Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communi...Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone...Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.展开更多
Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting t...Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting their potential applications.Therefore,it is imperative to study the creation of lowfrequency signals using antennas with suitable dimensions.In contrast to conventional mechanical antenna techniques,our study generates low-frequency signals in the spatial domain utilizing the principle of the Doppler effect.We also defines the antenna array architecture,the timing sequency,and the radiating element signal waveform,and provides experimental prototypes including 8/64 antennas based on earlier research.In the conducted experiments,121 MHz,40 MHz,and 10 kHz composite signals are generated by 156 MHz radiating element signals.The composite signal spectrum matches the simulations,proving our low-frequency signal generating method works.This holds significant implications for research on generating low-frequency signals with small-sized antennas.展开更多
Energy harvesting storage hybrid devices have garnered considerable attention as self-rechargeable power sources for wireless and ubiquitous electronics.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),a common type of energy harv...Energy harvesting storage hybrid devices have garnered considerable attention as self-rechargeable power sources for wireless and ubiquitous electronics.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),a common type of energy harvester,generate alternating current-based,irregular short pulses,posing a challenge for storing the generated electrical energy in energy storage systems that typically operate with direct current(DC)-based low-frequency response.In this study,we propose a new strategy that leverages high-frequency response to develop efficient chargeable TENG-supercapacitor(SC)hybrid devices.A highfrequency SC was fabricated using hollow-structured MXene electrode materials,resulting in a twofold increase in the charging efficiency of the hybrid device compared to a control SC made with conventional carbon electrode materials.For a systematic understanding,the electrochemical interplay between the TENGs and SCs was investigated as a function of the frequency characteristics of SCs(f_(SC))and the output pulse duration of TENGs(Δt_(TENG)).Increasing the fSC·Δt_(TENG) enhanced the charging efficiency of the TENG-SC hybrid devices.This study highlights the importance of frequency response design in developing efficient chargeable TENG-SC hybrid devices.展开更多
This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic properties of rotating functionally graded sandwich rectangular plates in a thermal environment.The nonlinear vibration equations for a rotating metal-ceramic functionally...This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic properties of rotating functionally graded sandwich rectangular plates in a thermal environment.The nonlinear vibration equations for a rotating metal-ceramic functionally graded sandwich rectangular plate in a thermal environment are derived using classical thin plate theory and Hamilton’s principle,considering geometric nonlinearity,temperature-dependent material properties,and power law distribution of components through the thickness.With cantilever boundary conditions,the flexural nonlinear differential equations of the rectangular sandwich plate are obtained via the Galerkin method.Since the natural vibration differential equations exhibit nonlinear characteristics,the multiscale method is employed to derive the expression for nonlinear natural frequency.An example analysis reveals how the natural frequency of a functionally graded sandwich rectangular plate varies with rotational speed and temperature.Results show that the nonlinear/linear frequency ratio increases with rotational angular velocity Ω and thickness-to-length ratio h/a,follows a cosine-like periodic pattern with the setting angle,and shows a sharp decrease followed by a rapid increase with increasing width-to-length ratio b/a.The derived analytical solutions for nonlinear frequency provide valuable insights for assessing the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded structures.展开更多
To enhance the frequency stability and lower the regulation mileage payment of a multiarea integrated energy system(IES)that supports the power Internet of Things(IoT),this paper proposes a data-driven cooperative met...To enhance the frequency stability and lower the regulation mileage payment of a multiarea integrated energy system(IES)that supports the power Internet of Things(IoT),this paper proposes a data-driven cooperative method for automatic generation control(AGC).The method consists of adaptive fractional-order proportional-integral(FOPI)controllers and a novel efficient integration exploration multiagent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(EIE-MATD3)algorithm.The FOPI controllers are designed for each area based on the performancebased frequency regulation market mechanism.The EIE-MATD3 algorithm is used to tune the coefficients of the FOPI controllers in real time using centralized training and decentralized execution.The algorithm incorporates imitation learning and efficient integration exploration to obtain a more robust coordinated control strategy.An experiment on the four-area China Southern Grid(CSG)real-time digital system shows that the proposed method can improve the control performance and reduce the regulation mileage payment of each area in the IES.展开更多
Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa su...Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa such as cephalopods,systematic evaluation of reference genes is limited,leading to potential bias.The cuttlefish Sepiella japonica is ecologically and economically important in China,yet previous molecular studies have often relied on single unvalidated reference genes,which may compromise data reliability.This study aimed to systematically evaluate the stability of five commonly used reference genes(18S,ef-1α,ef-1γ,gapdh,andβ-actin)across multiple tissues and sexes of S.japonica,and to identify the most suitable reference genes and optimal number for qPCR normalization.Fifteen to sixteen tissue types were collected from ten healthy adults(five males and five females).Total RNA was extracted,reverse-transcribed,and analyzed by qPCR.Gene stability was assessed using four algorithms(geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,andΔCt)integrated with RefFinder,and the optimal gene number was determined using geNorm pairwise variation(V_(n/n+1)<0.15).Four transcriptome-derived genes(creld2,cd109,acy1,and miox)were used for validation.The C_(t)values of the five genes ranged from 15.47 to 20.83.β-actin and gapdh showed pronounced variability in expression stability among tissues and sexes,indicating their limited suitability for normalization.18S exhibited the highest expression(mean C_(t):15.47-16.29)and lowest variability but displayed sex-biased expression,whereas ef-1αand ef-1γremained consistently stable across most tissues in both sexes,with ef-1αbeing the most robust and showing no sex-related bias.Although specific rankings varied among tissues and sexes,the comprehensive results indicated that ef-1αand ef-1γpossessed the highest overall stability,followed by 18S,whileβ-actin and gapdh were the least stable.The final comprehensive rankings were ef-1γ>ef-1α>18S>gapdh>β-actin(male)and ef-1α>ef-1γ>18S>gapdh>β-actin(female).geNorm analysis(V2/3<0.15)indicated that two genes,mainly ef-1αand ef-1γ,were generally sufficient for reliable normalization in most tissues.Validation confirmed that normalization using the stable ef-1αand ef-1γaccurately reflected the expression differences among tissues,whereasβ-actin and gapdh can bias or confound statistical analyses.ef-1αand ef-1γare identified as the most reliable reference gene combination for qPCR analysis in S.japonica,while 18S can serve as an auxiliary gene for within-sex comparisons.The use ofβ-actin or gapdh alone is not recommended.This study establishes a systematic framework for selecting reliable reference genes in S.japonica,thereby facilitating robust qPCR normalization and providing a foundation for future gene expression research in S.japonica and other cephalopods.展开更多
This paper addresses the performance degradation issue in a fast radio burst search pipeline based on deep learning.This issue is caused by the class imbalance of the radio frequency interference samples in the traini...This paper addresses the performance degradation issue in a fast radio burst search pipeline based on deep learning.This issue is caused by the class imbalance of the radio frequency interference samples in the training dataset,and one solution is applied to improve the distribution of the training data by augmenting minority class samples using a deep convolutional generative adversarial network.Experi.mental results demonstrate that retraining the deep learning model with the newly generated dataset leads to a new fast radio burst classifier,which effectively reduces false positives caused by periodic wide-band impulsive radio frequency interference,thereby enhancing the performance of the search pipeline.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
Polyploidization is a commonly employed strategy in crop breeding to augment genetic diversity,particularly leveraging the distinctive benefits of additional progressive heterosis or multi-generation heterosis unique ...Polyploidization is a commonly employed strategy in crop breeding to augment genetic diversity,particularly leveraging the distinctive benefits of additional progressive heterosis or multi-generation heterosis unique to polyploidy.Despite genetic disparities between polyploids and diploids,challenges stem from reproductive anomalies,complicating genetic investigations in polyploid systems.Through nearly two decades of intensive research,our team has effectively generated a series of fertile tetraploid lines known as neo-tetraploid rice(NTR),facilitating comparative genetic studies between diploid and tetraploid rice.In this study,we identified diploid counterparts(H3d and H8d)for two NTR lines[Huaduo 3(H3)and Huaduo 8(H8)]and utilized them to create diploid and tetraploid fertile F_(2) populations to assess genotype segregation ratios,recombination rates,and their impact on QTL mapping via bulked segregant analysis combined with sequencing(BSA-seq).Additionally,we assessed yield heterosis in F_(1) and F_(2) generations of two tetraploid populations(H3×H8 and T449×H1),revealing evidence of multi-generation heterosis in polyploid rice.These findings provide valuable insights into the advantages and challenges of polyploid rice breeding.展开更多
