This article systematically reviewed the applications of single-atom catalysts(SACs)in the domain of photocatalytic reactions,with a particular emphasis on the indispensable role of H_(2)O in these processes.SACs,due ...This article systematically reviewed the applications of single-atom catalysts(SACs)in the domain of photocatalytic reactions,with a particular emphasis on the indispensable role of H_(2)O in these processes.SACs,due to their distinct active sites and superior catalytic efficacy,found their applications in the fields of energy conversion and environmental protection.The review elaborated on the potential carriers,preparation methods,and characterization techniques for single-atom photocatalysts.Subsequently,the article provided an in-depth explanation of the crucial role of H_(2)O in photocatalytic reactions,serving as an important green solvent and an oxygen/proton source.The adsorption of water could also change the surface energy structure and charge distribution of the photocatalyst.Conversely,the presence of H_(2)O might also inhibit the target reaction.Additionally,the distinct roles of water in both liquid and gas phases were discussed.Furthermore,the review systematically summarized the applications of single-atom photocatalysts in H_(2)generation,CO_(2)reduction,N2fixation,H_(2)O_(2)production,and environmentalremediation.It delved into the mechanisms by which water molecules participated in photocatalytic processes and their interactions with competing pathways,thereby revealing the complexity and critical importance of water in photocatalytic reactions.Finally,the article discusses the opportunities and challenges of SACs in photocatalytic reactions with H_(2)O.This article provides a comprehensive perspective for understanding the role of SACs in waterinvolved photocatalytic reactions.展开更多
Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generation is a promising synthesis method that has received increasing attention;however,the reaction pathway requires further investigation.Here,Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofi...Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generation is a promising synthesis method that has received increasing attention;however,the reaction pathway requires further investigation.Here,Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers are used to generate H_(2)O_(2)by harvesting mechanical energy,and the reaction pathways are investigated.The H_(2)O_(2)yield over Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers steadily increases from 331μmol g1 h1 in the first cycle to 746μmol g1 h1 in the tenth cycle in pure water without a sacrificial agent.Reliable reaction pathways are revealed by monitoring the pH value changes in the reaction solution during the H_(2)O_(2)generation process.In the H_(2)O_(2)generation process,the water oxidation reaction(WOR)provides a large amount of H+in the reaction solution,which promotes the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)for H_(2)O_(2)generation.Therefore,an efficient synergistic effect between ORR and WOR achieves dual-pathway H_(2)O_(2)generation,contributing to the excellent piezocatalytic performance of Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers.Furthermore,mechanistic studies indicate that the piezocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation follows the energy band theory.This work not only demonstrates Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers as efficient piezocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation but also provides a simple and effective approach to elucidate reaction pathways.This approach can be applied in photocatalytic,tribocatalytic,and electrocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation.展开更多
The agronomic property of elite cotton hybrid F2 was studied and the results showed that each investigated trait showed consecutive normal distribution except micronaire,so they were typically quantitative characters ...The agronomic property of elite cotton hybrid F2 was studied and the results showed that each investigated trait showed consecutive normal distribution except micronaire,so they were typically quantitative characters controlled by micro-effect polygene.Heterosis analysis indicated that the inbreeding depression of F2 generation was significant,and the heterosis was less than F1 in yield and its component traits,but the yield of F2 generation was prior to the control.Heterosis of most fiber property was very low,some of which were negatively significant.The entire variations indicated that the segregation of fiber property trait was objective and abundant in F2 population.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinatio...[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinations at different doses,and the F1 generation seeds of five groups in which biological mutation occurred were selected to sow in the field.Then the main phenotype changes in F2 generation were observed,the biochemical changes caused by ion implantation were analyzed by determination of peroxidase isozyme.[Result]Seed implanted with 9×1011 P2＋/cm2 and 1×1012 Cu2＋/cm2（No.21）on its both sides could maintain the superiority in yield per plant to F2 generation,while the mutagenic effects of F1 generation in other groups were not inherited by the F2 generation.[Conclusion]The prominent biological characters induced in the seeds of group No.21 were relatively inherited,so the seeds were worth further breeding.展开更多
Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising method for hydrogen production.Numerous efficient photocatalysts have been synthesized and utilized.However,photocatalysts without a noble metal as the co-catalyst have be...Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising method for hydrogen production.Numerous efficient photocatalysts have been synthesized and utilized.However,photocatalysts without a noble metal as the co-catalyst have been rarely reported.Herein,a CoP co-catalyst-modified graphitic-C3N4(g-C3N4/CoP)is investigated for photocatalytic water splitting to produce H2.The g-C3N4/CoP composite is synthesized in two steps.The first step is related to thermal decomposition,and the second step involves an electroless plating technique.The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions of g-C3N4 is distinctly increased by loading the appropriate amount of CoP quantum dots(QDs).Among the as-synthesized samples,the optimized one(g-C3N4/CoP-4%)shows exceptional photocatalytic activity as compared with pristine g-C3N4,generating H2 at a rate of 936μmol g^-1 h^-1,even higher than that of g-C3N4 with 4 wt%Pt(665μmol g^-1 h^-1).The UV-visible and optical absorption behavior confirms that g-C3N4 has an absorption edge at 451 nm,but after being composited with CoP,g-C3N4/CoP-4%has an absorption edge at 497 nm.Furthermore,photoluminescence and photocurrent measurements confirm that loading CoP QDs to pristine g-C3N4 not only enhances the charge separation,but also improves the transfer of photogenerated e--h+pairs,thus improving the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst to generate H2.This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient metal phosphide-loaded g-C3N4 for hydrogen generation.展开更多
Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on the surface of g-C3N4 (CN) by an in situ calcination method. NiS was successfully loaded onto the composites by a hydrothermal method. The results showed that the 10 wt%-NiS/1....Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on the surface of g-C3N4 (CN) by an in situ calcination method. NiS was successfully loaded onto the composites by a hydrothermal method. The results showed that the 10 wt%-NiS/1.0 wt%-Ag/CN composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic H2 generation performance under solar-light irradiation. An H2 production rate of 9.728 mmol·g^-1·h^-1 was achieved, which is 10.82-, 3.45-, and 2.77-times higher than those of pure g-C3N4, 10 wt%-NiS/CN, and 1.0 wt%-Ag/CN composites, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation can be ascribed to the co-decoration of Ag and NiS on the surface of g-C3N4, which efficiently improves light harvesting capacity, photogenerated charge carrier separation, and photocatalytic H2 production kinetics. Thus, this study demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing excellent g-C3N4-related composite photocatalysts for H2 production by using different co-catalysts.展开更多
Photocatalysis is believed to be one of the best methods to realize sustainable H2 production. However, achieving this through heterogeneous photocatalysis still remains a great challenge owing to the absence of activ...Photocatalysis is believed to be one of the best methods to realize sustainable H2 production. However, achieving this through heterogeneous photocatalysis still remains a great challenge owing to the absence of active sites, sluggish surface reaction kinetics, insufficient charge separation, and a high thermodynamic barrier. Therefore, cocatalysts are necessary and of great significance in boosting photocatalytic H2 generation. This review will focus on the promising and appealing low-cost Ni-based H2-generation cocatalysts as the alternatives for the high-cost and low-abundance noble metal cocatalysts. Special emphasis has been placed on the design principle, modification strategies for further enhancing the activity and stability of Ni-based cocatalysts, and identification of the exact active sites and surface reaction mechanisms. Particularly, four types of modification strategies based on increased light harvesting, enhanced charge separation, strengthened interface interaction, and improved electrocatalytic activity have been thoroughly discussed and compared in detail. This review may open a new avenue for designing highly active and durable Ni-based cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 generation.展开更多
Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D pla...Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D plasmonic W_(18)O_(49)nanowires onto 2D g‐C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets.W_(18)O_(49)nanowiresplay the dual role of a light absorption antenna—that extends light adsorption—and a hot electrondonor—that assists the water reduction reaction in a wider light spectrum range.Moreover,S‐scheme charge transfer resulting from the matching bandgaps of W_(18)O_(49)and g‐C_(3)N_(4)can lead tostrong redox capability and high migration speed of the photoinduced charges.Consequently,in thisstudy,W_(18)O_(49)/g‐C_(3)N_(4)hybrids exhibited higher photocatalytic H2 generation than that of pristineg‐C_(3)N_(4)under light irradiation of 420–550 nm.Furthermore,the H2 production rate of thebest‐performing W_(18)O_(49)/g‐C_(3)N_(4)hybrid was 41.5μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1)upon exposure to monochromaticlight at 550 nm,whereas pure g‐C_(3)N_(4)showed negligible activity.This study promotes novel andenvironmentally friendly hot‐electron‐assisted S‐scheme photocatalysts for the broad‐spectrumutilization of solar light.展开更多
To achieve efficient photocatalytic H_(2) generation from water using earth-abundant and cost-effective materials,a simple synthesis method for carbon-doped CdS particles wrapped with graphene(C-doped CdS@G)is reporte...To achieve efficient photocatalytic H_(2) generation from water using earth-abundant and cost-effective materials,a simple synthesis method for carbon-doped CdS particles wrapped with graphene(C-doped CdS@G)is reported.The doping effect and the application of graphene as cocatalyst for CdS is studied for photocatalytic H_(2) generation.The most active sample consists of CdS and graphene(CdS-0.15G)exhibits promising photocatalytic activity,producing 3.12 mmol g^-(1) h^-(1) of H_(2) under simulated solar light which is^4.6 times superior than pure CdS nanoparticles giving an apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)of 11.7%.The enhanced photocatalytic activity for H_(2) generation is associated to the narrowing of the bandgap,enhanced light absorption,fast interfacial charge transfer,and higher carrier density(N_(D))in C-doped CdS@G samples.This is achieved by C doping in CdS nanoparticles and the formation of a graphene shell over the C-doped CdS nanoparticles.After stability test,the spent catalysts sample was also characterized to investigate the nanostructure.