exercise interaction networks,thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and technological support for the advancement of precision exercise nutrition.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260944the Key Research and Development Programs of Guangxi,No.2021AB09011。
文摘BACKGROUND Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head(SANFH)involves bone metabolism imbalance and lacks effective therapies.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),particularly human umbilical cord MSCs(hUCMSCs),offer promise due to their osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential.Sclerostin(SOST)inhibits bone formation,so we developed a multi-target gene silencing strategy against SOST using RNA interference.We created hUCMSCs with SOST-silenced(sh-hUCMSCs)and compared their therapeutic efficacy with unmodified hUCMSCs in SANFH mice.This study explores a novel approach to enhance osteogenesis and mitigate SANFH progression.AIM To assess the effects of sh-hUCMSCs on bone metabolism in SANFH.METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from placental tissue and transfected with SOST-targeting short hairpin RNA plasmids.A SANFH mouse model was established through intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(20μg/kg)followed by intramuscular methylprednisolone administration(40 mg/kg).Mice were randomized into four experimental groups(n=10/group):Sham control,SANFH(untreated),hUCMSCs-treated,and sh-hUCMSCs-treated.Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone volume(BV),bone surface area,bone surface/BV ratio,tra-becular number,trabecular thickness,and trabecular separation.Quantification of adipocyte area by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Collagen fiber volume was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining.Serum levels of osteopro-tegerin(OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK),RANK ligand(RANKL),tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,and the OPG/RANKL ratio were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of alkaline phosphatase,OPG,SOST,β-catenin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in bone tissue were determined by western blot analysis.RESULTS hUCMSCs and sh-hUCMSCs exhibited typical fibroblast-like morphology and high expression of MSC surface markers(CD90,CD73,CD105>98%).These cells demonstrated tri-lineage differentiation potential,confirmed by positive Alizarin Red S,Oil Red O,and Alcian Blue staining,and upregulation of lineage-specific genes.After SOST-RNA interference modification,sh-hUCMSCs showed enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis and improved bone formation in a rat model of SANFH.Histological analysis revealed reduced lipid infiltration and empty lacunae in the femoral head of the sh-hUCMSC group.Western blot showed decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression(P<0.05).Masson staining and micro-computed tomography analysis confirmed significantly increased BV,trabecular number,trabecular thickness,and reduced trabecular separation in the sh-hUCMSC group compared to unmodified MSCs and SANFH groups(P<0.05).Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed higher OPG and lower RANK,RANKL,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the sh-hUCMSCs group.Western blot further confirmed upregulated alkaline phosphatase,OPG,β-catenin,and downregulated SOST expression in sh-hUCMSCs compared to controls(P<0.05).These results suggest that SOST inhibition enhances the osteogenic potential and therapeutic efficacy of hUCMSCs in SANFH.CONCLUSION sh-hUCMSCs alleviate SANFH by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation and suppressing adipogenesis to restore bone metabolic balance.
文摘Objective To explore repair of spinal cord injury by neural stem cells （NSCs） modified with brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） gene （BDNF-NSCs） in rats. Methods Neural stem cells modified with BDNF gene were transplanted into the complete transection site of spinal cord at the lumbar 4 （L4） level in rats. Motor function of rats＇ hind limbs was observed and HE and X-gal immunoeytochemical staining, in situ hybridization, and retrograde HRP tracing were also performed. Results BDNF-NSCs survived and integrated well with host spinal cord. In the transplant group, some X-gal positive, NF-200 positive, GFAP positive, BDNF positive, and BDNF mRNA positive cells, and many NF-200 positive nerve fibers were observed in the injury site. Retrograde HRP tracing through sciatic nerve showed some HRP positive cells and nerve fibers near the rostral side of the injury one month after transplant and with time, they increased in number. Examinations on rats＇ motor function and behavior demonstrated that motor function of rats＇ hind limbs improved better in the transplant group than the injury group. Conclusion BDNF-NSCs can survive, differentiate, and partially integrate with host spinal cord, and they significantly ameliorate rats＇ motor function of hind limbs, indicating their promising role in repairing spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of People’s Republic of China(G1999011708).
文摘The developmental tendency of dry land farming technologies in the semiarid area of China were reviewed based on the overview of recent progress in dry land farming researches from China and oversea. It was emphasized that conservation tillage, limited irrigation, genetic modification and chemical control are the important aspects for the dry land farming research and development of the future. In addition, some consid-
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271476the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.S2011010004366
文摘There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer＇s disease, including apoptosis of cho- linergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of 13-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 （BACE1） and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein （AI3） production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin （shRNA） expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing AI3 protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene ther- apy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer＇s disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa(NRF)the Govan Mbeki Research and Development Center(GMRDC)of the University of Fort Hare(No.GUN62299)
文摘Unintended effects of genetic modification on chemical composition of Bt maize leaf litter may have impacts on its decomposition. In most agricultural systems in South Africa, maize litter is either left on the soil surface or incorporated into the soil during tillage. A litterbag experiment, using leaf litter of three maize hybrids （DKC80-12B, DKC80-10 and DKC6-125）, was carried out at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm, South Africa, to determine the effects of genetic modification on decomposition of maize leaf litter when left on the soil surface under field conditions between July and November, the normal fallow period, in 2008. Another litterbag experiment was conducted at the University of Fort Hare Research Farm and Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme, South Africa, using leaf ~itter of two maize hybrids genetically modified with the erylAb gene （MONS10）, DKC75-15B and PAN6Q-3OSB, and their corresponding near isolines, CRN3505 and PAN6Q-121. The degradation of CrylAb protein in the litter, both surface-applied and soil-incorporated, was also investigated. Decomposition of Bt maize litter was similar to that of non-Bt maize litter both when applied on the surface and when incorporated into soil. Soil-incorporated litter, as well as its CrylAb protein, decomposed faster than that applied on the surface. The leaf litter C：N ratios of PAN6Q-308B and PAN6Q-121 were similar throughout the study, whereas those of DKC75-15B and CRN3505 declined by similar amounts during a 12-week period. These findings suggested that decomposition of leaf litter of Bt maize, with the MON810 event, was not affected by maize genetic modification, and that the CrylAb protein broke down together with plant leaf litter during the winter fallow regardless of whether the litter was applied on the soil surface or incorporated into soil.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2006219,U1660118 and 51871050)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the Ministry of Education of China(N180205021,N180203019)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907158)。
文摘Titanium alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance in marine environments,thus the possibility of their corrosion caused by marine microorganisms is neglected.In this work,microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)of TC4 titanium alloy caused by marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated through electrochemical and surface characterizations during a 14-day immersion test.Results revealed that the unstable surface caused by P.aeruginosa resulted in exposure of Ti_(2)O_(3) and severe pitting corrosion with maximum pit depth of 5.7μm after 14 days of incubation.Phenazine-1-carboxylate(PCN),secreted by P.aeruginosa,promoted extracellular electron transfer(EET)and accelerated corrosion.Deletion of the phzH gene,which codes for the enzyme that catalyzes PCN production,from the P.aeruginosa genome,resulted in significantly decreased rates of corrosion.These results demonstrate that TC4 titanium alloy is not immune to marine MIC,and EET contributes to the corrosion of TC4 titanium alloy caused by P.aeruginosa.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,No.2021YJ0147National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31600789.
