Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interacti...Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.展开更多
Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Ge...Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Genetic variants that regulate gene expression,known as expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL),are primarily shaped by human migration history and evolutionary forces,likewise,regulation of gene expression in principle could have been influenced by these events.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of how human evolution impacts eQTL offers important insights into how phenotypic diversity is shaped.Recent studies,however,suggest that eQTL is enriched in genes that are selectively constrained.Whether eQTL is minimally affected by selective pressures remains an open question and requires comprehensive investigations.In addition,such studies are primarily dominated by the major populations of European ancestry,leaving many marginalized populations underrepresented.These observations indicate there exists a fundamental knowledge gap in the role of genomics variation on phenotypic diversity,which potentially hinders precision medicine.This article aims to revisit the abundance of eQTL across diverse populations and provide an overview of their impact from the population and evolutionary genetics perspective,subsequently discuss their influence on phenomics,as well as challenges and opportunities in the applications to precision medicine.展开更多
The KCNQ family of genes(KCNQ1–KCNQ5),encoding voltage-gated K+(Kv)channels,have been demonstrated to play potential pathophysiological roles in cancers.However,the associations between genetic variants located in KC...The KCNQ family of genes(KCNQ1–KCNQ5),encoding voltage-gated K+(Kv)channels,have been demonstrated to play potential pathophysiological roles in cancers.However,the associations between genetic variants located in KCNQ family genes and gastric cancer survival remain unclear.In this study,a large-scale cohort comprising 1135 Chinese gastric cancer patients was enrolled to identify genetic variants in KCNQ family genes associated with overall survival(OS).Based on the survival evaluation of all five KCNQ family genes,KCNQ1 was selected for subsequent genetic analysis.In both Cox regression model and stepwise Cox regression model used to evaluate survival-related genetic variants,we found that KCNQ1 rs10832417G>T was associated with an increased OS in gastric cancer patients(adjusted hazards ratio[HR]=0.84,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.72–0.98,P=0.023).Subsequently,a nomogram was constructed to enhance the prognostic capacity and clinical translation of rs10832417 variants.The rs10832417 T allele was predicted to increase the minimum free energy of the secondary structure.Furthermore,we observed that gastric cancer patients with downregulated KCNQ1expression had a poorer survival across multiple public datasets.The findings of the present study indicate that KCNQ1 rs10832417 may serve as an independent prognostic predictor of gastric cancer,providing novel insights into the progression and survival of the disease.展开更多
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of I...Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence.Despite the significant number of cases globally(~5 million),the causes of pediatric IBD,which constitutes 25%of IBD patients,are not yet fully understood.Apart from environmental factors,genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD.The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing.Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex which resulted in difficulty in selecting effective treatment or patient management.Genetic variation of IBD would serve as a basis for precision medicine and allow for the discovery of more robust treatment avenues for this condition in pediatric patients.This review aims to discuss the genetics of pediatric IBD,and current development in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment based on genetic profiling of pediatric IBD subjects toward more personalized management of this disease.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular a...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.展开更多
Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on...Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.展开更多
Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations ...Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair(MMR)genes,including MLH1,MSH2,MSH6 and PMS2.These mutations lead to microsatellite instability(MSI)and defective DNA repair mechanisms,resulting in increased cancer risk.Early detection of LS is crucial for effective management and cancer prevention.Endoscopic surveillance,particularly regular colonoscopy,is recommended for individuals with LS to detect CRC at early stages.Additionally,universal screening of CRC for MMR deficiency can help identify at-risk individuals.Genetic counseling plays a valuable role in LS by guiding patients and their families in understanding the genetic basis,making informed decisions regarding surveillance and prevention,and offering reproductive options to reduce the transmission of pathogenic variants of the offspring.The aim of this review is to outline current strategies for the diagnosis,surveillance,and management of LS,with a focus on the role of genetic counseling,endoscopic screening,and emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate cancer risk in affected individuals.展开更多
Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genet...Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.展开更多
2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究...2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。展开更多
Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This r...Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This review summarizes the research advances in this field,with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade.The effects of embryonic nutrition,both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding(IOF),on skeletal muscle development,the IMF content,and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed.In genetics,single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes,which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is the key enzyme involved in this process.This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry.Key genes,proteins,and pathways,such as FASN,FABP4,PPARG,C/EBPα,SLC27A1;LPL,APOA1,COL1A1;PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling,have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis.LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition.MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG,thereby affecting IMF formation.In nutrition,nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP,providing new targets for nutritional interventions.Adjusting dietary components,including energy,protein,amino acids,fatty acids,and phytochemicals(e.g.,rutin),has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers.Maternal nutrition(e.g.,intake of energy,amino acids,vitamins,and trace elements)and IOF(e.g.,N-carbamylglutamate)have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality,opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition.Based on these significant advancements,this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches.These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues.These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone...Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.展开更多