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a high-demand organic chemical reagent and has been widely used in various modern industrial applications.Currently,the prominent method for the preparation of H_(2)O_(2)is the anthraqu...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a high-demand organic chemical reagent and has been widely used in various modern industrial applications.Currently,the prominent method for the preparation of H_(2)O_(2)is the anthraquinone oxidation.Unfortunately,it is not conducive to economic and sustainable development since it is a complex process and involves unfriendly environment and potential hazards.In this context,numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize H_(2)O_(2).Among them,photo/electro-catalytic ones are considered as two of the most promising manners for on-site synthesis of H_(2)O_(2).These alternatives are sustainable in that only water or O_(2)is required.Namely,water oxidation(WOR)or oxygen reduction(ORR)reactions can be further coupled with clean and sustainable energy.For photo/electro-catalytic reactions for H_(2)O_(2)generation,the design of the catalysts is extremely important and has been extensively conducted with an aim to obtain ultimate catalytic performance.This article overviews the basic principles of WOR and ORR,followed by the summary of recent progresses and achievements on the design and performance of various photo/electro-catalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation.The related mechanisms for these approaches are highlighted from theoretical and experimental aspects.Scientific challenges and opportunities of engineering photo/electro-catalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation are also outlined and discussed.展开更多
The reasonable employment of cocatalyst in photocatalysis can effectively promote the photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.In this study,carbon hollow spheres(C),as a good conductive nonmetallic material,have been ...The reasonable employment of cocatalyst in photocatalysis can effectively promote the photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.In this study,carbon hollow spheres(C),as a good conductive nonmetallic material,have been utilized as a novel cocatalyst and a matrix for loading the Cu-doped-TiO_(2)nanoparticles by a successive hydrother-mal method and metal molten salt method.The Cu-doped-TiO_(2)nanoparticles were tightly anchored on the surface of carbon hollow sphere to form a zero-dimensional/three dimensional(0D/3D)Cu-doped-TiO2/C heterojunction.The optimal Cu-doped-TiO_(2)/C heterojunction demon-strated greatly enhanced photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity(14.4 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))compared with TiO_(2)(0.33 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and TiO_(2)/C(0.7 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)).The performance improvement was mainly due to the syner-gistic effect of carbon hollow sphere cocatalyst and Cu-doping,the Cu-doping in TiO_(2)nanoparticles can minimize charge recombination and enhance the available photoex-cited electrons,while the 3D carbon hollow spheres can act as electron traps to accelerate the charge separation and offer abundant active sites for solar water splitting reaction.展开更多
Durable and inexpensive graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))demonstrates great potential for achieving efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reduction(HER).To further improve its activity,g-C_(3)N_(4)was subje...Durable and inexpensive graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))demonstrates great potential for achieving efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reduction(HER).To further improve its activity,g-C_(3)N_(4)was subjected to atomic-level structural engineering by doping with transition metals(M=Fe,Co,or Ni),which simultaneously induced the formation of metal-N active sites in the g-C_(3)N_(4)framework and modulated the bandgap of g-C_(3)N_(4).Experiments and density functional theory calculations further verified that the as-formed metal-N bonds in M-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)acted as an"electron transfer bridge",where the migration of photo-generated electrons along the bridge enhanced the efficiency of separation of the photogenerated charges,and the optimized bandgap of g-C_(3)N_(4)afforded stronger reduction ability and wider light absorption.As a result,doping with either Fe,Co,or Ni had a positive effect on the HER activity,where Co-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)exhibited the highest performance.The findings illustrate that this atomic-level structural engineering could efficiently improve the HER activity and inspire the design of powerful photocatalysts.展开更多
A simplified model for SO_(2) generation during spontaneous combustion of coal gangue was put forward and validated using the measured data.Using the proposed model,the effects of initial temperature inside the gangue...A simplified model for SO_(2) generation during spontaneous combustion of coal gangue was put forward and validated using the measured data.Using the proposed model,the effects of initial temperature inside the gangue and fresh air supply on SO_(2) generation were discussed.The results showed that,higher initial temperature inside the gangue could accelerate the oxidation rate of FeS_(2) and increase the maximum concentration of SO_(2).If initial temperature inside the gangue increased by about 37%,the total SO_(2) generation increased by 166%.Fresh air supply had less significant effect on the oxidation rate of FeS_(2).However,the higher the fresh air supply was,the more FeS_(2) could be oxidized,which ultimately produced more SO_(2).Although the computed results and the measured data concerning the inner locations inside the gangue had a certain degree of error,the proposed model can provide a relatively precise total release of SO_(2) within acceptable accuracy.Besides,this method provides a useful prototype to predict the generation of hazardous materials,such as CO,NO_(x),and chlorine during the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue.展开更多