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration.Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures.MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal,immunomodulation,proangiogenic potential,and multilineage potency,as well as being readily available and easy to culture.However,major issues,including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo,remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments.Thus,some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo.Currently,priming culture conditions,pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli,preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors,and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies;all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine.Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation.In this review,we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration,antiapoptotic effect,proangiogenic potential,and regenerative properties.Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated.We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.
基金The CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(2016-12M-2-006 and 2016-12M-1-10)the PUMC Innovation Fund for Graduate Students(Grant/Award number:2017-1001-07)
文摘With the increasingly serious aging of the global population, dementia has already become a severe clinical challenge on a global scale. Dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia observed in the elderly, but its pathogenetic mechanism has still not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, no effective treatment strategy has been developed to date, despite considerable efforts. This can be mainly attributed to the paucity of animal models of AD that are sufficiently similar to humans. Among the presently established animal models, non-human primates share the closest relationship with humans, and their neural anatomy and neurobiology share highly similar characteristics with those of humans. Thus, there is no doubt that these play an irreplaceable role in AD research. Considering this, the present literature on non-human primate models of AD was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for future research.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB29030201, XBD29030202)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1303503)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81788101, 81671558, 31571440, 81821001, 91542000)Major Projects of Science and Technology in Anhui Province (Grant No. 17030801024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. YD2070002004)
文摘Natural killer(NK)cells represent a promising future for tumor immunotherapy because of their unique biological functions and characteristics.This review focuses on technical advances in NK cell-based cellular immunotherapy and summarizes the developments of recent years in cell sources,genetic modification,manufacturing systems,clinical programs,and outcomes.Future prospects and challenges in NK cell immunotherapy are also discussed,including off-the-shelf NK cell exploitation,automatic and closed manufacturing systems,cryopreservation,and therapies involving regulatory checkpoints.
文摘This study advances previous efforts towards development of computational systems biology, in silico, methods for biosafety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). C1 metabolism is a critical molecular system in plants, fungi, and bacteria. In our previous research, critical molecular systems of C1 metabolism were identified and modeled using CytoSolve<sup>?</sup>, a platform for in silico analysis. In addition, multiple exogenous molecular systems affecting C1 metabolism such as oxidative stress, shikimic acid metabolism, glutathione biosynthesis, etc. were identified. Subsequent research expanded the C1 metabolism computational models to integrate oxidative stress, suggesting glutathione (GSH) depletion. Recent integration of data from the EPSPS genetic modification of Soy, also known as Roundup Ready Soy (RRS), with C1 metabolism predicts similar GSH depletion and HCHO accumulation in RRS. The research herein incorporates molecular systems of glutathione biosynthesis and glyphosate catabolism to expand the extant in silico models of C1 metabolism. The in silico results predict that Organic Soy will have a nearly 250% greater ratio of GSH and GSSG, a measure of glutathione levels, than in RRS that are glyphosate-treated glyphosate-resistant Soy versus the Organic Soy. These predictions also concur with in vivo greenhouse results. This concurrence suggests that these in silico models of C1 metabolism may provide a viable and validated platform for biosafety assessment of GMOs, and aid in selecting rational criteria for informing in vitro and in vivo efforts to more accurately decide in the problem formulation phase whose parameters need to be assessed so that conclusion on “substantial equivalence” or material difference of a GMO and its non-GMO counterpart can be drawn on a well-grounded basis.
基金support provided by CONACYT-CONA-FOR C03-10013SEP-CONACYT C01-53851ITSA-DIC 2004-1
文摘Cedrela odorata is a tropical tree widely appreciated for its wood. Commercial plantations are frequently hampered by the attack of the meliacea borer, Hypsipyla grandella, and the lack of resistant varieties. C. odorata traditional breeding would consume very long periods of time, thus direct transfer of entomotoxic coding genes to generate resistant varieties is a promising alternative. There are two prerequisites for gene manipulation of this species: 1) to set the conditions for transgene delivery and 2) to have a way to select regenerating transformed plants. In this paper, we report the optimal biolistics conditions for transient expression of uidA and gfp reporter genes in C. odorata somatic embryos and the selective doses for kanamycin, spectinomycin, phosphinotrycin and hygromycin to screen transformed cells.
