Inflammation plays a significant role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines is the essential step in glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity induced mitochondrial injury,o...Inflammation plays a significant role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines is the essential step in glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity induced mitochondrial injury,oxidative stress and beta cell apoptosis in T2 DM.Among the recognized markers are interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1,IL-10,IL-18,tissue necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein,resistin,adiponectin,tissue plasminogen activator,fibrinogen and heptoglobins.Diabetes mellitus has firm genetic and very strong environmental influence; exhibiting a polygenic mode of inheritance.Many single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in various genes including those of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines have been reported as a risk for T2 DM.Not all the SNPs have been confirmed by unifying results in different studies and wide variations have been reported in various ethnic groups.The inter-ethnic variations can be explained by the fact that gene expression may be regulated by gene-gene,gene-environment and gene-nutrient interactions.This review highlights the impact of these interactions on determining the role of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6,TNF-α,resistin and adiponectin in pathogenesis of T2 DM.展开更多
As genetic factors can hardly explain the changes taking place during short time spans, environmental and lifestyle-related factors have been suggested as the causes of time-related deterioration of male reproductive ...As genetic factors can hardly explain the changes taking place during short time spans, environmental and lifestyle-related factors have been suggested as the causes of time-related deterioration of male reproductive function. However, considering the strong heterogeneity of male fecundity between and within populations, genetic variants might be important determinants of the individual susceptibility to the adverse effects of environment or lifestyle. Although the possible mechanisms of such interplay in relation to the reproductive system are largely unknown, some recent studies have indicated that specific genotypes may confer a larger risk of male reproductive disorders following certain exposures. This paper presents a critical review of animal and human evidence on how genes may modify environmental effects on male reproductive function. Some examples have been found that support this mechanism, but the number of studies is still limited. This type of interaction studies may improve our understanding of normal physiology and help us to identify the risk factors to male reproductive malfunction. We also shortly discuss other aspects of gene-environment interaction specifically associated with the issue of reproduction, namely environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause of sperm DNA damage. It remains to be investigated to what extent such genetic changes, by natural conception or through the use of assisted reproductive techniques, are transmitted to the next generation, thereby causing increased morbidity in the offspring.展开更多
Styrene and ethylbenzene(S/EB)are identified as hazardous air contaminants that raise significant concerns.The association between S/EB exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and the interaction ...Styrene and ethylbenzene(S/EB)are identified as hazardous air contaminants that raise significant concerns.The association between S/EB exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and the interaction between genes and environment,remains poorly understood.Our study consisted of 2219 Chinese adults who were part of the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort.A follow-up assessment was conducted after six years.Exposure to S/EB was quantified by determining the concentrations of urinary biomarkers of exposure to S/EB(UBE-S/EB;urinary phenylglyoxylic acid level plus urinary mandelic acid level).Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the relations of UBE-S/EB and genetic risk score(GRS)with T2DM prevalence and incidence.The interaction effects of UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM were investigated on multiplicative and additive scales.UBE-S/EB was dose-dependently and positively related to T2DM prevalence and incidence.Participants with high levels of UBE-S/EB[relative risk(RR)=1.930,95%confidence interval(CI):1.157-3.309]or GRS(1.943,1.110-3.462)demonstrated the highest risk of incident T2DM,in comparison to those with low levels of UBE-S/EB or GRS.Significant additive interaction between UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM incidence was discovered with relative excess risk due to interaction(95%CI)of 0.178(0.065-0.292).The RR(95%CI)of T2DM incidence was 2.602(1.238-6.140)for individuals with high UBE-S/EB and high GRS,compared to those with low UBE-S/EB and low GRS.This study presented the initial evidence that S/EB exposure was significantly related to increased risk of T2DM incidence,and the relationship was interactively aggravated by genetic predisposition.展开更多