[Objectives]To clone the fbpA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and perform bioinformatic analyses,aiming to preliminarily elucidate the structure and function of the FbpA protein.[Methods]The fbpA gene was...[Objectives]To clone the fbpA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and perform bioinformatic analyses,aiming to preliminarily elucidate the structure and function of the FbpA protein.[Methods]The fbpA gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced.Bioinformatics software was employed to analyze the fbpA gene sequence and the deduced FbpA protein for physicochemical properties,signal peptides,transmembrane structures,functional sites,subcellular localization,homology comparisons,phylogenetic analysis,and structural prediction.[Results]The fbpA gene(1014 bp,encoding 337 amino acids,GenBank accession number PP707017)was successfully cloned.The FbpA protein was identified as a stable hydrophilic protein(molecular weight 37.589 kD,pI 5.97)containing a signal peptide,lacking transmembrane domains,and predicted to be localized extracellularly.It harbors 7 N-myristoylation sites,8 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 7 microbody C-terminal targeting signal sites.The protein is highly conserved within the Vibrio genus,exhibiting 99.41%and 99.40%similarity to the Vibrio diabolicus subgroup and Vibrio antiquarius,respectively,with all three clustering together on the same evolutionary branch.Secondary structure prediction indicated a predominance of alpha-helices(49.85%)and random coils(30.27%).[Conclusions]This study successfully cloned the fbpA gene and characterized the structural features and evolutionary relationships of the FbpA protein,laying a foundation for further investigation into its role in the pathogenesis of V.alginolyticus and the development of vaccines.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a genetic analysis of Han-Chinese patients with isolated congenital ptosis(ICP)and identify the genetic variants related to the condition.METHODS:Sixty-five unrelated patients with ICP were enrolled.Com...AIM:To conduct a genetic analysis of Han-Chinese patients with isolated congenital ptosis(ICP)and identify the genetic variants related to the condition.METHODS:Sixty-five unrelated patients with ICP were enrolled.Comprehensive clinical examinations,whole exome sequencing(WES),and Sanger sequencing were used to reveal the potential genetic causes.Combined with public and in-house control databases,multiple bioinformatics prediction tools,and conservation analysis,the potential variants were further analyzed.AlphaFold 3,an accurate modelling prediction tool,was utilized to generate three-dimensional structural models of both wild-type and mutated proteins.RESULTS:Three novel heterozygous variants in the zinc finger homeobox 4 gene(ZFHX4),c.5145C>A(p.N1715K),c.10382C>T(p.A3461V),and c.10795G>A(p.A3599T),were identified in three patients,respectively.Bioinformatics analyses suggested that these variants are likely to exert deleterious effects,supporting their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of ptosis.CONCLUSION:The novel heterozygous ZFHX4 variants are identified as disease-associated variants in three patients with ptosis,suggesting that ZFHX4 may be a disease-causing gene for autosomal dominant ICP with incomplete penetrance or a susceptibility gene.These findings expand the variant spectrum of ZFHX4,improve understanding of the pathogenesis of ZFHX4-related ptosis,and may contribute to the genetic counseling and disease management,as well as the development of experimental treatments.展开更多
Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To addre...Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.展开更多
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challe...With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.展开更多
Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns ...Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns under various abiotic stresses,subcellular localization,and bioinformatics analysis of the encoded amino acid sequence were conducted.The results showed that the coding region of the DsCBL4 gene was 675 bp long,encoding 224 amino acids.It had high homology with the amino acids encoded by Amaranthus tricolor,Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea.The predicted relative molecular mass of DsCBL4 was 25.61 ku,with an isoelectric point of 4.58,and it had phosphorylation sites,belonging to an unstable hydrophilic protein.Its secondary structure includedα-helices,irregular coils and extended chains.The tertiary structure prediction revealed that DsCBL4 had four EFhand calcium-binding domains necessary for Ca2+binding in plant calmodulin-like proteins and the FPSF motif for calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)activation.The expression level of the DsCBL4 gene showed tissue specificity,with the highest expression in roots.It was induced by drought,low temperature,combined drought and low temperature,salt stress,nitrogen stress,phosphorus stress,calcium ion stress,high temperature stress,and abscisic acid(ABA)stress.Both transient infection in Nicotiana tabacum L.and stable expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the DsCBL4 protein was localized to the cell membrane.These results suggested that DsCBL4 might be involved in the abiotic stress response of Dianthus spiculifolius through the calcium signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for understanding its molecular mechanism.This study provided an important reference for further exploring the role of the DsCBLs gene family in plant stress resistance.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their un...Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.展开更多
AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induc...AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.展开更多
Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 mi...Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception.We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus(Vac)whose entire chrW,but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping,suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated.To address this,we assemble a chromosome-level genome,and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss,producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.Comparison to other lizard genomes date the stepwise propagation of specific retrotransposon subfamilies enriched near the duplicated gene pairs on the chrW and chr2 to the varanid ancestor.These retrotransposons probably have mediated the recruitment and amplification of autosomal genes on the chrW,including members of a large vomeronasal chemosensory receptor gene family V2R.Our results suggest that the W or Y chromosome as a refugium of repetitive elements,may recurrently recruit short-lived functional genes responsible for sexual dimorphisms during its long-term course of degeneration.展开更多
Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise...Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise the so-called‘Nitrogen Fixing Nodulation Clade’(NFNC).The majority of nodulation studies have focused on Leguminosae,given their agricultural and environmental importance,as well as the widespread occurrence of nodulation among members of this family.Endowing cereal crops with nitrogen fixation,like Leguminosae,presents a strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of synthetic fertilizer overuse.Different hypotheses on the origin of RNS have been proposed;however,key genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS,even in Leguminosae,have been rarely reported.In this review,we begin by examining current knowledge of genetic innovations―including gene gain,gene loss,and the acquisition or loss of conserved noncoding sequences(CNS)in preexisting genes.We explore the available evidence supporting these genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and offer the phylogenomics approach that could be applied to uncover these genetic innovations.Finally,we conclude by proposing a model of genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and consider the potential implications for the development of nitrogen-fixing crops.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62405250 and 62471404)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762955)+1 种基金the Key Project of Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics(Grant No.2023GD003)the Optical Com-munication and Sensing Laboratory,School of Engineering,Westlake University.
文摘Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.
基金supported by the Ministry of Health National Medical Research Council (to JL)the National University of Singapore (to JJEC)
文摘Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.
基金Science and Technology Project of Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y910340Z2F)Science and Technology Project of BBEF(E3E2010201)。
文摘Low-frequency signals have been proven valuable in the fields of target detection and geological exploration.Nevertheless,the practical implementation of these signals is hindered by large antenna diameters,limiting their potential applications.Therefore,it is imperative to study the creation of lowfrequency signals using antennas with suitable dimensions.In contrast to conventional mechanical antenna techniques,our study generates low-frequency signals in the spatial domain utilizing the principle of the Doppler effect.We also defines the antenna array architecture,the timing sequency,and the radiating element signal waveform,and provides experimental prototypes including 8/64 antennas based on earlier research.In the conducted experiments,121 MHz,40 MHz,and 10 kHz composite signals are generated by 156 MHz radiating element signals.The composite signal spectrum matches the simulations,proving our low-frequency signal generating method works.This holds significant implications for research on generating low-frequency signals with small-sized antennas.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2024-00344021 and RS-2023-00261543)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant by the Korean Government(MSIT)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea Government(MSIT)(GTL24011-000)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(RS-2024-00420590,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
文摘Energy harvesting storage hybrid devices have garnered considerable attention as self-rechargeable power sources for wireless and ubiquitous electronics.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),a common type of energy harvester,generate alternating current-based,irregular short pulses,posing a challenge for storing the generated electrical energy in energy storage systems that typically operate with direct current(DC)-based low-frequency response.In this study,we propose a new strategy that leverages high-frequency response to develop efficient chargeable TENG-supercapacitor(SC)hybrid devices.A highfrequency SC was fabricated using hollow-structured MXene electrode materials,resulting in a twofold increase in the charging efficiency of the hybrid device compared to a control SC made with conventional carbon electrode materials.For a systematic understanding,the electrochemical interplay between the TENGs and SCs was investigated as a function of the frequency characteristics of SCs(f_(SC))and the output pulse duration of TENGs(Δt_(TENG)).Increasing the fSC·Δt_(TENG) enhanced the charging efficiency of the TENG-SC hybrid devices.This study highlights the importance of frequency response design in developing efficient chargeable TENG-SC hybrid devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11772090).
