This paper proposes a two-step general framework for reversible data hiding(RDH)schemes with controllable contrast enhancement.The first step aims at preserving visual perception as much as possible on the basis of ac...This paper proposes a two-step general framework for reversible data hiding(RDH)schemes with controllable contrast enhancement.The first step aims at preserving visual perception as much as possible on the basis of achieving high embedding capacity(EC),while the second step is used for increasing image contrast.In the second step,some peak-pairs are utilized so that the histogram of pixel values is modified to perform histogram equalization(HE),which would lead to the image contrast enhancement.However,for HE,the utilization of some peak-pairs easily leads to over-enhanced image contrast when a large number of bits are embedded.Therefore,in our proposed framework,contrast over-enhancement is avoided by controlling the degree of contrast enhancement.Since the second step can only provide a small amount of data due to controlled contrast enhancement,the first one helps to achieve a large amount of data without degrading visual quality.Any RDH method which can achieve high EC while preserve good visual quality,can be selected for the first step.In fact,Gao et al.’s method is a special case of our proposed framework.In addition,two simple and commonly-used RDH methods are also introduced to further demonstrate the generalization of our framework.展开更多
With the development of message service in telecom networks as well as the Internet,multiple message service formats have been emerging,including Short Message Service (SMS),Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),Mobile E...With the development of message service in telecom networks as well as the Internet,multiple message service formats have been emerging,including Short Message Service (SMS),Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),Mobile Email Message (MEM) and Instant Message (IM).Based on the latest research achievements of OMA CPM Organization and GSMA RCS Organization,the message service evolution may have two phases:Integration and convergence,with corresponding overall framework realization methods.展开更多
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers(PODEs)have emerged as promising clean alternative fuels for compression-ignition engines.The combustion characteristics of PODE vary with the degree of polymerization,necessitating a d...Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers(PODEs)have emerged as promising clean alternative fuels for compression-ignition engines.The combustion characteristics of PODE vary with the degree of polymerization,necessitating a deeper understanding of their kinetic behavior.This study constructed and validated a kinetic mechanism for PODE_(2–3)based on a previously developed detailed kinetic mechanism for PODE_(1).The good performance of the proposed model in reproducing the data indicates the validity of the constructed kinetic mechanism for PODE_(2–3).A general framework for PODE reaction pathways was proposed,with special attention paid to the reaction kinetics of each original reaction.Three source routes of PODE reactivity were elucidated:(1)Route 1:a typical chain branching reaction after hydrogen abstraction from the primary carbon,followed by two oxygenation reactions;(2)Route 2:chain branching reactions in the decomposition of partial hydroperoxyl fuel radicals to carbonyl hydroperoxides;and(3)Route 3:chain branching reactions followed by hydrogen abstraction from secondary carbon,leading to low-polymerization fuel radicals.Routes 1 and 2 are chain-branching reaction pathways common to all PODE molecules;Route 3 is a reaction pathway exclusive to highly polymerized PODE,where low-polymerization fuel radicals in the decomposition products enhance the reactivity by continuing to react with oxygen.In contrast,PODE1 exhibited significantly lower reactivity than the other components because of the absence of Route 3 reaction pathway.The kinetic mechanism of PODE fuel reactivity as a function of the degree of polymerization was elucidated.Our findings are beneficial for the development of more precise computational models to predict the combustion behavior of PODE as an alternative fuel.展开更多
A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications,such as short-lived isotope production,nuclear...A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications,such as short-lived isotope production,nuclear waste disposal,and nuclear safeguards.However,the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited,and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes.In this study,a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides,including the mass yield distributions(MYD) and isobaric charge distributions(ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons(n_(p)) and prompt γ rays(γ_(p)).The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input.These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV,which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework.Finally,we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including ^(232)Th,^(235,238)U and ^(240)Pu.It is found that the ^(238)U(γ,f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the ^(232)Th(γ,f) reaction.In addition,the average multiplicity number of both n_(p) and yp increases with the average excitation energy.展开更多
Based on a detailed illustration for bridge life cycle design which comprises the processes of service life design,aesthetics design,performance design,environmental and ecological design,inspection,maintenance and re...Based on a detailed illustration for bridge life cycle design which comprises the processes of service life design,aesthetics design,performance design,environmental and ecological design,inspection,maintenance and repair design as well as cost analysis,this paper presented a general framework for bridge life cycle design comprising three design phases and six design processes.展开更多