In this paper, nanotubes and nanoribbons of sodium titanate structures were synthesized via hydrothermal methods in alkaline solution. CdS decorated titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons were therefore constructed for ex...In this paper, nanotubes and nanoribbons of sodium titanate structures were synthesized via hydrothermal methods in alkaline solution. CdS decorated titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons were therefore constructed for exploring the performance of hydrogen evolution and synergistic effect of CdS based titanate structures. CdS decorated titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, UV-vis, Brunauer- Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） measurements. CdS encapsuled in titanate nanotubes （CdS-ETNTs） showed the best capacity of H2 evolution by water splitting and stability than that from the other two structures, i.e., CdS doped titanate nanotubes （CdS-DTNTs） and CdS doped titanate nanoribbons （CdS-DTNRs）, which could be explained by the synergistic effect of decorated CdS with sodium titanate structures and confinement effect of CdS nanoparticles encapsuled inside展开更多
Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollinat...Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.展开更多
This work reported the lanthanide ion(Gd^(3+))doped tungsten trioxide(Gd-WO_(3))nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production.With d...This work reported the lanthanide ion(Gd^(3+))doped tungsten trioxide(Gd-WO_(3))nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production.With doped lanthanide ion(Gd^(3+)),Gd-WO_(3)showed a much broad and enhanced solar light absorption,which not only promoted the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic compounds,but also provided a suitable bandgap for direct reduction of oxygen to H_(2)O_(2).Additionally,the isolated Gd^(3+)on WO_(3)surface can efficiently weaken the*OOH binding energy,increasing the activity and selectivity of direct reduction of oxygen to H_(2)O_(2),with a rate of 0.58 mmol L^(-1)g^(-1)h^(-1).The in-situ generated H_(2)O_(2)can be subsequently converted to·OH based on Fenton reaction,further contributed to the overall removal of organic pollutants.Our results demonstrate a cascade photocatalytic oxidation-Fenton reaction which can efficiently utilize photo-generated electrons and holes for organic pollutants treatment.展开更多
Silica glasses doped with Bi2S3 microcystallite was prepared by the sol-gel process. Photoinduced second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed in the glass when it was irradiated with intense 1.06 mum and frequency d...Silica glasses doped with Bi2S3 microcystallite was prepared by the sol-gel process. Photoinduced second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed in the glass when it was irradiated with intense 1.06 mum and frequency doubled laser beams from a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. It was found that the signal intensity increased with the irradiating time and approached a saturation gradually. The effect may be explained reasonably by the DC field model.展开更多
As important emerging contaminants, antibiotics have caused potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health due to their extensive production and consumption. Among various techniques for removing ant...As important emerging contaminants, antibiotics have caused potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health due to their extensive production and consumption. Among various techniques for removing antibiotics from wastewater, H_(2)O_(2)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have received increasing attention due to their fast reaction rate and strong oxidation capability. Hence this review critically discusses:(i) Recent research progress of AOPs with the addition of H_(2)O_(2) for antibiotics removal through different methods of H_(2)O_(2) activation;(ii) recent advances in AOPs that can in-situ generate and activate H_(2)O_(2) for antibiotics removal;(iii) H_(2)O_(2)-based AOPs as a combination with other techniques for the degradation and mineralization of antibiotics in wastewater. Future perspectives about H_(2)O_(2)-based AOPs are also presented to grasp the future research trend in the area.展开更多
基金financially supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515010976)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No.20210802524B)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Nos.GZC20241085,GZC20230562,GZC20230564)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M760583)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402234)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of 2D Metamaterials for Information Technology
文摘This article systematically reviewed the applications of single-atom catalysts(SACs)in the domain of photocatalytic reactions,with a particular emphasis on the indispensable role of H_(2)O in these processes.SACs,due to their distinct active sites and superior catalytic efficacy,found their applications in the fields of energy conversion and environmental protection.The review elaborated on the potential carriers,preparation methods,and characterization techniques for single-atom photocatalysts.Subsequently,the article provided an in-depth explanation of the crucial role of H_(2)O in photocatalytic reactions,serving as an important green solvent and an oxygen/proton source.The adsorption of water could also change the surface energy structure and charge distribution of the photocatalyst.Conversely,the presence of H_(2)O might also inhibit the target reaction.Additionally,the distinct roles of water in both liquid and gas phases were discussed.Furthermore,the review systematically summarized the applications of single-atom photocatalysts in H_(2)generation,CO_(2)reduction,N2fixation,H_(2)O_(2)production,and environmentalremediation.It delved into the mechanisms by which water molecules participated in photocatalytic processes and their interactions with competing pathways,thereby revealing the complexity and critical importance of water in photocatalytic reactions.Finally,the article discusses the opportunities and challenges of SACs in photocatalytic reactions with H_(2)O.This article provides a comprehensive perspective for understanding the role of SACs in waterinvolved photocatalytic reactions.
