AIM： To reveal the mechanisms of heat-shock transcription factor 4 （HSF4） mutation-induced cataract.METHODS： GSE22362, including 3 HSF4-null lens and 3 wild-type lens, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus dat...AIM： To reveal the mechanisms of heat-shock transcription factor 4 （HSF4） mutation-induced cataract.METHODS： GSE22362, including 3 HSF4-null lens and 3 wild-type lens, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After data preprocessing, the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified using the limma package. Based on Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） tool, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the DEGs. Followed by protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed using STRING database and Cytoscape software. Furthermore, the validated microRNA （miRNA）-DEG pairs were obtained from miRWalk2.0 database, and then miRNA-DEG regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software. RESULTS： A total of 176 DEGs were identified in HSF4-null lens compared with wild-type lens. In the PPI network, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene （FOS）, early growth response 1 （EGR1） and heme oxygenase （decycling） 1 （HMOX1） had higher degrees and could interact with each other. Besides, mmu-miR-15a-5p and mmu-miR-26a-5p were among the top 10 miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. Additionally, mmu-miR-26a-5p could target EGR1 in the regulatory network. CONCLUSION： FOS, EGR1, HMOX1, mmu-miR-26a-5p and mmu-miR-15a-5p might function in the pathogenesis of HSF4 mutation-induced cataract.展开更多
There is a growing need to eliminate antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in the environment and mitigate widespread antibiotic resistance.Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))was successfully synthesized via facile ther...There is a growing need to eliminate antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in the environment and mitigate widespread antibiotic resistance.Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))was successfully synthesized via facile thermal polymerization approach and its pote ntial for adsorption treatment of ARGs in water was examined.Batch adsorption experimental results revealed that g-C_(3)N_(4) powders had robust adsorption activity for the gene ampC and ermB.Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were syste matically investigated to explain the adsorption mechanism.The apparent adsorption equilibrium could be reached within180 min.The adsorption process effectively re moved ARGs(ampC and ermB)from water with 3.2 log and4.2 log reductions,respectively.In addition,experimental data were analyzed by several models and simulated well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model.It indicated that adsorption process might be dominated by the chemical rate-limiting step.Moreover,the effects of temperature and pH on the re moval of ARGs were conducted and the isoelectric point(IEP)was obtained.Finally,we have demonstrated that the g-C_(3)N_(4) is a novel adsorbent and can be used as column packing to remove ARGs by filtration.展开更多
Fruitlet calyx shedding in pear plants is apparently regulated via numerous pathways that involve both environmental triggers and phytohormones cues such as auxin. In this study, we found at 10 days after full bloom (...Fruitlet calyx shedding in pear plants is apparently regulated via numerous pathways that involve both environmental triggers and phytohormones cues such as auxin. In this study, we found at 10 days after full bloom (DAFB) higher levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and tryptophan (Trp) in calyx persistence fruitlet (CPF) than calyx shedding fruitlet (CSF) ofDanshan Suli’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rhed.). Consisting with this, the activity of indolealdehyde oxidase (IAAIdO), which promotes IAA synthesis, was remarkably increased, and that of peroxidase(POD), which degrades IAA, dropped markedly in CPF but not in CSF. Further, qRT-PCR results revealed that most of 31 PbrARFs (encoding auxin response factors) in Pyrus bretschneideri were highly expressed in CPF, whereas PbrARF4, PbrARF24 and PbrARF26 were significantly downregulated in CPF vis-a-vis CSF. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 6 PbrARFs clustered in the group III, where PbrARF4 showed the closest affinity with AtARF1 that promotes organ abscission, indicating a putative role of PbrARF4 in mediating the process of calyx shedding in pear. In fact, the ectopic overexpression of PbrARF4 in Solanum lycopersicum resulted in an earlier-formed and deeper abscission layer (AL) in the transgenic plants, whose calyxes were more prone to wilt at the mature red stage (MR) compared with the control plants (wild-type). More importantly, expression levels of the abscission genes SILS and Sl Cel2 in transgenic plants overexpressing PbrARF4 were significantly upregulated in comparation with the WT, whereas those of Sl BI and Sl TAPG2 were considerably inhibited. Further, PbrJOINTLESS and PbrIDA,the two genes related to calyx shedding in pear, were up-regulated more in CSF than CPF. The findings contribute to a better understanding of PbrARFs involved in fruitlet calyx shedding of pear, which could prove beneficial to improving the quality of pear fruit.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver cancer(LIHC)is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer.The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes.Dysregulated expression of these genes can l...BACKGROUND Liver cancer(LIHC)is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer.The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes.Dysregulated expression of these genes can lead to cell cycle arrest,senescence and/or apoptosis.ING family genes are promising targets for anticancer therapy.However,their role in LIHC is still not well understood.AIM To have a better understanding of the important roles of ING family members in LIHC.METHODS A series of bioinformatics approaches(including gene expression analysis,genetic alteration analysis,survival analysis,immune infiltration analysis,prediction of upstream microRNAs(miRNAs)and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)of ING1,and ING1-related gene functional enrichment analysis)was applied to study the expression profile,clinical relationship,prognostic significance and immune infiltration of ING in LIHC.The relationship between ING family genes expression and tumor associated immune checkpoints was investigated in LIHC.The molecular mechanism of ING1 mediated hepatocarcinogenesis was preliminarily discussed.RESULTS mRNA/protein expression of different ING family genes in LIHC was analyzed in different databases,showing that ING family genes were highly expressed in LIHC.In 47 samples from 366 LIHC patients,the ING family genes were altered at a rate of 13%.By comprehensively analyzing the expression,clinical pathological parameters and prognostic value of ING family genes,ING1/5 was identified.ING1/5 was related to poor prognosis of LIHC,suggesting that they may play key roles in LIHC tumorigenesis and progression.One of the target miRNAs of ING1 was identified as hsa-miR-214-3p.Two upstream lncRNAs of hsa-miR-214-3p,U91328.1,and HCG17,were identified.At the same time,we found that the expression of ING family genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes.CONCLUSION This study lays a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism and clinical value of ING family genes in the treatment and prognosis of LIHC.展开更多
According to synthetic pathway of plant chlorogenic acid （CGA）, the expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with CGA synthesis were studied in normally developed Xuehua pear fruit. The stud...According to synthetic pathway of plant chlorogenic acid （CGA）, the expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with CGA synthesis were studied in normally developed Xuehua pear fruit. The study demonstrated that CGA content in peel and flesh of Xuehua pear decreased as fruit development progressed, with a higher level in peel. The expression levels of PbPAL 1, PbPAL2, PbC3H, PbC4H, Pb4CL 1, Pb4CL2, Pb4CL6, PbHC T1 and PbHC T3 genes decreased in fruit, which was consistent with the pattern of variation in CGA content. That indicated that these genes might be key genes for influencing fruit CGA synthesis in Xuehua pear. However, Pb4CL7 gene expression profile is not consistent with variation of CGA content, hence, it may not be a key gene involved in CGA synthesis.展开更多
Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability...Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability of the detection system, and calculate the level of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in mixtures. The reported ERGs in rice include sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), phospholipase D (PLD), RBE4 and rice root-specific GOS9 genes. Based on the characteristics of ERGs, a new ERG gene, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), was selected, and further compared with the four existing genes. A total of 18 rice varieties and 29 non-rice crops were used to verify the interspecies specificity, intraspecies consistency, sensitivity, stability and reliability of these five ERGs using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Qualitative detection indicated that SPS and PEPC displayed sufficient specificity, and the detection sensitivity was 0.05% and 0.005%, respectively. Although the specificity of both RBE4 and GOS9 were adequate, the amplicons were small and easily confused with primer dimers. Non-specific amplification of the PLD gene was present in maize and potato. Real-time quantitative PCR detection indicated that PLD, SPS and PEPC displayed good specificity, with R2 of the standard curve greater than 0.98, while the amplification efficiency ranged between 90% and 110%. Both the detection sensitivities of PLD and PEPC were five copies and that of SPS was ten copies. RBE4 showed typical amplification in maize, beet and Arabidopsis, while GOS9 was found in maize, tobacco and oats. PEPC exhibited excellent detection sensitivity and species specificity, which made it a potentially useful application in GM-rice supervision and administration. Additionally, SPS and PLD are also suitable for GM-rice detection. This study effectively established a foundation for GMO detection, which not only provides vital technical support for GMO identification, but also is of great significance for enhancing the comparability of detection results, and the standardization of ERG testing in GM-rice.展开更多
We demonstrate the feasibility of performing a systematic screen for human gene functions in Drosophila by assaying for their ability to induce overexpression phenotypes. Over 1 500 transgenic fly lines corresponding ...We demonstrate the feasibility of performing a systematic screen for human gene functions in Drosophila by assaying for their ability to induce overexpression phenotypes. Over 1 500 transgenic fly lines corresponding to 236 human genes have been established. In all, 51 lines are capable of eliciting a phenotype suggesting that the human genes are functional. These heterologous genes are functionally relevant as we have found a similar mutant phenotype caused either by a dominant negative mutant form of the human ribosomal protein L8 gene or by RNAi downregulation of the Drosophila RPL8. Significantly, the Drosophila RPL8 mutant can be rescued by wild-type human RPL8. We also provide genetic evidence that Drosophila RPL8 is a new member of the insulin signaling pathway. In summary, the functions of many human genes appear to be highly conserved, and the ability to identify them in Drosophila represents a powerful genetic tool for large-scale analysis of human transcripts in vivo.展开更多
Objective: To clarify the relationship between loss of DPCA gene expression and pathogenesis of pancreato- biliary carcinoma. Methods: 75 slides of normal duct (20), hyperplasia (15), dysplasia (15), invasive carcinom...Objective: To clarify the relationship between loss of DPCA gene expression and pathogenesis of pancreato- biliary carcinoma. Methods: 75 slides of normal duct (20), hyperplasia (15), dysplasia (15), invasive carcinoma (25) from patients with pancreatic diseases including pancreatic carcinoma (25 patients), chronic pancreatitis (6), pancreas injury (2) and 71 slides of common bile duct (CBD) carcinoma (38), gallbladder carcinoma (18), hilar bile duct (HBD) carcinoma (15) from patients with primary biliary tract carcinoma were analyzed for the expression of DPC4 protein by im- munohistochemical staining. Results: All specimens from 20 cases of normal duct and 15 cases of hyperplasia showed marked expres- sion of DPC4 protein. The frequency of loss expres- sion of the DPC4 gene was 33 % in dysplasia, and 48% in invasive carcinoma. There was a significant statistical difference between byperplasia and dyspla- sia (P<0.01) and in dysplasia vs invasive carcinoma (P<0.05). The frequency of loss expression of the DPC4 gene was 47.3% in CBD carcinoma, 11% in gallbladder carcinoma, and 13% in HBD carcinoma. The frequency of loss expression of the DPCA gene was significantly different in CBD carcinoma vs gall- bladder carcinoma and HBD carcinoma (P<0.01). Conclusions: Inactivation of the DPC4 gene occurs late in the neoplastic progression of pancreatic carci- noma. The frequency of DPC4 gene alternation was different in various locations of biliary tract carcino- ma. In CBD carcinoma, this frequency is similar to that in pancreatic carcinoma, indicating their similar molecular alternations.展开更多
Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.), also known as tumbleweed, is an economically important annual C4 broadleaf weed found throughout the US Great Plains. Several herbicides with different modes of action are used in ...Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.), also known as tumbleweed, is an economically important annual C4 broadleaf weed found throughout the US Great Plains. Several herbicides with different modes of action are used in the management of kochia. The effect of commonly used herbicides on the expression of their target site(s) and photosynthetic/chloroplastic genes is poorly understood in weed species, including kochia. The objective of this research was to characterize the expression profiles of herbicide target-site genes, KspsbA, KsALS, and KsEPSPS upon treatment with PSII- (e.g. atrazine), ALS- (e.g. chlorsulfuron), and EPSPS- (e.g. glyphosate)-inhibitors, respectively, in kochia. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis (e.g. KsRubisco, KsCAB, and KsPPDK) was also determined in response to these herbicide treatments. KspsbA was strongly upregulated (>200-fold) 24 h after atrazine treatment. Transcript levels of the KsALS or KsEPSPS genes were 7 and 3-fold higher 24 h after chlorsulfuron or glyphosate treatment, respectively. KsRubisco, a Calvin cycle gene important for CO2 fixation, was upregulated 7 and 2.6-fold 8 and 24 h after glyphosate and chlorsulfuron treatments, whereas it downregulated 8 and 24 h after atrazine treatment. The transcript levels of KsPPDK remained unchanged after glyphosate treatment but increased 1.8-fold and decreased 2-fold at 24 h after chlorsulfuron and atrazine treatments, respectively. KsCAB remained unchanged after chlorsulfuron treatment, but was downregulated after glyphosate and atrazine treatments. The results show that herbicide treatments not only affect the respective target-site gene expression, but also influence the genes involved in the critical photosynthetic pathway.展开更多
AIM: To search candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on chromosome 4q through detecting high loss of heterozygosity (LOH) regions in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients. METHODS: Thirteen fluorescent l...AIM: To search candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on chromosome 4q through detecting high loss of heterozygosity (LOH) regions in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients. METHODS: Thirteen fluorescent labeled polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 cases of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 3.7 and Genotype 3.7 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. Comparison between LOH frequency and clinicopathological factors were performed by χ2 test. RESULTS: Data were collected on all informative loci. The average LOH frequency on 4q was 28.56%. The D4S2915 locus showed highest LOH frequency (36.17%). Two obvious deletion regions were detected: one between D4S3000 and D4S2915 locus (4q12-21.1), another flanked by D4S407 and D4S2939 locus (4q25-31.1). None case showed complete deletion of 4q, most cases displayed interstitial deletion pattern solely. Furthermore, compared with clinicopathological features, a significant relationship was observed between LOH frequencies on D4S3018locus. In tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, LOH frequency was significantly higher than tumors that were less than 5 cm (56% vs 13.79%, P = 0.01). On D4S1534 locus, LOH was significantly associated with liver metastasis (80% vs 17.25%, P = 0.012). No relationship was detected on other locus compared with clinicopathologial features. CONCLUSION: By high resolution deletion mapping, two high frequency regions of LOH (4q12-21.1 and 4q25-31.1) were detected, which may contribute to locate TSGs on chromosome 4q involved in carcinogenesis and progression of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.展开更多