文摘This study investigates the nonlinear dynamic properties of rotating functionally graded sandwich rectangular plates in a thermal environment.The nonlinear vibration equations for a rotating metal-ceramic functionally graded sandwich rectangular plate in a thermal environment are derived using classical thin plate theory and Hamilton’s principle,considering geometric nonlinearity,temperature-dependent material properties,and power law distribution of components through the thickness.With cantilever boundary conditions,the flexural nonlinear differential equations of the rectangular sandwich plate are obtained via the Galerkin method.Since the natural vibration differential equations exhibit nonlinear characteristics,the multiscale method is employed to derive the expression for nonlinear natural frequency.An example analysis reveals how the natural frequency of a functionally graded sandwich rectangular plate varies with rotational speed and temperature.Results show that the nonlinear/linear frequency ratio increases with rotational angular velocity Ω and thickness-to-length ratio h/a,follows a cosine-like periodic pattern with the setting angle,and shows a sharp decrease followed by a rapid increase with increasing width-to-length ratio b/a.The derived analytical solutions for nonlinear frequency provide valuable insights for assessing the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded structures.
基金upported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52307118).
文摘To enhance the frequency stability and lower the regulation mileage payment of a multiarea integrated energy system(IES)that supports the power Internet of Things(IoT),this paper proposes a data-driven cooperative method for automatic generation control(AGC).The method consists of adaptive fractional-order proportional-integral(FOPI)controllers and a novel efficient integration exploration multiagent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(EIE-MATD3)algorithm.The FOPI controllers are designed for each area based on the performancebased frequency regulation market mechanism.The EIE-MATD3 algorithm is used to tune the coefficients of the FOPI controllers in real time using centralized training and decentralized execution.The algorithm incorporates imitation learning and efficient integration exploration to obtain a more robust coordinated control strategy.An experiment on the four-area China Southern Grid(CSG)real-time digital system shows that the proposed method can improve the control performance and reduce the regulation mileage payment of each area in the IES.
文摘Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa such as cephalopods,systematic evaluation of reference genes is limited,leading to potential bias.The cuttlefish Sepiella japonica is ecologically and economically important in China,yet previous molecular studies have often relied on single unvalidated reference genes,which may compromise data reliability.This study aimed to systematically evaluate the stability of five commonly used reference genes(18S,ef-1α,ef-1γ,gapdh,andβ-actin)across multiple tissues and sexes of S.japonica,and to identify the most suitable reference genes and optimal number for qPCR normalization.Fifteen to sixteen tissue types were collected from ten healthy adults(five males and five females).Total RNA was extracted,reverse-transcribed,and analyzed by qPCR.Gene stability was assessed using four algorithms(geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,andΔCt)integrated with RefFinder,and the optimal gene number was determined using geNorm pairwise variation(V_(n/n+1)<0.15).Four transcriptome-derived genes(creld2,cd109,acy1,and miox)were used for validation.The C_(t)values of the five genes ranged from 15.47 to 20.83.β-actin and gapdh showed pronounced variability in expression stability among tissues and sexes,indicating their limited suitability for normalization.18S exhibited the highest expression(mean C_(t):15.47-16.29)and lowest variability but displayed sex-biased expression,whereas ef-1αand ef-1γremained consistently stable across most tissues in both sexes,with ef-1αbeing the most robust and showing no sex-related bias.Although specific rankings varied among tissues and sexes,the comprehensive results indicated that ef-1αand ef-1γpossessed the highest overall stability,followed by 18S,whileβ-actin and gapdh were the least stable.The final comprehensive rankings were ef-1γ>ef-1α>18S>gapdh>β-actin(male)and ef-1α>ef-1γ>18S>gapdh>β-actin(female).geNorm analysis(V2/3<0.15)indicated that two genes,mainly ef-1αand ef-1γ,were generally sufficient for reliable normalization in most tissues.Validation confirmed that normalization using the stable ef-1αand ef-1γaccurately reflected the expression differences among tissues,whereasβ-actin and gapdh can bias or confound statistical analyses.ef-1αand ef-1γare identified as the most reliable reference gene combination for qPCR analysis in S.japonica,while 18S can serve as an auxiliary gene for within-sex comparisons.The use ofβ-actin or gapdh alone is not recommended.This study establishes a systematic framework for selecting reliable reference genes in S.japonica,thereby facilitating robust qPCR normalization and providing a foundation for future gene expression research in S.japonica and other cephalopods.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Science"Light of West China"Program(2022-XBQNXZ-015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11903071)the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China and administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘This paper addresses the performance degradation issue in a fast radio burst search pipeline based on deep learning.This issue is caused by the class imbalance of the radio frequency interference samples in the training dataset,and one solution is applied to improve the distribution of the training data by augmenting minority class samples using a deep convolutional generative adversarial network.Experi.mental results demonstrate that retraining the deep learning model with the newly generated dataset leads to a new fast radio burst classifier,which effectively reduces false positives caused by periodic wide-band impulsive radio frequency interference,thereby enhancing the performance of the search pipeline.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
基金supported by the National Key Resarch and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1200802)the Base Bank of Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources Project,China(Grant No.2024B1212060009).