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herb...Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.展开更多
With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a c...With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.展开更多
Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction ...Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.展开更多
Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity le...Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.展开更多
Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating...Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yi...The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yields,which have been documented at commercial mussel farms in the United Kingdom,the United States of America,Canada,Spain,New Zealand and China.Byssus is an important attachment structure for marine mussels,and weakness in byssal thread attachment is a major factor leading to mussel detachment from ropes.To investigate the relationship between genetic variability and byssal thread phenotypic characteristics in the hard-shelled mussel(Mytilus coruscus),we collected three wild populations of M.coruscus from different latitudes in the East China Sea,including the Shengsi(SS),Jiaojiang(JJ),and Fuding(FD)populations.The genetic diversity and structure of these populations were investigated using 10 microsatellite loci.The mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)in the SS population was 0.44,higher than the mean Ho values of the JJ(0.40)and FD(0.39)populations.The mean inbreeding coefficients(F_(is))in the SS population was 0.20,lower than the mean F_(is)values of the JJ(0.33)and FD populations(0.40).These results revealed that the SS population exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to the other two populations.The different numbers of private alleles(P_(a))in the three populations,ranging from 10 to 17,suggest that these populations have experienced selective pressures from various environments.Moreover,genetic differentiation was observed in the genetic distance between the SS population and the other two populations.We also examined the phenotypic characteristics of their byssal threads.There were significant differences in byssus attachment strength among the three populations,with the SS population located at the highest latitude secreting more byssal threads and exhibiting greater byssal breaking force and plaque adhesion strength,while the Fuding(FD)population located at the lowest latitude had the weakest byssal attachment.The observed differentiation in private alleles and byssus phenotypes might suggest that the three wild populations have experienced different environmental selective pressures.This study provides insight for future genetic enhancement programs aimed at improving byssus attachment in M.coruscus.展开更多
Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in...Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in cucumber have been identified.Here,the heat injury indices of 88 cucumber accessions representing diverse ecotypes were collected in two open-field environments,with naturally occurring high temperatures over two years.Seventeen of the 88 accessions were identified as highly heat-tolerant.Using a genome-wide association study,five loci(gHII3.1,gHII3.2,gHII3.3,gHII4.1 and gHII6.1)on three chromosomes associated with heat tolerance were detected.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlation,sequence polymorphisms,and qRT-PCR analyses at these loci,identified five candidate genes predicted to be casual for heat stress response in cucumber.CsaV3_3G04883,CsaV3_4G029050 and CsaV3_6G005370 each had nonsynonymous SNPs,and were significantly up-regulated by heat stress in the heat-tolerant genotypes.CsaV3_3G031890 was also induced by heat stress,but in the heatsensitive genotypes,and sequence polymorphism was only found in the promoter region.Identifying these candidate genes lays a foundation for understanding cucumber thermotolerance mechanisms.Our study is one of the few to examine heat stress in adult cucumber plants and it therefore fills a critical gap in knowledge.It is also an important first-step towards accelerating the breeding of robust heat-tolerant varieties.展开更多
Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment proc...Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants have a limited efficiencies of antibiotics resistant bacteria(ARB)disinfection and ARGs degradation and even promote the proliferation of ARGs.Problematically,ARB and ARGs in effluent pose potential risks if they are not further treated.Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising disinfection technology,where the photocatalytic process generates many free radicals that enhance the interaction between light and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)for ARB elimination and subsequent degradation of ARGs.This reviewaims to illustrate the progress of photocatalytic oxidation technology for removing antibiotics resistant(AR)from wastewater in recent years.We discuss the sources and transfer of ARGs in wastewater.The overall removal efficiencies of ultraviolet radiation(UV)/chlorination,UV/ozone,UV/H_(2)O_(2),and UV/sulfate-radical based system for ARB and ARGs,as well as the experimental parameters and removal mechanisms,are systematically discussed.The contribution of photocatalytic materials based on TiO_(2) and g-C_(3)N_(4) to the inactivation of ARB and degradation of ARGs is highlighted,producingmany free radicals to attack ARB and ARGs while effectively limiting the horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in wastewater.Finally,based on the reviewed studies,future research directions are proposed to realize specific photocatalytic oxidation technology applications and overcome current challenges.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222064 and 32341030)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1445800)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24C130008).