Objective:To conduct a comparative analysis of the VP4 gene sequences of Indian wild type (06361,0613158,061060 and 0715880) and cell culture adapted(06361-CA,0613158-CA.061060- CA and 0715880-CA) G1P[8]rotavirus stra...Objective:To conduct a comparative analysis of the VP4 gene sequences of Indian wild type (06361,0613158,061060 and 0715880) and cell culture adapted(06361-CA,0613158-CA.061060- CA and 0715880-CA) G1P[8]rotavirus strains.Methods:Full-length VP4 genes of each of the four wild type G1P[8]rotavirus strains and their cell culture adapted counterparts displaying consistent cytopathic effect were subjected to RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing. Results:All four cell culture adapted G1P[8]rotavirus strains showed nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the VP4 gene as compared to their wild type strains.The number of substitutions however,varied from 1-64 and 1-13 respectively.The substitutions were distributed in both VP5* and VP8* subunits of VP4 gene respectively of permeabilizalion and hemagglutinaling activity. The presence of unique amino acid substitutions was identified in two of the four wild type(V377G. S387N in 061060 and 1644L in 0715880) and all four cell culture adapted(A46V in 0613158-CA. T60R in 06361-CA,L237V.G389V and Q480H in 061060-CA and S615G and T625P in 0715880-CA) strains for the first time in the VP4 gene of P[8]specificity.Amino acid substitutions generated increase in the hydrophilicity in the cell culture adapted rotavirus strains as compared to their corresponding wild type strains.Conclusions:Amino acid substitutions detected in the VP4 genes of G1P[8]rotavirus strains from this study together with those from other studies highlight occurrence of only strain and/or host specific substitutions during cell culture adaptation. Further evaluation of such substitutions for their role in attenuation,immunogenicity and conformation is needed for the development of newer rolavirus vaccines.展开更多
AIM: To study the candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) on chromosome 4p by detecting the high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients.METHODS: Seven fluorescent...AIM: To study the candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) on chromosome 4p by detecting the high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients.METHODS: Seven fluorescent labeled polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 cases of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue DNA by PCR. PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 3.7 and Genotype 3.7 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. The same procedure was performed by the other six microsatellite markers spanning D4S3013 locus to make further detailed deletion mapping. Comparison between LOH frequency and clinicopathological factors was performed by χ2 test.RESULTS: Data were collected from all informative loci. The average LOH frequency on 4p was 24.25%, and 42.3% and 35.62% on D4S405 and D4S3013 locus, respectively. Adjacent markers of D4S3013 displayed a low LOH frequency (< 30%) by detailed deletion mapping. Significant opposite difference was observed between LOH frequency and tumor diameter on D4S412 and D4S1546 locus (0% vs 16.67%, P = 0.041; 54.55% vs 11.11%, P = 0.034, respectively). On D4S403 locus, LOH was significantly associated with tumor gross pattern (11.11%, 0, 33.33%, P = 0.030). No relationship was detected on other loci compared with clinicopathologial features.CONCLUSION: By deletion mapping, two obvious high frequency LOH regions spanning D4S3013 (4p15.2) and D4S405 (4p14) locus are detected. Candidate TSG, which is involved in carcinogenesis and progression of sporadic colorectal carcinoma on chromosome 4p, may be located between D4S3017 and D4S2933 (about 1.7 cm).展开更多
Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development stages.Barley is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitat...Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development stages.Barley is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitative trait loci(QTL)for salinity tolerance during germination on the short arm of chromosome 2 H using a CM72/Gairdner doubled haploid(DH)population.Here,we narrowed down the major QTL to a region of 0.341 or 0.439 Mb containing 9 or 24 candidate genes belonging to 6 or 20 functional gene families according to barley reference genomes v1 and v3 respectively,using two DH populations of CM72/Gairdner and Skiff/CM72,F_(2)and F;generations of CM72/Gairdner/;Spartacus CL,Two Receptorlike kinase 4(RLPK4)v1 or Receptor-like kinase(RLK)v3 could be the candidates for enhanced germination under salinity stress because of their upregulated expression in salt-tolerant variety CM72.Besides,several insertion/deletion polymorphisms were identified within the 3 rd exon of the genes between CM72 and Gairdner.The sequence variations resulted in shifted functional protein domains,which may be associated with differences in salinity tolerance.Two molecular markers were designed for selecting the locus with receptor-like protein kinase 4,and one was inside HORVU2 Hr1 G111760.1 or HORVU.MOREX.r3.2 HG0202810.1.The diagnostic markers will allow for pyramiding of 2 H locus in barley varieties and facilitate genetic improvement for saline soils.Further,validation of the genes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhancing salinity tolerance at germination and designing RLPK4 specific markers is proposed.For this publication,all the analysis was based on barley reference genome of2017(v1),and it was used throughout for consistence.However,the positions of the markers and genes identified were updated according to new genome(v3)for reference.展开更多
Objective：To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 4B（HCV NS4B） on c-Myc, P53, ras gene expression＂ and apoptosis in hepatic cells and study the possible role that NS4B played in the c...Objective：To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 4B（HCV NS4B） on c-Myc, P53, ras gene expression＂ and apoptosis in hepatic cells and study the possible role that NS4B played in the carcinogenesis of heparoma. Methods： The recombinant plasmid（PCXN2-NS4B, PCXN2-P53） and the empty, vector were transfected or co-transfected into Chang liver cells with liposome. Screening was performed with G418. Plasmid mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The pro rein expressions of c-Myc and ras genes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The expressions of wild-type P53 （wtp53） gene were detected by in situ hybridization. TUNEL（flow cytometry） was used for assessing the rate of apoptosis. Results：No expression of c-Myc gene was found in PCXN2 group. The expression of c-Myc gene in NS4B group was 21.3% ＋ 1.2%. The ex pression of ras gene in PCXN2 group was lower than that in NS4B group. Compared with PCXN2 group, the expression of P53 mRNA was not promoted or inhibited in NS4B group. But the expression of P53 mRNA in NS4B-P53 group was lower than that in P53 group. In PCXN2, NS4B, P53 and NS4B-P53 group, the rates of apoptosis were 17.02% ± 1.24%, 11.94% ± 2.24%, 25.84% ± 3.49% and 18.34% ± 1.55% respectively. Conclusion ：HCV NS4B induces the expression of c-Myc and ras gene. HCV NS4B may play a role in the inhibition of cell death through P53-dependent manner. Results from this study suggested that HCV NS4B might contribute to the viral carcinogenesis.展开更多
Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air duri...Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air during the low tide and produces large quantities of mucus as an external covering. The relation between low tide and mucus secretion is still unclear, and what is the role of mucin during arial exposure is not yet investigated. This study hypothesised that the mucin genes in A. veratra would have significantly high expression in response to aerial exposure. Therefore, the aim of current study was to examine and analyses the response of A. veratra mucins in response to an experiment involving three hours of aerial exposure. To achieve this, aim the RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the expression profile of A. veratra mucin genes in response to aerial exposure. The generated results have shown that, Mucin4-like and mucin5B-like were up-regulated in response to the three hours of aerial exposure in A. veratra. This finding shows a significant role of mucin5B-like and mucin4-like genes in response to air stress at low tide. The data generated from this study could be used in conjunction with future mucin gene studies of sea anemones and other cnidarians to compare A. veratra mucin gene expression results across time, and to extend our understanding of mucin stress response in this phylum.展开更多