文摘Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generation is a promising synthesis method that has received increasing attention;however,the reaction pathway requires further investigation.Here,Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers are used to generate H_(2)O_(2)by harvesting mechanical energy,and the reaction pathways are investigated.The H_(2)O_(2)yield over Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers steadily increases from 331μmol g1 h1 in the first cycle to 746μmol g1 h1 in the tenth cycle in pure water without a sacrificial agent.Reliable reaction pathways are revealed by monitoring the pH value changes in the reaction solution during the H_(2)O_(2)generation process.In the H_(2)O_(2)generation process,the water oxidation reaction(WOR)provides a large amount of H+in the reaction solution,which promotes the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)for H_(2)O_(2)generation.Therefore,an efficient synergistic effect between ORR and WOR achieves dual-pathway H_(2)O_(2)generation,contributing to the excellent piezocatalytic performance of Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers.Furthermore,mechanistic studies indicate that the piezocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation follows the energy band theory.This work not only demonstrates Bi_(5)Ti_(3)FeO_(15)nanofibers as efficient piezocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation but also provides a simple and effective approach to elucidate reaction pathways.This approach can be applied in photocatalytic,tribocatalytic,and electrocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation.
基金Supported by the Special Program of National Transgenic Plant Research and Industrialization the Key Sub-program of Cotton Ramie Breeding of Sichuan Province~~
文摘The agronomic property of elite cotton hybrid F2 was studied and the results showed that each investigated trait showed consecutive normal distribution except micronaire,so they were typically quantitative characters controlled by micro-effect polygene.Heterosis analysis indicated that the inbreeding depression of F2 generation was significant,and the heterosis was less than F1 in yield and its component traits,but the yield of F2 generation was prior to the control.Heterosis of most fiber property was very low,some of which were negatively significant.The entire variations indicated that the segregation of fiber property trait was objective and abundant in F2 population.
基金Supported by"Study on Biological Effects of Mutagenesis of Seedsof Oil Crops,Purple Peanut and Sunflower(including Chili Pepper)Caused by Ion Implantation"supported by the Key Lab for Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education(0912)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to investigate inheritance of the mutagenic properties caused by ion implantation from F1 to F2 generation in chili pepper.[Method]Chili pepper seeds were implanted with different ion combinations at different doses,and the F1 generation seeds of five groups in which biological mutation occurred were selected to sow in the field.Then the main phenotype changes in F2 generation were observed,the biochemical changes caused by ion implantation were analyzed by determination of peroxidase isozyme.[Result]Seed implanted with 9×1011 P2＋/cm2 and 1×1012 Cu2＋/cm2（No.21）on its both sides could maintain the superiority in yield per plant to F2 generation,while the mutagenic effects of F1 generation in other groups were not inherited by the F2 generation.[Conclusion]The prominent biological characters induced in the seeds of group No.21 were relatively inherited,so the seeds were worth further breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51602207)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(20170520011)+3 种基金the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in Universities(LR2017074)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE-201810)Fuzhou University,the Scientific Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(LQN201712)Shenyang Excellent Talents in Universities(RC180211)~~