文摘Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)with project code:FRGS/1/2021/STG01/UCSI/01/.SX was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants 32030020 and 32288101funded by the NSFC grant 32270665.
文摘Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Genetic variants that regulate gene expression,known as expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL),are primarily shaped by human migration history and evolutionary forces,likewise,regulation of gene expression in principle could have been influenced by these events.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of how human evolution impacts eQTL offers important insights into how phenotypic diversity is shaped.Recent studies,however,suggest that eQTL is enriched in genes that are selectively constrained.Whether eQTL is minimally affected by selective pressures remains an open question and requires comprehensive investigations.In addition,such studies are primarily dominated by the major populations of European ancestry,leaving many marginalized populations underrepresented.These observations indicate there exists a fundamental knowledge gap in the role of genomics variation on phenotypic diversity,which potentially hinders precision medicine.This article aims to revisit the abundance of eQTL across diverse populations and provide an overview of their impact from the population and evolutionary genetics perspective,subsequently discuss their influence on phenomics,as well as challenges and opportunities in the applications to precision medicine.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82273458 to Jinfei Chen)the Start-up Fund for the Recruited Talents of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(Grant No.2021QD025 to Jinfei Chen)。
文摘The KCNQ family of genes(KCNQ1–KCNQ5),encoding voltage-gated K+(Kv)channels,have been demonstrated to play potential pathophysiological roles in cancers.However,the associations between genetic variants located in KCNQ family genes and gastric cancer survival remain unclear.In this study,a large-scale cohort comprising 1135 Chinese gastric cancer patients was enrolled to identify genetic variants in KCNQ family genes associated with overall survival(OS).Based on the survival evaluation of all five KCNQ family genes,KCNQ1 was selected for subsequent genetic analysis.In both Cox regression model and stepwise Cox regression model used to evaluate survival-related genetic variants,we found that KCNQ1 rs10832417G>T was associated with an increased OS in gastric cancer patients(adjusted hazards ratio[HR]=0.84,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.72–0.98,P=0.023).Subsequently,a nomogram was constructed to enhance the prognostic capacity and clinical translation of rs10832417 variants.The rs10832417 T allele was predicted to increase the minimum free energy of the secondary structure.Furthermore,we observed that gastric cancer patients with downregulated KCNQ1expression had a poorer survival across multiple public datasets.The findings of the present study indicate that KCNQ1 rs10832417 may serve as an independent prognostic predictor of gastric cancer,providing novel insights into the progression and survival of the disease.
文摘Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence.Despite the significant number of cases globally(~5 million),the causes of pediatric IBD,which constitutes 25%of IBD patients,are not yet fully understood.Apart from environmental factors,genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD.The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing.Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex which resulted in difficulty in selecting effective treatment or patient management.Genetic variation of IBD would serve as a basis for precision medicine and allow for the discovery of more robust treatment avenues for this condition in pediatric patients.This review aims to discuss the genetics of pediatric IBD,and current development in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment based on genetic profiling of pediatric IBD subjects toward more personalized management of this disease.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(grant number:NRF-2022R1A2C1092743).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800604)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China。
文摘Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.
文摘Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair(MMR)genes,including MLH1,MSH2,MSH6 and PMS2.These mutations lead to microsatellite instability(MSI)and defective DNA repair mechanisms,resulting in increased cancer risk.Early detection of LS is crucial for effective management and cancer prevention.Endoscopic surveillance,particularly regular colonoscopy,is recommended for individuals with LS to detect CRC at early stages.Additionally,universal screening of CRC for MMR deficiency can help identify at-risk individuals.Genetic counseling plays a valuable role in LS by guiding patients and their families in understanding the genetic basis,making informed decisions regarding surveillance and prevention,and offering reproductive options to reduce the transmission of pathogenic variants of the offspring.The aim of this review is to outline current strategies for the diagnosis,surveillance,and management of LS,with a focus on the role of genetic counseling,endoscopic screening,and emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate cancer risk in affected individuals.
文摘Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.
文摘2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。
基金funded by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.U21A20253)2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This review summarizes the research advances in this field,with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade.The effects of embryonic nutrition,both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding(IOF),on skeletal muscle development,the IMF content,and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed.In genetics,single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes,which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is the key enzyme involved in this process.This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry.Key genes,proteins,and pathways,such as FASN,FABP4,PPARG,C/EBPα,SLC27A1;LPL,APOA1,COL1A1;PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling,have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis.LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition.MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG,thereby affecting IMF formation.In nutrition,nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP,providing new targets for nutritional interventions.Adjusting dietary components,including energy,protein,amino acids,fatty acids,and phytochemicals(e.g.,rutin),has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers.Maternal nutrition(e.g.,intake of energy,amino acids,vitamins,and trace elements)and IOF(e.g.,N-carbamylglutamate)have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality,opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition.Based on these significant advancements,this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches.These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues.These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens.