The dynamical framework of the nine-level version of the IAP AGCM is presented in this paper. The emphasis of the model's description is put on the following two aspects:(1) A model's standard atmosphere, whic...The dynamical framework of the nine-level version of the IAP AGCM is presented in this paper. The emphasis of the model's description is put on the following two aspects:(1) A model's standard atmosphere, which is a satisfactory approximation to the observed troposphere and lower stratosphere standard atmosphere, is introduced into the equations of the model to permit a more accurate calculation of the vertical transport terms, especially near the tropopause; (2) The vertical levels of the model are carefully selected to guarantee a smooth dependence of layer thickness upon pressure in order to reduce the truncation error involved in the unequal interval vertical finite-differencing. For testing the model, two kinds of linear baroclinic Rossby-Haurwitz waves, one of which has a dynamically stable vertical structure and the other has a relatively unstable one, are constructed to provide initial conditions for numerical experiments. The two waves have been integrated for more than 300 days and 100 days respectively by using the model and both of them are propagating westward with almost identical phase-speed during the time period of the integrations. No obvious change of the wave patterns is found at the levels in the model's troposphere. The amplitudes of both two waves at the uppermost level, however, exhibit rather significant oscillation with time, of which the periods are exactly 20 days and 25 days espectively.The explanation of this interesting phenomena is still under investigation.展开更多
On the basis of KDD(Knowledge Discovery based on Database), this paper proposesthe general framework of open KDD system, discusses its theoretical foundation and realization of technology of its key technology-double ...On the basis of KDD(Knowledge Discovery based on Database), this paper proposesthe general framework of open KDD system, discusses its theoretical foundation and realization of technology of its key technology-double base cooperating mechanism, and especially introduces themining method of cause-and-effect rule. The result of initial illustration shows that the structure ofKDD is effective and available.展开更多
The explanation and simulation of the natural and artificial intelligence are the central goals of the studies of Neuroscience, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. This paper first gives an intr...The explanation and simulation of the natural and artificial intelligence are the central goals of the studies of Neuroscience, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. This paper first gives an introduction to the core topics and approaches in the study. Then, GAF--a general adaptive framework for neural system is proposed. Interdisciplinary discussions around the adaptation of the human nervous system are presented. Rules describing the theory of adaptation of the nervous system are provided.展开更多
Embodied Intelligence,which integrates physical interaction capabilities with cognitive computation in real-world scenarios,provides a promising path to achieve Artificial General Intelligence(AGI).Recently,the landsc...Embodied Intelligence,which integrates physical interaction capabilities with cognitive computation in real-world scenarios,provides a promising path to achieve Artificial General Intelligence(AGI).Recently,the landscape of embodied intelligence has grown profoundly,empowering robotics,autonomous driving,intelligent manufacturing,and so on.This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the evolution of embodied intelligence,tracing its journey from philosophical roots to contemporary advancements.We emphasize significant progress in the integration of perceptual,cognitive,and behavioral components,rather than focusing on these elements in isolation.Despite these advancements,several challenges remain,including hardware limitations,model generalization,physical world understanding,multimodal integration,and ethical considerations,which are critical for the development of robust and reliable embodied intelligence systems.To address these challenges,we outline future research directions,emphasizing Large Perception-Cognition-Behavior(PCB)models,physical intelligence,and morphological intelligence.Central to these perspectives is the general agent framework termed as Bcent,which integrates perception,cognition,and behavior dynamics.Bcent aims to enhance the adaptability,robustness,and intelligence of embodied systems,aligning with the ongoing progress in robotics,autonomous systems,healthcare,and more.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by National NSF of China(Nos.61872095,61872128,61571139 and 61201393)New Star of Pearl River on Science and Technology of Guangzhou(No.2014J2200085)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security(Grant No.ML-2018-03)the Opening Project of Guang Dong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology(Grant No.2017B030314131-15)Natural Science Foundation of Xizang(No.2016ZR-MZ-01).
文摘This paper proposes a two-step general framework for reversible data hiding(RDH)schemes with controllable contrast enhancement.The first step aims at preserving visual perception as much as possible on the basis of achieving high embedding capacity(EC),while the second step is used for increasing image contrast.In the second step,some peak-pairs are utilized so that the histogram of pixel values is modified to perform histogram equalization(HE),which would lead to the image contrast enhancement.However,for HE,the utilization of some peak-pairs easily leads to over-enhanced image contrast when a large number of bits are embedded.Therefore,in our proposed framework,contrast over-enhancement is avoided by controlling the degree of contrast enhancement.Since the second step can only provide a small amount of data due to controlled contrast enhancement,the first one helps to achieve a large amount of data without degrading visual quality.Any RDH method which can achieve high EC while preserve good visual quality,can be selected for the first step.In fact,Gao et al.’s method is a special case of our proposed framework.In addition,two simple and commonly-used RDH methods are also introduced to further demonstrate the generalization of our framework.
文摘With the development of message service in telecom networks as well as the Internet,multiple message service formats have been emerging,including Short Message Service (SMS),Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),Mobile Email Message (MEM) and Instant Message (IM).Based on the latest research achievements of OMA CPM Organization and GSMA RCS Organization,the message service evolution may have two phases:Integration and convergence,with corresponding overall framework realization methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:52176128)Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program Project(Grant No.:2024JC-YBMS-312).