针对石油污染问题,研究提取了石油污染土壤中的厌氧菌群,并将其用于对菲的厌氧降解,进而探究了反应时间、反应温度、接种量和pH值对微生物厌氧降解菲的影响。此外,通过测序分析降解前和降解后微生物菌群宏基因组,解析了微生物群落演替规...针对石油污染问题,研究提取了石油污染土壤中的厌氧菌群,并将其用于对菲的厌氧降解,进而探究了反应时间、反应温度、接种量和pH值对微生物厌氧降解菲的影响。此外,通过测序分析降解前和降解后微生物菌群宏基因组,解析了微生物群落演替规律,揭示了降解后的优势菌门及优势菌属,以及降解过程中的关键功能基因和代谢途径。结果显示:在温度为30℃,按菌液量为培养基总体积的5%。pH值为7的条件下,反应时间为96 h时所提取的厌氧菌群对菲的降解率可达93.21%,准二级动力学模型可较好地描述其降解反应过程,表明反应速率由微生物活性与底物浓度的协同作用主导。宏基因组测序发现,降解后的Pseudomonadota(假单胞菌门)相对丰度显著提升至93.82%,成为优势菌门,Acinetobacter(不动杆菌属)相对丰度显著提升至87.94%,成为优势菌属。功能基因注释显示,菲的厌氧降解过程涉及甲基化、羟基化和羧基化等关键激活机制,其中苯甲酸1,2-双加氧酶与儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶分别调控芳环羟基化及间位裂解反应。COG注释结果下降,表明微生物群落结构重塑,优势菌群更替。根据京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)注释的通路,发现对于菲的代谢途径为菲在多环芳烃双加氧酶的催化下解环变为1-甲基萘后,进一步转变为儿茶酚,然后变为乙酰辅酶A并进入三羧酸循环。KEGG功能富集分析发现,菲的厌氧微生物代谢途径主要为氧化磷酸化+缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解+细菌分泌系统+脂肪酸降解。展开更多
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is increasingly conceptualized as a dynamic neurodevelopmental condition,marked by fluctuating symptom trajectories across development rather than the traditional static p...Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is increasingly conceptualized as a dynamic neurodevelopmental condition,marked by fluctuating symptom trajectories across development rather than the traditional static patterns of persistence or remission.This review synthesizes empirical evidence on the varied trajectories of ADHD symptoms-including late-onset,partial remission,and recurrent fluctuation patterns-and underscores their clinical significance in longterm functioning.We adopt a multifactorial framework to explore how genetic,environmental,and gene–environment interactions contribute to the emergence and evolution of ADHD symptoms over time.In addition,we consider how medication-related variables-particularly tolerance and adherence-may influence symptom fluctuation.Characterizing these developmental dynamics offers critical guidance for designing flexible,personalized interventions that align with individual trajectories and transitional vulnerabilities.展开更多
文摘Inflammation plays a significant role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines is the essential step in glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity induced mitochondrial injury,oxidative stress and beta cell apoptosis in T2 DM.Among the recognized markers are interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1,IL-10,IL-18,tissue necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein,resistin,adiponectin,tissue plasminogen activator,fibrinogen and heptoglobins.Diabetes mellitus has firm genetic and very strong environmental influence; exhibiting a polygenic mode of inheritance.Many single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in various genes including those of pro and antiinflammatory cytokines have been reported as a risk for T2 DM.Not all the SNPs have been confirmed by unifying results in different studies and wide variations have been reported in various ethnic groups.The inter-ethnic variations can be explained by the fact that gene expression may be regulated by gene-gene,gene-environment and gene-nutrient interactions.This review highlights the impact of these interactions on determining the role of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6,TNF-α,resistin and adiponectin in pathogenesis of T2 DM.
文摘As genetic factors can hardly explain the changes taking place during short time spans, environmental and lifestyle-related factors have been suggested as the causes of time-related deterioration of male reproductive function. However, considering the strong heterogeneity of male fecundity between and within populations, genetic variants might be important determinants of the individual susceptibility to the adverse effects of environment or lifestyle. Although the possible mechanisms of such interplay in relation to the reproductive system are largely unknown, some recent studies have indicated that specific genotypes may confer a larger risk of male reproductive disorders following certain exposures. This paper presents a critical review of animal and human evidence on how genes may modify environmental effects on male reproductive function. Some examples have been found that support this mechanism, but the number of studies is still limited. This type of interaction studies may improve our understanding of normal physiology and help us to identify the risk factors to male reproductive malfunction. We also shortly discuss other aspects of gene-environment interaction specifically associated with the issue of reproduction, namely environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause of sperm DNA damage. It remains to be investigated to what extent such genetic changes, by natural conception or through the use of assisted reproductive techniques, are transmitted to the next generation, thereby causing increased morbidity in the offspring.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82241088,82203996).