文摘Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising method for hydrogen production.Numerous efficient photocatalysts have been synthesized and utilized.However,photocatalysts without a noble metal as the co-catalyst have been rarely reported.Herein,a CoP co-catalyst-modified graphitic-C3N4(g-C3N4/CoP)is investigated for photocatalytic water splitting to produce H2.The g-C3N4/CoP composite is synthesized in two steps.The first step is related to thermal decomposition,and the second step involves an electroless plating technique.The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions of g-C3N4 is distinctly increased by loading the appropriate amount of CoP quantum dots(QDs).Among the as-synthesized samples,the optimized one(g-C3N4/CoP-4%)shows exceptional photocatalytic activity as compared with pristine g-C3N4,generating H2 at a rate of 936μmol g^-1 h^-1,even higher than that of g-C3N4 with 4 wt%Pt(665μmol g^-1 h^-1).The UV-visible and optical absorption behavior confirms that g-C3N4 has an absorption edge at 451 nm,but after being composited with CoP,g-C3N4/CoP-4%has an absorption edge at 497 nm.Furthermore,photoluminescence and photocurrent measurements confirm that loading CoP QDs to pristine g-C3N4 not only enhances the charge separation,but also improves the transfer of photogenerated e--h+pairs,thus improving the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst to generate H2.This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient metal phosphide-loaded g-C3N4 for hydrogen generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676213,21476183,51372201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M600809)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2017JM2026)~~
文摘Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on the surface of g-C3N4 (CN) by an in situ calcination method. NiS was successfully loaded onto the composites by a hydrothermal method. The results showed that the 10 wt%-NiS/1.0 wt%-Ag/CN composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic H2 generation performance under solar-light irradiation. An H2 production rate of 9.728 mmol·g^-1·h^-1 was achieved, which is 10.82-, 3.45-, and 2.77-times higher than those of pure g-C3N4, 10 wt%-NiS/CN, and 1.0 wt%-Ag/CN composites, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation can be ascribed to the co-decoration of Ag and NiS on the surface of g-C3N4, which efficiently improves light harvesting capacity, photogenerated charge carrier separation, and photocatalytic H2 production kinetics. Thus, this study demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing excellent g-C3N4-related composite photocatalysts for H2 production by using different co-catalysts.
基金supprted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672089,51672099)Specical Funding on Applied Science and Technology in Guangdong(2017B020238005)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology)(2015-KF-7)~~
文摘Photocatalysis is believed to be one of the best methods to realize sustainable H2 production. However, achieving this through heterogeneous photocatalysis still remains a great challenge owing to the absence of active sites, sluggish surface reaction kinetics, insufficient charge separation, and a high thermodynamic barrier. Therefore, cocatalysts are necessary and of great significance in boosting photocatalytic H2 generation. This review will focus on the promising and appealing low-cost Ni-based H2-generation cocatalysts as the alternatives for the high-cost and low-abundance noble metal cocatalysts. Special emphasis has been placed on the design principle, modification strategies for further enhancing the activity and stability of Ni-based cocatalysts, and identification of the exact active sites and surface reaction mechanisms. Particularly, four types of modification strategies based on increased light harvesting, enhanced charge separation, strengthened interface interaction, and improved electrocatalytic activity have been thoroughly discussed and compared in detail. This review may open a new avenue for designing highly active and durable Ni-based cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 generation.
文摘Extended light absorption and dynamic charge separation are vital factors that determine the effectivenessof photocatalysts.In this study,a nonmetallic plasmonic S‐scheme photocatalyst was fabricatedby loading 1D plasmonic W_(18)O_(49)nanowires onto 2D g‐C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets.W_(18)O_(49)nanowiresplay the dual role of a light absorption antenna—that extends light adsorption—and a hot electrondonor—that assists the water reduction reaction in a wider light spectrum range.Moreover,S‐scheme charge transfer resulting from the matching bandgaps of W_(18)O_(49)and g‐C_(3)N_(4)can lead tostrong redox capability and high migration speed of the photoinduced charges.Consequently,in thisstudy,W_(18)O_(49)/g‐C_(3)N_(4)hybrids exhibited higher photocatalytic H2 generation than that of pristineg‐C_(3)N_(4)under light irradiation of 420–550 nm.Furthermore,the H2 production rate of thebest‐performing W_(18)O_(49)/g‐C_(3)N_(4)hybrid was 41.5μmol·g^(−1)·h^(−1)upon exposure to monochromaticlight at 550 nm,whereas pure g‐C_(3)N_(4)showed negligible activity.This study promotes novel andenvironmentally friendly hot‐electron‐assisted S‐scheme photocatalysts for the broad‐spectrumutilization of solar light.