The processes of tumorigenesis and development are intricate,involving numerous genes and molecular pathways.Fusion genes,direct products of abnormal chromosomal rearrangements,are key factors in the formation of many...The processes of tumorigenesis and development are intricate,involving numerous genes and molecular pathways.Fusion genes,direct products of abnormal chromosomal rearrangements,are key factors in the formation of many types of tumors.In recent years,the advent of sequencing technology and bioinformatics has led to the discovery of more fusion genes associated with specific types of tumors.The objective of this review is to undertake a comprehensive examination of the discovery and functional mechanisms of fusion genes present in a range of cancers.This will include an analysis of their impact on the biological properties of tumor cells.This review will examine the most prevalent types of fusion genes observed in representative tumor types,including hematological tumors,lung cancer,soft tissue sarcomas,thyroid cancer,and prostate cancer.We provide an overview of the roles and clinical significance of fusion genes,as well as a summarization of the therapeutic strategies for fusion genes,including the application of targeted drugs and related studies.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the function of fusion genes in the development and treatment of tumors,providing guidance and insights for future research and clinical practice.展开更多
Temperature is a crucial environmental cue that governs plant growth and adaptation in natural habitats.PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4(PIF4)functions as a central regulator promoting thermomor-phogenesis in Arabidop...Temperature is a crucial environmental cue that governs plant growth and adaptation in natural habitats.PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4(PIF4)functions as a central regulator promoting thermomor-phogenesis in Arabidopsis.An understanding of its precise regulation is essential for optimal thermomor-phogenic growth.Here,we identified two BBX proteins,BBX24 and BBX25,as novel components of the PIF4-mediated thermosensory pathway that promote growth at elevated temperatures.Single and double mutants of bbx24 and bbx25 exhibit moderate to strong temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growth.Elevated temperatures induce BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression and protein accumulation.Ge-netic and biochemical analyses reveal that BBX24 and BBX25 enhance PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth by counteracting ELF3,a key component of the evening complex.Whereas ELF3 represses BBX24 and BBX25 gene expression at low ambient temperatures during the evening,the inhibition of ELF3 activity under elevated temperatures increases BBX24 and BBX25 activity.Moreover,BBX24 and BBX25 suppress ELF3 function through direct physical interaction,likely relieving its repression of PIF4 and enhancing thermomorphogenesis.These findings identify the ELF3–BBX24/BBX25–PIF4 axis as a key regulatory module controlling plant growth and development in response to temperature cues.展开更多
Pre-exposure to a stress may alter the plant＇s cellular, biochemical, and/or transcriptional responses during future encounters as a ＂memory＇ from the previous stress. Genes increasing transcription in response to ...Pre-exposure to a stress may alter the plant＇s cellular, biochemical, and/or transcriptional responses during future encounters as a ＂memory＇ from the previous stress. Genes increasing transcription in response to a first dehydra- tion stress, but producing much higher transcript levels in a subsequent stress, represent the super-induced ＇transcription memory＇ genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The chromatin environment （histone H3 tri-methylations of Lys 4 and Lys 27, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3） studied at five dehydration stress memory genes revealed existence of distinct memory- response subclasses that responded differently to CLF deficiency and displayed different transcriptional activities dur- ing the watered recovery periods. Among the most important findings is the novel aspect of the H3K27me3 function observed at specific dehydration stress memory genes. In contrast to its well-known role as a chromatin repressive mechanism at developmentally regulated genes, H3K27me3 did not prevent transcription from the dehydration stress- responding genes. The high H3K27me3 levels present during transcriptionally inactive states did not interfere with the transition to active transcription and with H3K4me3 accumulation. H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks function indepen- dently and are not mutually exclusive at the dehydration stress-responding memory genes.展开更多
Recessive resistance mediated by mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E),has proven effective against diverse potyviruses and is extensively utilized in breeding programs.However,the rise o...Recessive resistance mediated by mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E),has proven effective against diverse potyviruses and is extensively utilized in breeding programs.However,the rise of resistance-breaking(RB)strains and emerging potyviral species necessitates the development of more durable and broad-spectrum resistance strategies.In this study,our field survey in Yunnan,China,identified potato virus Y(PVY)RB isolates,as well as the prevalence of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus(TVBMV)and chilli veinal mottle virus(ChiVMV),in tobacco carrying the recessive va locus,which lacks the eIF4E1-S susceptibility gene,due to a chromosomal deletion.Protein interaction and viral infection assays demonstrated that both eIF4E1-S and eIFiso4E-T are used by PVY RB as susceptibility factors for infection,with the combined inactivation of these genes confering durable resistance.Similarly,the knockout of eIFiso4E-S,in the va genetic background,provided effective resistance to TVBMV and reduced susceptibility to ChiVMV.Notably,pyramiding mutations in eIFiso4E-S and eIFiso4E-T,in va tobacco,generated plants exhibiting robust,broad-spectrum resistance,to all three viruses,without compromising plant development.These findings underscore the potential of stacking eIF4E mutations to engineer durable,broad-spectrum resistance to potyviruses in tobacco,offering a promising strategy for crop improvement.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Developing Scheme of Jilin Province(No.20150414038GH)
文摘AIM： To reveal the mechanisms of heat-shock transcription factor 4 （HSF4） mutation-induced cataract.METHODS： GSE22362, including 3 HSF4-null lens and 3 wild-type lens, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After data preprocessing, the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified using the limma package. Based on Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） tool, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the DEGs. Followed by protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed using STRING database and Cytoscape software. Furthermore, the validated microRNA （miRNA）-DEG pairs were obtained from miRWalk2.0 database, and then miRNA-DEG regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software. RESULTS： A total of 176 DEGs were identified in HSF4-null lens compared with wild-type lens. In the PPI network, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene （FOS）, early growth response 1 （EGR1） and heme oxygenase （decycling） 1 （HMOX1） had higher degrees and could interact with each other. Besides, mmu-miR-15a-5p and mmu-miR-26a-5p were among the top 10 miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. Additionally, mmu-miR-26a-5p could target EGR1 in the regulatory network. CONCLUSION： FOS, EGR1, HMOX1, mmu-miR-26a-5p and mmu-miR-15a-5p might function in the pathogenesis of HSF4 mutation-induced cataract.