文摘Polyploidization is a commonly employed strategy in crop breeding to augment genetic diversity,particularly leveraging the distinctive benefits of additional progressive heterosis or multi-generation heterosis unique to polyploidy.Despite genetic disparities between polyploids and diploids,challenges stem from reproductive anomalies,complicating genetic investigations in polyploid systems.Through nearly two decades of intensive research,our team has effectively generated a series of fertile tetraploid lines known as neo-tetraploid rice(NTR),facilitating comparative genetic studies between diploid and tetraploid rice.In this study,we identified diploid counterparts(H3d and H8d)for two NTR lines[Huaduo 3(H3)and Huaduo 8(H8)]and utilized them to create diploid and tetraploid fertile F_(2) populations to assess genotype segregation ratios,recombination rates,and their impact on QTL mapping via bulked segregant analysis combined with sequencing(BSA-seq).Additionally,we assessed yield heterosis in F_(1) and F_(2) generations of two tetraploid populations(H3×H8 and T449×H1),revealing evidence of multi-generation heterosis in polyploid rice.These findings provide valuable insights into the advantages and challenges of polyploid rice breeding.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011061),Outstanding Graduate Entering Laboratory Project of College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean UniversityUndergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Ocean University(CXXL2025011)Undergraduate Innovation Team of Guangdong Ocean University(CCTD201802).
文摘[Objectives]To clone the fbpA gene from Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and perform bioinformatic analyses,aiming to preliminarily elucidate the structure and function of the FbpA protein.[Methods]The fbpA gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced.Bioinformatics software was employed to analyze the fbpA gene sequence and the deduced FbpA protein for physicochemical properties,signal peptides,transmembrane structures,functional sites,subcellular localization,homology comparisons,phylogenetic analysis,and structural prediction.[Results]The fbpA gene(1014 bp,encoding 337 amino acids,GenBank accession number PP707017)was successfully cloned.The FbpA protein was identified as a stable hydrophilic protein(molecular weight 37.589 kD,pI 5.97)containing a signal peptide,lacking transmembrane domains,and predicted to be localized extracellularly.It harbors 7 N-myristoylation sites,8 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 7 microbody C-terminal targeting signal sites.The protein is highly conserved within the Vibrio genus,exhibiting 99.41%and 99.40%similarity to the Vibrio diabolicus subgroup and Vibrio antiquarius,respectively,with all three clustering together on the same evolutionary branch.Secondary structure prediction indicated a predominance of alpha-helices(49.85%)and random coils(30.27%).[Conclusions]This study successfully cloned the fbpA gene and characterized the structural features and evolutionary relationships of the FbpA protein,laying a foundation for further investigation into its role in the pathogenesis of V.alginolyticus and the development of vaccines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873686)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30715)+4 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(No.A202303018385)Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(No.W20243024)Distinguished Professor of the Lotus Scholars Award Program of Hunan ProvinceSublimation Scholars Project of Central South UniversityWisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.YX202109).