基金support from the Research Council of Norway provided by the Norwegian Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy,NORTEM(197405/F50)NTNU NanoLab(grant number 245963)which have provided the characterization toolsthe strategic funding support provided by Department of Chemical Engineering,NTNU,Trondheim,Norway.
文摘To achieve efficient photocatalytic H_(2) generation from water using earth-abundant and cost-effective materials,a simple synthesis method for carbon-doped CdS particles wrapped with graphene(C-doped CdS@G)is reported.The doping effect and the application of graphene as cocatalyst for CdS is studied for photocatalytic H_(2) generation.The most active sample consists of CdS and graphene(CdS-0.15G)exhibits promising photocatalytic activity,producing 3.12 mmol g^-(1) h^-(1) of H_(2) under simulated solar light which is^4.6 times superior than pure CdS nanoparticles giving an apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)of 11.7%.The enhanced photocatalytic activity for H_(2) generation is associated to the narrowing of the bandgap,enhanced light absorption,fast interfacial charge transfer,and higher carrier density(N_(D))in C-doped CdS@G samples.This is achieved by C doping in CdS nanoparticles and the formation of a graphene shell over the C-doped CdS nanoparticles.After stability test,the spent catalysts sample was also characterized to investigate the nanostructure.
基金supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation(20210302124446202102070301018)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Joint Foundation(U1710112)Basic Research Project from the Institute of Coal Chemistry,CAS(SCJC-HN-2022-17)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a high-demand organic chemical reagent and has been widely used in various modern industrial applications.Currently,the prominent method for the preparation of H_(2)O_(2)is the anthraquinone oxidation.Unfortunately,it is not conducive to economic and sustainable development since it is a complex process and involves unfriendly environment and potential hazards.In this context,numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize H_(2)O_(2).Among them,photo/electro-catalytic ones are considered as two of the most promising manners for on-site synthesis of H_(2)O_(2).These alternatives are sustainable in that only water or O_(2)is required.Namely,water oxidation(WOR)or oxygen reduction(ORR)reactions can be further coupled with clean and sustainable energy.For photo/electro-catalytic reactions for H_(2)O_(2)generation,the design of the catalysts is extremely important and has been extensively conducted with an aim to obtain ultimate catalytic performance.This article overviews the basic principles of WOR and ORR,followed by the summary of recent progresses and achievements on the design and performance of various photo/electro-catalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation.The related mechanisms for these approaches are highlighted from theoretical and experimental aspects.Scientific challenges and opportunities of engineering photo/electro-catalysts for H_(2)O_(2)generation are also outlined and discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21975110 and 21972058)Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong Province
文摘The reasonable employment of cocatalyst in photocatalysis can effectively promote the photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.In this study,carbon hollow spheres(C),as a good conductive nonmetallic material,have been utilized as a novel cocatalyst and a matrix for loading the Cu-doped-TiO_(2)nanoparticles by a successive hydrother-mal method and metal molten salt method.The Cu-doped-TiO_(2)nanoparticles were tightly anchored on the surface of carbon hollow sphere to form a zero-dimensional/three dimensional(0D/3D)Cu-doped-TiO2/C heterojunction.The optimal Cu-doped-TiO_(2)/C heterojunction demon-strated greatly enhanced photocatalytic H_(2) generation activity(14.4 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))compared with TiO_(2)(0.33 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and TiO_(2)/C(0.7 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)).The performance improvement was mainly due to the syner-gistic effect of carbon hollow sphere cocatalyst and Cu-doping,the Cu-doping in TiO_(2)nanoparticles can minimize charge recombination and enhance the available photoex-cited electrons,while the 3D carbon hollow spheres can act as electron traps to accelerate the charge separation and offer abundant active sites for solar water splitting reaction.
文摘Durable and inexpensive graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))demonstrates great potential for achieving efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reduction(HER).To further improve its activity,g-C_(3)N_(4)was subjected to atomic-level structural engineering by doping with transition metals(M=Fe,Co,or Ni),which simultaneously induced the formation of metal-N active sites in the g-C_(3)N_(4)framework and modulated the bandgap of g-C_(3)N_(4).Experiments and density functional theory calculations further verified that the as-formed metal-N bonds in M-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)acted as an"electron transfer bridge",where the migration of photo-generated electrons along the bridge enhanced the efficiency of separation of the photogenerated charges,and the optimized bandgap of g-C_(3)N_(4)afforded stronger reduction ability and wider light absorption.As a result,doping with either Fe,Co,or Ni had a positive effect on the HER activity,where Co-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)exhibited the highest performance.The findings illustrate that this atomic-level structural engineering could efficiently improve the HER activity and inspire the design of powerful photocatalysts.