基金supported by the Ministry of Health National Medical Research Council (to JL)the National University of Singapore (to JJEC)
文摘Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.
基金funded by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202070002)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(Grant No.GuikeAA23023007-2)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024CXTD19)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010303)。
文摘Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.
基金the Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University(SYB202138)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000195)。
文摘With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022YFF10030022022YFD1200502)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.3237269631991182)Wuhan Biological Breeding Major Project(Grant No.2022021302024852)Key Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd007)HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2023022)Funds for High Quality Development of Hubei Seed Industry(HBZY2023B004)Hubei Agriculture Research System(2023HBSTX4-06)Hubei Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022BBA0066,2022BBA0062)。
文摘Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.
基金supported by Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province(Grant No.212101510003)the Central Plains Scholar Workstation Project(Grant No.224400510002)+1 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.202300410136)the Experimental Development Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.SY2324004)。
文摘Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.is an endemic shrub flower in China with 2n=10.This study used 228 cultivars from four populations,i.e.,Jiangnan,Japan,Northwest,and Zhongyuan,as materials to explore the genetic diversity levels among different populations of tree peony varieties.The results showed that 34 bands were amplified using five pairs of cp SSR primers,with an average of 6.8 bands per primer pair.The average number of different alleles(N_(a)),effective alleles(N_(e)),Shannon's information index(I),diversity(H),and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 3.600,2.053,0.708,0.433,and 0.388,respectively.The PIC value was between 0.250 and 0.500,indicating a moderate level of polymorphism for the five cp SSR primer pairs.The genetic diversity levels of peony cultivars varied among different populations,with the Northwest population showing relatively lower levels(I=0.590,H=0.289,and PIC=0.263).A total of 52 haplotypes were identified in the four examined populations,and the number of haplotypes per population ranged from 11 to 22.Forty-four private haplotypes were detected across populations,and the Northwest population exhibiting the highest count of private haplotypes with 17.The mean number of effective number of haplotypes(N_(eh)),haplotypic richness(R_(h)),and diversity(H)were 8.351,6.824,and 0.893,respectively.Analysis of molecular variance indicated that genetic variation within tree peony germplasm was greater than that between germplasm resources,and the main variation was found within individuals of peony germplasm.Cluster analysis,principal coordinate analysis,and genetic structure analysis classified tree peonies from different origins into two groups,indicating a certain degree of genetic differentiation among these four tree peony cultivation groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for the exploration,utilization,and conservation of peony germplasm resources,as well as for research on the breeding of excellent varieties.
基金Dean's Office Howard University College of Medicine,Grant/Award Number:Bridge Fund/Pilot Study AwardNational Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities,Grant/Award Number:RCMI/IDC Award U54MD007597National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Grant/Award Number:R03HD095417 and R16HD116702。
文摘Background:How AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling regulates mito-chondrial functions and mitophagy in human trophoblast cells remains unclear.This study was designed to investigate potential players mediating the regulation of AMPK on mitochondrial functions and mitophagy by next generation RNA-seq.Methods:We compared ATP production in protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1/2(PRKAA1/2)knockdown(AKD)and control BeWo cells using the Seahorse real-time ATP rate test,then analyzed gene expression profiling by RNA-seq.Differentially expressed genes(DEG)were examined by Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment.Then protein-protein interactions(PPI)among mitochondria related genes were fur-ther analyzed using Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)software.Results:Both mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in AKD cells were lower than in the control BeWo cells(CT),with a greater reduction of mitochondrial ATP production.A total of 1092 DEGs were identified,with 405 upregulated and 687 downregulated.GO analysis identified 60 genes associated with the term‘mitochon-drion’in the cellular component domain.PPI analysis identified three clusters of mito-chondria related genes,including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 and B15(AKR1B10,AKR1B15),alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1(AARS1),mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6(MRPS6),mitochondrial calcium uniporter dominant negative subunit beta(MCUB)and dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2(DBT).Conclusions:In summary,this study identified multiple mitochondria related genes regulated by AMPK in BeWo cells,and among them,three clusters of genes may po-tentially contribute to altered mitochondrial functions in response to reduced AMPK signaling.