基金the financially support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as general projects(Nos.21677080 and 21722702)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019202078)。
文摘There is a growing need to eliminate antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in the environment and mitigate widespread antibiotic resistance.Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))was successfully synthesized via facile thermal polymerization approach and its pote ntial for adsorption treatment of ARGs in water was examined.Batch adsorption experimental results revealed that g-C_(3)N_(4) powders had robust adsorption activity for the gene ampC and ermB.Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were syste matically investigated to explain the adsorption mechanism.The apparent adsorption equilibrium could be reached within180 min.The adsorption process effectively re moved ARGs(ampC and ermB)from water with 3.2 log and4.2 log reductions,respectively.In addition,experimental data were analyzed by several models and simulated well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model.It indicated that adsorption process might be dominated by the chemical rate-limiting step.Moreover,the effects of temperature and pH on the re moval of ARGs were conducted and the isoelectric point(IEP)was obtained.Finally,we have demonstrated that the g-C_(3)N_(4) is a novel adsorbent and can be used as column packing to remove ARGs by filtration.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (Grant No.CARS-28-14)。
文摘Fruitlet calyx shedding in pear plants is apparently regulated via numerous pathways that involve both environmental triggers and phytohormones cues such as auxin. In this study, we found at 10 days after full bloom (DAFB) higher levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and tryptophan (Trp) in calyx persistence fruitlet (CPF) than calyx shedding fruitlet (CSF) ofDanshan Suli’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rhed.). Consisting with this, the activity of indolealdehyde oxidase (IAAIdO), which promotes IAA synthesis, was remarkably increased, and that of peroxidase(POD), which degrades IAA, dropped markedly in CPF but not in CSF. Further, qRT-PCR results revealed that most of 31 PbrARFs (encoding auxin response factors) in Pyrus bretschneideri were highly expressed in CPF, whereas PbrARF4, PbrARF24 and PbrARF26 were significantly downregulated in CPF vis-a-vis CSF. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 6 PbrARFs clustered in the group III, where PbrARF4 showed the closest affinity with AtARF1 that promotes organ abscission, indicating a putative role of PbrARF4 in mediating the process of calyx shedding in pear. In fact, the ectopic overexpression of PbrARF4 in Solanum lycopersicum resulted in an earlier-formed and deeper abscission layer (AL) in the transgenic plants, whose calyxes were more prone to wilt at the mature red stage (MR) compared with the control plants (wild-type). More importantly, expression levels of the abscission genes SILS and Sl Cel2 in transgenic plants overexpressing PbrARF4 were significantly upregulated in comparation with the WT, whereas those of Sl BI and Sl TAPG2 were considerably inhibited. Further, PbrJOINTLESS and PbrIDA,the two genes related to calyx shedding in pear, were up-regulated more in CSF than CPF. The findings contribute to a better understanding of PbrARFs involved in fruitlet calyx shedding of pear, which could prove beneficial to improving the quality of pear fruit.
基金Supported by Talent Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Wannan Medical College,No.WYRCQD2023045.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cancer(LIHC)is a malignant tumor that occurs in the liver and has a high mortality in cancer.The ING family genes were identified as tumor suppressor genes.Dysregulated expression of these genes can lead to cell cycle arrest,senescence and/or apoptosis.ING family genes are promising targets for anticancer therapy.However,their role in LIHC is still not well understood.AIM To have a better understanding of the important roles of ING family members in LIHC.METHODS A series of bioinformatics approaches(including gene expression analysis,genetic alteration analysis,survival analysis,immune infiltration analysis,prediction of upstream microRNAs(miRNAs)and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)of ING1,and ING1-related gene functional enrichment analysis)was applied to study the expression profile,clinical relationship,prognostic significance and immune infiltration of ING in LIHC.The relationship between ING family genes expression and tumor associated immune checkpoints was investigated in LIHC.The molecular mechanism of ING1 mediated hepatocarcinogenesis was preliminarily discussed.RESULTS mRNA/protein expression of different ING family genes in LIHC was analyzed in different databases,showing that ING family genes were highly expressed in LIHC.In 47 samples from 366 LIHC patients,the ING family genes were altered at a rate of 13%.By comprehensively analyzing the expression,clinical pathological parameters and prognostic value of ING family genes,ING1/5 was identified.ING1/5 was related to poor prognosis of LIHC,suggesting that they may play key roles in LIHC tumorigenesis and progression.One of the target miRNAs of ING1 was identified as hsa-miR-214-3p.Two upstream lncRNAs of hsa-miR-214-3p,U91328.1,and HCG17,were identified.At the same time,we found that the expression of ING family genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes.CONCLUSION This study lays a foundation for further research on the potential mechanism and clinical value of ING family genes in the treatment and prognosis of LIHC.
基金supported by the Specific Financial Funds of Hebei Province,China (494-0502-JSN-7FB3)
文摘According to synthetic pathway of plant chlorogenic acid （CGA）, the expression patterns of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with CGA synthesis were studied in normally developed Xuehua pear fruit. The study demonstrated that CGA content in peel and flesh of Xuehua pear decreased as fruit development progressed, with a higher level in peel. The expression levels of PbPAL 1, PbPAL2, PbC3H, PbC4H, Pb4CL 1, Pb4CL2, Pb4CL6, PbHC T1 and PbHC T3 genes decreased in fruit, which was consistent with the pattern of variation in CGA content. That indicated that these genes might be key genes for influencing fruit CGA synthesis in Xuehua pear. However, Pb4CL7 gene expression profile is not consistent with variation of CGA content, hence, it may not be a key gene involved in CGA synthesis.
