According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List,41%of the world’s amphibian species are threatened with extinction,making them more threatened than any other vertebrate group nowadays.Given t...According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List,41%of the world’s amphibian species are threatened with extinction,making them more threatened than any other vertebrate group nowadays.Given the global amphibian crisis,comprehensive understanding of demographics and population trends of declining and threatened species is essential for effective management and conservation strategies.Counting egg spawns is widely used to assess population abundance in pond breeding anurans.However,it is unknown how such counts translate into robust population size estimations.We monitored the breeding activity of the Natterjack toad(Epidalea calamita),combining egg string counts and individual photo-identification with Capture-Mark-Recapture population size and operational sex ratio estimation.Male Natterjack toads were identified by the pattern of natural markings with repeated ID of the same individual confirmed for 10%of the samples using genetic fingerprinting.We identified 647 unique individuals within a closed study population at Caherdaniel,Co Kerry.Population estimates derived from egg string counts estimated a breeding population of 368 females(95%CI 353–384)and Capture-Mark-Recapture estimated a breeding population of 1698 males(95%CI 1000–2397).The female:male sex ratio was conservatively estimated at 1:5(95%CI 1:3–1:6)where 62%±6%of females were assumed to spawn.These substantially departed from any priori assumption of 1:1 which could have underestimated the breeding population by up to 72%.Where amphibian absolute population size estimation is necessary,methods should include empirical survey data on operational sex ratios and not rely on assumptions or those derived from the literature which may be highly population and/or context-dependent.展开更多
DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. ...DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. This study aimed to establish the links of biological relationships between subjects by analyzing 21 STR loci. The participants were 14 individuals referred to CERBA by the Justice in 2022. Oral or blood samples were taken for each subject. DNA was extracted, and the analysis of DNA polymorphism by PowerPlex® 21 Kit (Part No. DC8902) was performed by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI PRISM 3130 sequencer. DNA profiles were compiled using the GeneMapper IDX software version 1.2. Of the fourteen subjects examined, twelve of these samples had complete genetic profiles, while the other two had partial and absent profiles. The results confirmed the inclusion of three cases of Paternity, one case of maternity, one case of a relationship of brotherhood, and the exclusion of one case of maternity and one case of a relationship of brotherhood. DNA tests improve the resolution of filiations, but they require ethical and cultural awareness and a strengthened legal framework to prevent and protect society.展开更多
Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Tort. ＆ Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Popu...Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Tort. ＆ Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045.展开更多
Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, P...Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045.展开更多
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative So...The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii show a high resistance towards B. tabaci. A mapping approach was used to elucidate the genetic background of whiteflyresistance related traits and associated biochemical traits in this species. Minor quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for whitefly adult survival（AS） and oviposition rate（OR） were identified and some were confirmed in an F2BC1 population, where they showed increased percentages of explained variance（more than 30%）. Bulked segregant analyses on pools of whiteflyresistant and-susceptible F2 plants enabled the identification of metabolites that correlate either with resistance or susceptibility. Genetic mapping of these metabolites showed that a large number of them co-localize with whiteflyresistance QTLs. Some of these whitefly-resistance QTLs are hotspots for metabolite QTLs. Although a large number of metabolite QTLs correlated to whitefly resistance or susceptibility, most of them are yet unknown compounds and further studies are needed to identify the metabolic pathways and genes involved. The results indicate a direct genetic correlation between biochemical-based resistance characteristics and reduced whitefly incidence in S. pennellii.展开更多
基金This study was part of a larger monitoring and surveillance project commissioned and funded by the National Parks and Wildlife Service(NPWS)Department of Culture,Heritage and the Gaeltacht(CHG)Republic of Ireland.Natterjack toads were collected under Government license(No.C098/2016).
文摘According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List,41%of the world’s amphibian species are threatened with extinction,making them more threatened than any other vertebrate group nowadays.Given the global amphibian crisis,comprehensive understanding of demographics and population trends of declining and threatened species is essential for effective management and conservation strategies.Counting egg spawns is widely used to assess population abundance in pond breeding anurans.However,it is unknown how such counts translate into robust population size estimations.We monitored the breeding activity of the Natterjack toad(Epidalea calamita),combining egg string counts and individual photo-identification with Capture-Mark-Recapture population size and operational sex ratio estimation.Male Natterjack toads were identified by the pattern of natural markings with repeated ID of the same individual confirmed for 10%of the samples using genetic fingerprinting.We identified 647 unique individuals within a closed study population at Caherdaniel,Co Kerry.Population estimates derived from egg string counts estimated a breeding population of 368 females(95%CI 353–384)and Capture-Mark-Recapture estimated a breeding population of 1698 males(95%CI 1000–2397).The female:male sex ratio was conservatively estimated at 1:5(95%CI 1:3–1:6)where 62%±6%of females were assumed to spawn.These substantially departed from any priori assumption of 1:1 which could have underestimated the breeding population by up to 72%.Where amphibian absolute population size estimation is necessary,methods should include empirical survey data on operational sex ratios and not rely on assumptions or those derived from the literature which may be highly population and/or context-dependent.
文摘DNA testing for biological relationships is becoming increasingly common in Burkina Faso. STR analysis remains the most reliable technique for resolving disputes or claims in court regarding biological relationships. This study aimed to establish the links of biological relationships between subjects by analyzing 21 STR loci. The participants were 14 individuals referred to CERBA by the Justice in 2022. Oral or blood samples were taken for each subject. DNA was extracted, and the analysis of DNA polymorphism by PowerPlex® 21 Kit (Part No. DC8902) was performed by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI PRISM 3130 sequencer. DNA profiles were compiled using the GeneMapper IDX software version 1.2. Of the fourteen subjects examined, twelve of these samples had complete genetic profiles, while the other two had partial and absent profiles. The results confirmed the inclusion of three cases of Paternity, one case of maternity, one case of a relationship of brotherhood, and the exclusion of one case of maternity and one case of a relationship of brotherhood. DNA tests improve the resolution of filiations, but they require ethical and cultural awareness and a strengthened legal framework to prevent and protect society.
文摘Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Tort. ＆ Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045.
基金supported by the Deutsche For-schungsgemeinschaft DFG (grant number SCHN 1080/1-1)
文摘Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045.
基金financially supported by the Technical Top Institute of Green Genetics(TTI-GGResistance mechanisms against whitefly in tomato project:3360124600),Monsanto Vegetable Seeds(Bergschenhoek,The Netherlands),Nunhems NL(Nunhem,the Netherlands),and Wageningen University and Research Centrepartially funded by the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre and the Centre of Biosystems Genomics,which are both part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
文摘The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii show a high resistance towards B. tabaci. A mapping approach was used to elucidate the genetic background of whiteflyresistance related traits and associated biochemical traits in this species. Minor quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for whitefly adult survival（AS） and oviposition rate（OR） were identified and some were confirmed in an F2BC1 population, where they showed increased percentages of explained variance（more than 30%）. Bulked segregant analyses on pools of whiteflyresistant and-susceptible F2 plants enabled the identification of metabolites that correlate either with resistance or susceptibility. Genetic mapping of these metabolites showed that a large number of them co-localize with whiteflyresistance QTLs. Some of these whitefly-resistance QTLs are hotspots for metabolite QTLs. Although a large number of metabolite QTLs correlated to whitefly resistance or susceptibility, most of them are yet unknown compounds and further studies are needed to identify the metabolic pathways and genes involved. The results indicate a direct genetic correlation between biochemical-based resistance characteristics and reduced whitefly incidence in S. pennellii.