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
文摘The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yields,which have been documented at commercial mussel farms in the United Kingdom,the United States of America,Canada,Spain,New Zealand and China.Byssus is an important attachment structure for marine mussels,and weakness in byssal thread attachment is a major factor leading to mussel detachment from ropes.To investigate the relationship between genetic variability and byssal thread phenotypic characteristics in the hard-shelled mussel(Mytilus coruscus),we collected three wild populations of M.coruscus from different latitudes in the East China Sea,including the Shengsi(SS),Jiaojiang(JJ),and Fuding(FD)populations.The genetic diversity and structure of these populations were investigated using 10 microsatellite loci.The mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)in the SS population was 0.44,higher than the mean Ho values of the JJ(0.40)and FD(0.39)populations.The mean inbreeding coefficients(F_(is))in the SS population was 0.20,lower than the mean F_(is)values of the JJ(0.33)and FD populations(0.40).These results revealed that the SS population exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to the other two populations.The different numbers of private alleles(P_(a))in the three populations,ranging from 10 to 17,suggest that these populations have experienced selective pressures from various environments.Moreover,genetic differentiation was observed in the genetic distance between the SS population and the other two populations.We also examined the phenotypic characteristics of their byssal threads.There were significant differences in byssus attachment strength among the three populations,with the SS population located at the highest latitude secreting more byssal threads and exhibiting greater byssal breaking force and plaque adhesion strength,while the Fuding(FD)population located at the lowest latitude had the weakest byssal attachment.The observed differentiation in private alleles and byssus phenotypes might suggest that the three wild populations have experienced different environmental selective pressures.This study provides insight for future genetic enhancement programs aimed at improving byssus attachment in M.coruscus.
基金supported by Beijing Joint Research Program for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding(Grant No.G20220628003-03)Chongqing Municipal People's Government and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences strategic cooperation project,Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B020220001)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant No.CARS-23)Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)Central public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.Y2017PT52)the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China。
文摘Heat stress causes overgrowth,leaf dryness and fruit malformation,which negatively impacts cucumber quality and yield.Yet,in spite of the devastating consequences of this abiotic stress,few genes for heat tolerance in cucumber have been identified.Here,the heat injury indices of 88 cucumber accessions representing diverse ecotypes were collected in two open-field environments,with naturally occurring high temperatures over two years.Seventeen of the 88 accessions were identified as highly heat-tolerant.Using a genome-wide association study,five loci(gHII3.1,gHII3.2,gHII3.3,gHII4.1 and gHII6.1)on three chromosomes associated with heat tolerance were detected.Pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlation,sequence polymorphisms,and qRT-PCR analyses at these loci,identified five candidate genes predicted to be casual for heat stress response in cucumber.CsaV3_3G04883,CsaV3_4G029050 and CsaV3_6G005370 each had nonsynonymous SNPs,and were significantly up-regulated by heat stress in the heat-tolerant genotypes.CsaV3_3G031890 was also induced by heat stress,but in the heatsensitive genotypes,and sequence polymorphism was only found in the promoter region.Identifying these candidate genes lays a foundation for understanding cucumber thermotolerance mechanisms.Our study is one of the few to examine heat stress in adult cucumber plants and it therefore fills a critical gap in knowledge.It is also an important first-step towards accelerating the breeding of robust heat-tolerant varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52100182 and 52300204)the the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2023RC3122).
文摘Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants have a limited efficiencies of antibiotics resistant bacteria(ARB)disinfection and ARGs degradation and even promote the proliferation of ARGs.Problematically,ARB and ARGs in effluent pose potential risks if they are not further treated.Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising disinfection technology,where the photocatalytic process generates many free radicals that enhance the interaction between light and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)for ARB elimination and subsequent degradation of ARGs.This reviewaims to illustrate the progress of photocatalytic oxidation technology for removing antibiotics resistant(AR)from wastewater in recent years.We discuss the sources and transfer of ARGs in wastewater.The overall removal efficiencies of ultraviolet radiation(UV)/chlorination,UV/ozone,UV/H_(2)O_(2),and UV/sulfate-radical based system for ARB and ARGs,as well as the experimental parameters and removal mechanisms,are systematically discussed.The contribution of photocatalytic materials based on TiO_(2) and g-C_(3)N_(4) to the inactivation of ARB and degradation of ARGs is highlighted,producingmany free radicals to attack ARB and ARGs while effectively limiting the horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in wastewater.Finally,based on the reviewed studies,future research directions are proposed to realize specific photocatalytic oxidation technology applications and overcome current challenges.