文摘Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability of the detection system, and calculate the level of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in mixtures. The reported ERGs in rice include sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), phospholipase D (PLD), RBE4 and rice root-specific GOS9 genes. Based on the characteristics of ERGs, a new ERG gene, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), was selected, and further compared with the four existing genes. A total of 18 rice varieties and 29 non-rice crops were used to verify the interspecies specificity, intraspecies consistency, sensitivity, stability and reliability of these five ERGs using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Qualitative detection indicated that SPS and PEPC displayed sufficient specificity, and the detection sensitivity was 0.05% and 0.005%, respectively. Although the specificity of both RBE4 and GOS9 were adequate, the amplicons were small and easily confused with primer dimers. Non-specific amplification of the PLD gene was present in maize and potato. Real-time quantitative PCR detection indicated that PLD, SPS and PEPC displayed good specificity, with R2 of the standard curve greater than 0.98, while the amplification efficiency ranged between 90% and 110%. Both the detection sensitivities of PLD and PEPC were five copies and that of SPS was ten copies. RBE4 showed typical amplification in maize, beet and Arabidopsis, while GOS9 was found in maize, tobacco and oats. PEPC exhibited excellent detection sensitivity and species specificity, which made it a potentially useful application in GM-rice supervision and administration. Additionally, SPS and PLD are also suitable for GM-rice detection. This study effectively established a foundation for GMO detection, which not only provides vital technical support for GMO identification, but also is of great significance for enhancing the comparability of detection results, and the standardization of ERG testing in GM-rice.
基金We are grateful to Xizhi Ma, Junnian Zhou, Tianhong Xu, Xu Liu, Xu Ding, Yang Liu, Ying Peng, Congwu Chi, Yiying Shang, Mingyao Ying, Sheng Ding, Lei Sun, Lei Tian, Huanhu Zhu, Hua Huang, Hongmei Li, and Xiaomo Wu for cDNA constructs and partial transgenic work, and Lihui Zhou （East China University of Science and Technology, China） for scanning electron microscopy. We thank Duc Nguyen （Yale University, USA） for critical reading and editing of this manuscript. This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 30030080, 39970408 and 30470840）, National Basic Research Program of China （973） （Grant No. 2006CB806700）.
文摘We demonstrate the feasibility of performing a systematic screen for human gene functions in Drosophila by assaying for their ability to induce overexpression phenotypes. Over 1 500 transgenic fly lines corresponding to 236 human genes have been established. In all, 51 lines are capable of eliciting a phenotype suggesting that the human genes are functional. These heterologous genes are functionally relevant as we have found a similar mutant phenotype caused either by a dominant negative mutant form of the human ribosomal protein L8 gene or by RNAi downregulation of the Drosophila RPL8. Significantly, the Drosophila RPL8 mutant can be rescued by wild-type human RPL8. We also provide genetic evidence that Drosophila RPL8 is a new member of the insulin signaling pathway. In summary, the functions of many human genes appear to be highly conserved, and the ability to identify them in Drosophila represents a powerful genetic tool for large-scale analysis of human transcripts in vivo.
文摘Objective: To clarify the relationship between loss of DPCA gene expression and pathogenesis of pancreato- biliary carcinoma. Methods: 75 slides of normal duct (20), hyperplasia (15), dysplasia (15), invasive carcinoma (25) from patients with pancreatic diseases including pancreatic carcinoma (25 patients), chronic pancreatitis (6), pancreas injury (2) and 71 slides of common bile duct (CBD) carcinoma (38), gallbladder carcinoma (18), hilar bile duct (HBD) carcinoma (15) from patients with primary biliary tract carcinoma were analyzed for the expression of DPC4 protein by im- munohistochemical staining. Results: All specimens from 20 cases of normal duct and 15 cases of hyperplasia showed marked expres- sion of DPC4 protein. The frequency of loss expres- sion of the DPC4 gene was 33 % in dysplasia, and 48% in invasive carcinoma. There was a significant statistical difference between byperplasia and dyspla- sia (P<0.01) and in dysplasia vs invasive carcinoma (P<0.05). The frequency of loss expression of the DPC4 gene was 47.3% in CBD carcinoma, 11% in gallbladder carcinoma, and 13% in HBD carcinoma. The frequency of loss expression of the DPCA gene was significantly different in CBD carcinoma vs gall- bladder carcinoma and HBD carcinoma (P<0.01). Conclusions: Inactivation of the DPC4 gene occurs late in the neoplastic progression of pancreatic carci- noma. The frequency of DPC4 gene alternation was different in various locations of biliary tract carcino- ma. In CBD carcinoma, this frequency is similar to that in pancreatic carcinoma, indicating their similar molecular alternations.
文摘Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.), also known as tumbleweed, is an economically important annual C4 broadleaf weed found throughout the US Great Plains. Several herbicides with different modes of action are used in the management of kochia. The effect of commonly used herbicides on the expression of their target site(s) and photosynthetic/chloroplastic genes is poorly understood in weed species, including kochia. The objective of this research was to characterize the expression profiles of herbicide target-site genes, KspsbA, KsALS, and KsEPSPS upon treatment with PSII- (e.g. atrazine), ALS- (e.g. chlorsulfuron), and EPSPS- (e.g. glyphosate)-inhibitors, respectively, in kochia. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis (e.g. KsRubisco, KsCAB, and KsPPDK) was also determined in response to these herbicide treatments. KspsbA was strongly upregulated (>200-fold) 24 h after atrazine treatment. Transcript levels of the KsALS or KsEPSPS genes were 7 and 3-fold higher 24 h after chlorsulfuron or glyphosate treatment, respectively. KsRubisco, a Calvin cycle gene important for CO2 fixation, was upregulated 7 and 2.6-fold 8 and 24 h after glyphosate and chlorsulfuron treatments, whereas it downregulated 8 and 24 h after atrazine treatment. The transcript levels of KsPPDK remained unchanged after glyphosate treatment but increased 1.8-fold and decreased 2-fold at 24 h after chlorsulfuron and atrazine treatments, respectively. KsCAB remained unchanged after chlorsulfuron treatment, but was downregulated after glyphosate and atrazine treatments. The results show that herbicide treatments not only affect the respective target-site gene expression, but also influence the genes involved in the critical photosynthetic pathway.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30080016 and No. 30470977
文摘AIM: To search candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on chromosome 4q through detecting high loss of heterozygosity (LOH) regions in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients. METHODS: Thirteen fluorescent labeled polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 cases of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 3.7 and Genotype 3.7 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. Comparison between LOH frequency and clinicopathological factors were performed by χ2 test. RESULTS: Data were collected on all informative loci. The average LOH frequency on 4q was 28.56%. The D4S2915 locus showed highest LOH frequency (36.17%). Two obvious deletion regions were detected: one between D4S3000 and D4S2915 locus (4q12-21.1), another flanked by D4S407 and D4S2939 locus (4q25-31.1). None case showed complete deletion of 4q, most cases displayed interstitial deletion pattern solely. Furthermore, compared with clinicopathological features, a significant relationship was observed between LOH frequencies on D4S3018locus. In tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, LOH frequency was significantly higher than tumors that were less than 5 cm (56% vs 13.79%, P = 0.01). On D4S1534 locus, LOH was significantly associated with liver metastasis (80% vs 17.25%, P = 0.012). No relationship was detected on other locus compared with clinicopathologial features. CONCLUSION: By high resolution deletion mapping, two high frequency regions of LOH (4q12-21.1 and 4q25-31.1) were detected, which may contribute to locate TSGs on chromosome 4q involved in carcinogenesis and progression of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.