文摘Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers(PODEs)have emerged as promising clean alternative fuels for compression-ignition engines.The combustion characteristics of PODE vary with the degree of polymerization,necessitating a deeper understanding of their kinetic behavior.This study constructed and validated a kinetic mechanism for PODE_(2–3)based on a previously developed detailed kinetic mechanism for PODE_(1).The good performance of the proposed model in reproducing the data indicates the validity of the constructed kinetic mechanism for PODE_(2–3).A general framework for PODE reaction pathways was proposed,with special attention paid to the reaction kinetics of each original reaction.Three source routes of PODE reactivity were elucidated:(1)Route 1:a typical chain branching reaction after hydrogen abstraction from the primary carbon,followed by two oxygenation reactions;(2)Route 2:chain branching reactions in the decomposition of partial hydroperoxyl fuel radicals to carbonyl hydroperoxides;and(3)Route 3:chain branching reactions followed by hydrogen abstraction from secondary carbon,leading to low-polymerization fuel radicals.Routes 1 and 2 are chain-branching reaction pathways common to all PODE molecules;Route 3 is a reaction pathway exclusive to highly polymerized PODE,where low-polymerization fuel radicals in the decomposition products enhance the reactivity by continuing to react with oxygen.In contrast,PODE1 exhibited significantly lower reactivity than the other components because of the absence of Route 3 reaction pathway.The kinetic mechanism of PODE fuel reactivity as a function of the degree of polymerization was elucidated.Our findings are beneficial for the development of more precise computational models to predict the combustion behavior of PODE as an alternative fuel.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11675075)Independent research project of key laboratory of plasma physics,CAEP(JCKYS2021212009)Hengyang Municipal Science and Technology Project (202150054076)。
文摘A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications,such as short-lived isotope production,nuclear waste disposal,and nuclear safeguards.However,the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited,and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes.In this study,a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides,including the mass yield distributions(MYD) and isobaric charge distributions(ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons(n_(p)) and prompt γ rays(γ_(p)).The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input.These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV,which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework.Finally,we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including ^(232)Th,^(235,238)U and ^(240)Pu.It is found that the ^(238)U(γ,f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the ^(232)Th(γ,f) reaction.In addition,the average multiplicity number of both n_(p) and yp increases with the average excitation energy.
文摘Based on a detailed illustration for bridge life cycle design which comprises the processes of service life design,aesthetics design,performance design,environmental and ecological design,inspection,maintenance and repair design as well as cost analysis,this paper presented a general framework for bridge life cycle design comprising three design phases and six design processes.
文摘The dynamical framework of the nine-level version of the IAP AGCM is presented in this paper. The emphasis of the model's description is put on the following two aspects:(1) A model's standard atmosphere, which is a satisfactory approximation to the observed troposphere and lower stratosphere standard atmosphere, is introduced into the equations of the model to permit a more accurate calculation of the vertical transport terms, especially near the tropopause; (2) The vertical levels of the model are carefully selected to guarantee a smooth dependence of layer thickness upon pressure in order to reduce the truncation error involved in the unequal interval vertical finite-differencing. For testing the model, two kinds of linear baroclinic Rossby-Haurwitz waves, one of which has a dynamically stable vertical structure and the other has a relatively unstable one, are constructed to provide initial conditions for numerical experiments. The two waves have been integrated for more than 300 days and 100 days respectively by using the model and both of them are propagating westward with almost identical phase-speed during the time period of the integrations. No obvious change of the wave patterns is found at the levels in the model's troposphere. The amplitudes of both two waves at the uppermost level, however, exhibit rather significant oscillation with time, of which the periods are exactly 20 days and 25 days espectively.The explanation of this interesting phenomena is still under investigation.
文摘On the basis of KDD(Knowledge Discovery based on Database), this paper proposesthe general framework of open KDD system, discusses its theoretical foundation and realization of technology of its key technology-double base cooperating mechanism, and especially introduces themining method of cause-and-effect rule. The result of initial illustration shows that the structure ofKDD is effective and available.
基金This work is partly supported by China 863 Project Foundation
文摘The explanation and simulation of the natural and artificial intelligence are the central goals of the studies of Neuroscience, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. This paper first gives an introduction to the core topics and approaches in the study. Then, GAF--a general adaptive framework for neural system is proposed. Interdisciplinary discussions around the adaptation of the human nervous system are presented. Rules describing the theory of adaptation of the nervous system are provided.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2018AAA0102903).
文摘Embodied Intelligence,which integrates physical interaction capabilities with cognitive computation in real-world scenarios,provides a promising path to achieve Artificial General Intelligence(AGI).Recently,the landscape of embodied intelligence has grown profoundly,empowering robotics,autonomous driving,intelligent manufacturing,and so on.This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the evolution of embodied intelligence,tracing its journey from philosophical roots to contemporary advancements.We emphasize significant progress in the integration of perceptual,cognitive,and behavioral components,rather than focusing on these elements in isolation.Despite these advancements,several challenges remain,including hardware limitations,model generalization,physical world understanding,multimodal integration,and ethical considerations,which are critical for the development of robust and reliable embodied intelligence systems.To address these challenges,we outline future research directions,emphasizing Large Perception-Cognition-Behavior(PCB)models,physical intelligence,and morphological intelligence.Central to these perspectives is the general agent framework termed as Bcent,which integrates perception,cognition,and behavior dynamics.Bcent aims to enhance the adaptability,robustness,and intelligence of embodied systems,aligning with the ongoing progress in robotics,autonomous systems,healthcare,and more.