文摘Styrene and ethylbenzene(S/EB)are identified as hazardous air contaminants that raise significant concerns.The association between S/EB exposure and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and the interaction between genes and environment,remains poorly understood.Our study consisted of 2219 Chinese adults who were part of the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort.A follow-up assessment was conducted after six years.Exposure to S/EB was quantified by determining the concentrations of urinary biomarkers of exposure to S/EB(UBE-S/EB;urinary phenylglyoxylic acid level plus urinary mandelic acid level).Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the relations of UBE-S/EB and genetic risk score(GRS)with T2DM prevalence and incidence.The interaction effects of UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM were investigated on multiplicative and additive scales.UBE-S/EB was dose-dependently and positively related to T2DM prevalence and incidence.Participants with high levels of UBE-S/EB[relative risk(RR)=1.930,95%confidence interval(CI):1.157-3.309]or GRS(1.943,1.110-3.462)demonstrated the highest risk of incident T2DM,in comparison to those with low levels of UBE-S/EB or GRS.Significant additive interaction between UBE-S/EB and GRS on T2DM incidence was discovered with relative excess risk due to interaction(95%CI)of 0.178(0.065-0.292).The RR(95%CI)of T2DM incidence was 2.602(1.238-6.140)for individuals with high UBE-S/EB and high GRS,compared to those with low UBE-S/EB and low GRS.This study presented the initial evidence that S/EB exposure was significantly related to increased risk of T2DM incidence,and the relationship was interactively aggravated by genetic predisposition.
文摘针对石油污染问题,研究提取了石油污染土壤中的厌氧菌群,并将其用于对菲的厌氧降解,进而探究了反应时间、反应温度、接种量和pH值对微生物厌氧降解菲的影响。此外,通过测序分析降解前和降解后微生物菌群宏基因组,解析了微生物群落演替规律,揭示了降解后的优势菌门及优势菌属,以及降解过程中的关键功能基因和代谢途径。结果显示:在温度为30℃,按菌液量为培养基总体积的5%。pH值为7的条件下,反应时间为96 h时所提取的厌氧菌群对菲的降解率可达93.21%,准二级动力学模型可较好地描述其降解反应过程,表明反应速率由微生物活性与底物浓度的协同作用主导。宏基因组测序发现,降解后的Pseudomonadota(假单胞菌门)相对丰度显著提升至93.82%,成为优势菌门,Acinetobacter(不动杆菌属)相对丰度显著提升至87.94%,成为优势菌属。功能基因注释显示,菲的厌氧降解过程涉及甲基化、羟基化和羧基化等关键激活机制,其中苯甲酸1,2-双加氧酶与儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶分别调控芳环羟基化及间位裂解反应。COG注释结果下降,表明微生物群落结构重塑,优势菌群更替。根据京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)注释的通路,发现对于菲的代谢途径为菲在多环芳烃双加氧酶的催化下解环变为1-甲基萘后,进一步转变为儿茶酚,然后变为乙酰辅酶A并进入三羧酸循环。KEGG功能富集分析发现,菲的厌氧微生物代谢途径主要为氧化磷酸化+缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解+细菌分泌系统+脂肪酸降解。
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.RCYX20221008092849069The Guangdong High-Level Hospital Construction Fund.
文摘Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is increasingly conceptualized as a dynamic neurodevelopmental condition,marked by fluctuating symptom trajectories across development rather than the traditional static patterns of persistence or remission.This review synthesizes empirical evidence on the varied trajectories of ADHD symptoms-including late-onset,partial remission,and recurrent fluctuation patterns-and underscores their clinical significance in longterm functioning.We adopt a multifactorial framework to explore how genetic,environmental,and gene–environment interactions contribute to the emergence and evolution of ADHD symptoms over time.In addition,we consider how medication-related variables-particularly tolerance and adherence-may influence symptom fluctuation.Characterizing these developmental dynamics offers critical guidance for designing flexible,personalized interventions that align with individual trajectories and transitional vulnerabilities.