基金supported by National Institute of Virology(NIV,Indian Council of Medical Research, Govt.of India),Pune
文摘Objective:To conduct a comparative analysis of the VP4 gene sequences of Indian wild type (06361,0613158,061060 and 0715880) and cell culture adapted(06361-CA,0613158-CA.061060- CA and 0715880-CA) G1P[8]rotavirus strains.Methods:Full-length VP4 genes of each of the four wild type G1P[8]rotavirus strains and their cell culture adapted counterparts displaying consistent cytopathic effect were subjected to RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing. Results:All four cell culture adapted G1P[8]rotavirus strains showed nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the VP4 gene as compared to their wild type strains.The number of substitutions however,varied from 1-64 and 1-13 respectively.The substitutions were distributed in both VP5* and VP8* subunits of VP4 gene respectively of permeabilizalion and hemagglutinaling activity. The presence of unique amino acid substitutions was identified in two of the four wild type(V377G. S387N in 061060 and 1644L in 0715880) and all four cell culture adapted(A46V in 0613158-CA. T60R in 06361-CA,L237V.G389V and Q480H in 061060-CA and S615G and T625P in 0715880-CA) strains for the first time in the VP4 gene of P[8]specificity.Amino acid substitutions generated increase in the hydrophilicity in the cell culture adapted rotavirus strains as compared to their corresponding wild type strains.Conclusions:Amino acid substitutions detected in the VP4 genes of G1P[8]rotavirus strains from this study together with those from other studies highlight occurrence of only strain and/or host specific substitutions during cell culture adaptation. Further evaluation of such substitutions for their role in attenuation,immunogenicity and conformation is needed for the development of newer rolavirus vaccines.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30080016 and No. 30470977
文摘AIM: To study the candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) on chromosome 4p by detecting the high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in sporadic colorectal carcinoma in Chinese patients.METHODS: Seven fluorescent labeled polymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 cases of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue DNA by PCR. PCR products were eletrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 3.7 and Genotype 3.7 software were used for LOH scanning and analysis. The same procedure was performed by the other six microsatellite markers spanning D4S3013 locus to make further detailed deletion mapping. Comparison between LOH frequency and clinicopathological factors was performed by χ2 test.RESULTS: Data were collected from all informative loci. The average LOH frequency on 4p was 24.25%, and 42.3% and 35.62% on D4S405 and D4S3013 locus, respectively. Adjacent markers of D4S3013 displayed a low LOH frequency (< 30%) by detailed deletion mapping. Significant opposite difference was observed between LOH frequency and tumor diameter on D4S412 and D4S1546 locus (0% vs 16.67%, P = 0.041; 54.55% vs 11.11%, P = 0.034, respectively). On D4S403 locus, LOH was significantly associated with tumor gross pattern (11.11%, 0, 33.33%, P = 0.030). No relationship was detected on other loci compared with clinicopathologial features.CONCLUSION: By deletion mapping, two obvious high frequency LOH regions spanning D4S3013 (4p15.2) and D4S405 (4p14) locus are detected. Candidate TSG, which is involved in carcinogenesis and progression of sporadic colorectal carcinoma on chromosome 4p, may be located between D4S3017 and D4S2933 (about 1.7 cm).
基金Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation(GRDC)grant IDUmu00046Graduate Research Funds from Murdoch University。
文摘Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development stages.Barley is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitative trait loci(QTL)for salinity tolerance during germination on the short arm of chromosome 2 H using a CM72/Gairdner doubled haploid(DH)population.Here,we narrowed down the major QTL to a region of 0.341 or 0.439 Mb containing 9 or 24 candidate genes belonging to 6 or 20 functional gene families according to barley reference genomes v1 and v3 respectively,using two DH populations of CM72/Gairdner and Skiff/CM72,F_(2)and F;generations of CM72/Gairdner/;Spartacus CL,Two Receptorlike kinase 4(RLPK4)v1 or Receptor-like kinase(RLK)v3 could be the candidates for enhanced germination under salinity stress because of their upregulated expression in salt-tolerant variety CM72.Besides,several insertion/deletion polymorphisms were identified within the 3 rd exon of the genes between CM72 and Gairdner.The sequence variations resulted in shifted functional protein domains,which may be associated with differences in salinity tolerance.Two molecular markers were designed for selecting the locus with receptor-like protein kinase 4,and one was inside HORVU2 Hr1 G111760.1 or HORVU.MOREX.r3.2 HG0202810.1.The diagnostic markers will allow for pyramiding of 2 H locus in barley varieties and facilitate genetic improvement for saline soils.Further,validation of the genes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhancing salinity tolerance at germination and designing RLPK4 specific markers is proposed.For this publication,all the analysis was based on barley reference genome of2017(v1),and it was used throughout for consistence.However,the positions of the markers and genes identified were updated according to new genome(v3)for reference.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(20003531)
文摘Objective：To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 4B（HCV NS4B） on c-Myc, P53, ras gene expression＂ and apoptosis in hepatic cells and study the possible role that NS4B played in the carcinogenesis of heparoma. Methods： The recombinant plasmid（PCXN2-NS4B, PCXN2-P53） and the empty, vector were transfected or co-transfected into Chang liver cells with liposome. Screening was performed with G418. Plasmid mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The pro rein expressions of c-Myc and ras genes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The expressions of wild-type P53 （wtp53） gene were detected by in situ hybridization. TUNEL（flow cytometry） was used for assessing the rate of apoptosis. Results：No expression of c-Myc gene was found in PCXN2 group. The expression of c-Myc gene in NS4B group was 21.3% ＋ 1.2%. The ex pression of ras gene in PCXN2 group was lower than that in NS4B group. Compared with PCXN2 group, the expression of P53 mRNA was not promoted or inhibited in NS4B group. But the expression of P53 mRNA in NS4B-P53 group was lower than that in P53 group. In PCXN2, NS4B, P53 and NS4B-P53 group, the rates of apoptosis were 17.02% ± 1.24%, 11.94% ± 2.24%, 25.84% ± 3.49% and 18.34% ± 1.55% respectively. Conclusion ：HCV NS4B induces the expression of c-Myc and ras gene. HCV NS4B may play a role in the inhibition of cell death through P53-dependent manner. Results from this study suggested that HCV NS4B might contribute to the viral carcinogenesis.