基金the financial support provided by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant No.RZ190001148Fund of Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant No.NJZY21480.
文摘A simplified model for SO_(2) generation during spontaneous combustion of coal gangue was put forward and validated using the measured data.Using the proposed model,the effects of initial temperature inside the gangue and fresh air supply on SO_(2) generation were discussed.The results showed that,higher initial temperature inside the gangue could accelerate the oxidation rate of FeS_(2) and increase the maximum concentration of SO_(2).If initial temperature inside the gangue increased by about 37%,the total SO_(2) generation increased by 166%.Fresh air supply had less significant effect on the oxidation rate of FeS_(2).However,the higher the fresh air supply was,the more FeS_(2) could be oxidized,which ultimately produced more SO_(2).Although the computed results and the measured data concerning the inner locations inside the gangue had a certain degree of error,the proposed model can provide a relatively precise total release of SO_(2) within acceptable accuracy.Besides,this method provides a useful prototype to predict the generation of hazardous materials,such as CO,NO_(x),and chlorine during the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81660708)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Nos.BK20150692,BK20171389)+3 种基金the Key Project of Science and Technology of Tibet(No.2015XZ01G70)the Key Project of Tibet Tibetan Medicine Bureau(No.2017005)open fund by Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials(No.KHK1507)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘In this paper, nanotubes and nanoribbons of sodium titanate structures were synthesized via hydrothermal methods in alkaline solution. CdS decorated titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons were therefore constructed for exploring the performance of hydrogen evolution and synergistic effect of CdS based titanate structures. CdS decorated titanate nanotubes and nanoribbons were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, UV-vis, Brunauer- Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） measurements. CdS encapsuled in titanate nanotubes （CdS-ETNTs） showed the best capacity of H2 evolution by water splitting and stability than that from the other two structures, i.e., CdS doped titanate nanotubes （CdS-DTNTs） and CdS doped titanate nanoribbons （CdS-DTNRs）, which could be explained by the synergistic effect of decorated CdS with sodium titanate structures and confinement effect of CdS nanoparticles encapsuled inside
基金sponsored by funds from the Zhongyuan Academician Foundation (212101510001)the Fundamental Research Funds for State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (CB2021C08)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871679)
文摘Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LR21B07002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176170,21976152)the Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province,Westlake University。
文摘This work reported the lanthanide ion(Gd^(3+))doped tungsten trioxide(Gd-WO_(3))nanocrystal for remarkable promoted photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous in-situ H_(2)O_(2)production.With doped lanthanide ion(Gd^(3+)),Gd-WO_(3)showed a much broad and enhanced solar light absorption,which not only promoted the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of organic compounds,but also provided a suitable bandgap for direct reduction of oxygen to H_(2)O_(2).Additionally,the isolated Gd^(3+)on WO_(3)surface can efficiently weaken the*OOH binding energy,increasing the activity and selectivity of direct reduction of oxygen to H_(2)O_(2),with a rate of 0.58 mmol L^(-1)g^(-1)h^(-1).The in-situ generated H_(2)O_(2)can be subsequently converted to·OH based on Fenton reaction,further contributed to the overall removal of organic pollutants.Our results demonstrate a cascade photocatalytic oxidation-Fenton reaction which can efficiently utilize photo-generated electrons and holes for organic pollutants treatment.
文摘Silica glasses doped with Bi2S3 microcystallite was prepared by the sol-gel process. Photoinduced second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed in the glass when it was irradiated with intense 1.06 mum and frequency doubled laser beams from a mode-locked Nd: YAG laser. It was found that the signal intensity increased with the irradiating time and approached a saturation gradually. The effect may be explained reasonably by the DC field model.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976096,52170085 and 21773129)Tianjin Development Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship+2 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00320)Tianjin Post-graduate Students Research and Innovation Project(No.2021YJSB013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University。
文摘As important emerging contaminants, antibiotics have caused potential hazards to the ecological environment and human health due to their extensive production and consumption. Among various techniques for removing antibiotics from wastewater, H_(2)O_(2)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have received increasing attention due to their fast reaction rate and strong oxidation capability. Hence this review critically discusses:(i) Recent research progress of AOPs with the addition of H_(2)O_(2) for antibiotics removal through different methods of H_(2)O_(2) activation;(ii) recent advances in AOPs that can in-situ generate and activate H_(2)O_(2) for antibiotics removal;(iii) H_(2)O_(2)-based AOPs as a combination with other techniques for the degradation and mineralization of antibiotics in wastewater. Future perspectives about H_(2)O_(2)-based AOPs are also presented to grasp the future research trend in the area.