文摘Mucin genes are the main component of mucus. The sea anemone species, Aulactinia veratra (Phylum Cnidaria) contains different types of mucin genes. In the intertidal zone, A. veratra is found to be exposed to air during the low tide and produces large quantities of mucus as an external covering. The relation between low tide and mucus secretion is still unclear, and what is the role of mucin during arial exposure is not yet investigated. This study hypothesised that the mucin genes in A. veratra would have significantly high expression in response to aerial exposure. Therefore, the aim of current study was to examine and analyses the response of A. veratra mucins in response to an experiment involving three hours of aerial exposure. To achieve this, aim the RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the expression profile of A. veratra mucin genes in response to aerial exposure. The generated results have shown that, Mucin4-like and mucin5B-like were up-regulated in response to the three hours of aerial exposure in A. veratra. This finding shows a significant role of mucin5B-like and mucin4-like genes in response to air stress at low tide. The data generated from this study could be used in conjunction with future mucin gene studies of sea anemones and other cnidarians to compare A. veratra mucin gene expression results across time, and to extend our understanding of mucin stress response in this phylum.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302987,82303534,82203233,82202966,82173142)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ4025,2023JJ60469,2023JJ40413,2023JJ40417,2023JJ30372,2023JJ30375)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2024RC3231,2023ZJ1122,2023RC3199,2023SK4034,2023RC1073)the Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province,China(No.R2023040,Z2023086,R2023093,202203034978,202202055318)the Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan(Hunan,China)(No.ZX2020001-3,YF2020002,2023NSFC-A001,2023NSFC-A002,2023NSFC-A004).
文摘The processes of tumorigenesis and development are intricate,involving numerous genes and molecular pathways.Fusion genes,direct products of abnormal chromosomal rearrangements,are key factors in the formation of many types of tumors.In recent years,the advent of sequencing technology and bioinformatics has led to the discovery of more fusion genes associated with specific types of tumors.The objective of this review is to undertake a comprehensive examination of the discovery and functional mechanisms of fusion genes present in a range of cancers.This will include an analysis of their impact on the biological properties of tumor cells.This review will examine the most prevalent types of fusion genes observed in representative tumor types,including hematological tumors,lung cancer,soft tissue sarcomas,thyroid cancer,and prostate cancer.We provide an overview of the roles and clinical significance of fusion genes,as well as a summarization of the therapeutic strategies for fusion genes,including the application of targeted drugs and related studies.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the function of fusion genes in the development and treatment of tumors,providing guidance and insights for future research and clinical practice.
基金supported by grants from the Department of Biotechnol-ogy(Ramalingaswami Fellowship Grant,BT/RLF/Re-entry/28/2017)Sci-ence and Engineering Research Board(Start-up Research Grant,SRG/2019/000446)+1 种基金Anusandhan National Research Foundation(Core Research Grant,CRG/2023/001553)Intramural grant(IISER Kolkata),Ministry of Education(MoE/STARS-1/416),Government of India.
文摘Temperature is a crucial environmental cue that governs plant growth and adaptation in natural habitats.PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4(PIF4)functions as a central regulator promoting thermomor-phogenesis in Arabidopsis.An understanding of its precise regulation is essential for optimal thermomor-phogenic growth.Here,we identified two BBX proteins,BBX24 and BBX25,as novel components of the PIF4-mediated thermosensory pathway that promote growth at elevated temperatures.Single and double mutants of bbx24 and bbx25 exhibit moderate to strong temperature-insensitive hypocotyl and cotyledon growth.Elevated temperatures induce BBX24 and BBX25 mRNA expression and protein accumulation.Ge-netic and biochemical analyses reveal that BBX24 and BBX25 enhance PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth by counteracting ELF3,a key component of the evening complex.Whereas ELF3 represses BBX24 and BBX25 gene expression at low ambient temperatures during the evening,the inhibition of ELF3 activity under elevated temperatures increases BBX24 and BBX25 activity.Moreover,BBX24 and BBX25 suppress ELF3 function through direct physical interaction,likely relieving its repression of PIF4 and enhancing thermomorphogenesis.These findings identify the ELF3–BBX24/BBX25–PIF4 axis as a key regulatory module controlling plant growth and development in response to temperature cues.
文摘Pre-exposure to a stress may alter the plant＇s cellular, biochemical, and/or transcriptional responses during future encounters as a ＂memory＇ from the previous stress. Genes increasing transcription in response to a first dehydra- tion stress, but producing much higher transcript levels in a subsequent stress, represent the super-induced ＇transcription memory＇ genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The chromatin environment （histone H3 tri-methylations of Lys 4 and Lys 27, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3） studied at five dehydration stress memory genes revealed existence of distinct memory- response subclasses that responded differently to CLF deficiency and displayed different transcriptional activities dur- ing the watered recovery periods. Among the most important findings is the novel aspect of the H3K27me3 function observed at specific dehydration stress memory genes. In contrast to its well-known role as a chromatin repressive mechanism at developmentally regulated genes, H3K27me3 did not prevent transcription from the dehydration stress- responding genes. The high H3K27me3 levels present during transcriptionally inactive states did not interfere with the transition to active transcription and with H3K4me3 accumulation. H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks function indepen- dently and are not mutually exclusive at the dehydration stress-responding memory genes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860490)YNTC funds(2023530000241007 and 2017YN02)+1 种基金Yunnan Daguan Lab(YNDG202302ZY01)CLZ is supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under grant number GZC20241527。
文摘Recessive resistance mediated by mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E(eIF4E),has proven effective against diverse potyviruses and is extensively utilized in breeding programs.However,the rise of resistance-breaking(RB)strains and emerging potyviral species necessitates the development of more durable and broad-spectrum resistance strategies.In this study,our field survey in Yunnan,China,identified potato virus Y(PVY)RB isolates,as well as the prevalence of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus(TVBMV)and chilli veinal mottle virus(ChiVMV),in tobacco carrying the recessive va locus,which lacks the eIF4E1-S susceptibility gene,due to a chromosomal deletion.Protein interaction and viral infection assays demonstrated that both eIF4E1-S and eIFiso4E-T are used by PVY RB as susceptibility factors for infection,with the combined inactivation of these genes confering durable resistance.Similarly,the knockout of eIFiso4E-S,in the va genetic background,provided effective resistance to TVBMV and reduced susceptibility to ChiVMV.Notably,pyramiding mutations in eIFiso4E-S and eIFiso4E-T,in va tobacco,generated plants exhibiting robust,broad-spectrum resistance,to all three viruses,without compromising plant development.These findings underscore the potential of stacking eIF4E mutations to engineer durable,broad-spectrum resistance to potyviruses in tobacco,offering a promising strategy for crop improvement.