文摘AIM:To conduct a genetic analysis of Han-Chinese patients with isolated congenital ptosis(ICP)and identify the genetic variants related to the condition.METHODS:Sixty-five unrelated patients with ICP were enrolled.Comprehensive clinical examinations,whole exome sequencing(WES),and Sanger sequencing were used to reveal the potential genetic causes.Combined with public and in-house control databases,multiple bioinformatics prediction tools,and conservation analysis,the potential variants were further analyzed.AlphaFold 3,an accurate modelling prediction tool,was utilized to generate three-dimensional structural models of both wild-type and mutated proteins.RESULTS:Three novel heterozygous variants in the zinc finger homeobox 4 gene(ZFHX4),c.5145C>A(p.N1715K),c.10382C>T(p.A3461V),and c.10795G>A(p.A3599T),were identified in three patients,respectively.Bioinformatics analyses suggested that these variants are likely to exert deleterious effects,supporting their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of ptosis.CONCLUSION:The novel heterozygous ZFHX4 variants are identified as disease-associated variants in three patients with ptosis,suggesting that ZFHX4 may be a disease-causing gene for autosomal dominant ICP with incomplete penetrance or a susceptibility gene.These findings expand the variant spectrum of ZFHX4,improve understanding of the pathogenesis of ZFHX4-related ptosis,and may contribute to the genetic counseling and disease management,as well as the development of experimental treatments.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China under Grant for Science and Technology Projects(No.SGNXJYOOZWJS2500029).
文摘Energy storage-equipped photovoltaic(PV-storage)systems can meet frequency regulation requirements under various operating conditions,and their coordinated support for grid frequency has become a future trend.To address frequency stability issues caused by low inertia and weak damping,this paper proposes a multi-timescale frequency regulation coordinated control strategy for PV-storage integrated systems.First,a self-synchronizing control strategy for grid-connected inverters is designed based on DC voltage dynamics,enabling active inertia support while transmitting frequency variation information.Next,an energy storage inertia support control strategy is developed to enhance the frequency nadir,and an active frequency support control strategy for PV system considering a frequency regulation deadband is proposed,where the deadband value is determined based on the power regulation margin of synchronous generators,allowing the PV-storage system to adaptively switch between inertia support and primary frequency regulation under different disturbance conditions.This approach ensures system frequency stability while fully leveraging the regulation capabilities of heterogeneous resources.Finally,the real-time digital simulation results of the PV-storage integrated system demonstrate that,compared to existing control methods,the proposed strategy effectively reduces the rate of change of frequency and improves the frequency nadir under various disturbance scenarios,verifying its effectiveness.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(Project No.YDZJ202301ZYTS284).
文摘With the increasing penetration of renewable energy,the coordination of energy storage with thermal power for frequency regulation has become an effective means to enhance grid frequency security.Addressing the challenge of improving the frequency regulation performance of a thermal-storage primary frequency regulation system while reducing its associated losses,this paper proposes a multi-dimensional cooperative optimization strategy for the control parameters of a combined thermal-storage system,considering regulation losses.First,the frequency regulation losses of various components within the thermal power unit are quantified,and a calculation method for energy storage regulation loss is proposed,based on Depth of Discharge(DOD)and C-rate.Second,a thermal-storage cooperative control method based on series compensation is developed to improve the system’s frequency regulation performance.Third,targeting system regulation loss cost and regulation output,and considering constraints on output overshoot and system parameters,an improved Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of the low-pass filter and the series compensator,thereby reducing regulation losses while enhancing performance.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the total loss cost of the proposed control strategy is comparable to that of a system with only thermal power participation.However,the thermal power loss cost is reduced by 42.16%compared to the thermal-only case,while simultaneously improving system frequency stability.Thus,the proposed strategy effectively balances system frequency stability and economic efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program(2022YFF1300500)the Spring Goose Support Program(CYQN24018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32572123)。
文摘Dianthus spiculifolius Schur,as an emerging ornamental plant,has extensive applications and economic values.In this study,the DsCBL4 gene was successfully cloned,and its tissue-specific expression,expression patterns under various abiotic stresses,subcellular localization,and bioinformatics analysis of the encoded amino acid sequence were conducted.The results showed that the coding region of the DsCBL4 gene was 675 bp long,encoding 224 amino acids.It had high homology with the amino acids encoded by Amaranthus tricolor,Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea.The predicted relative molecular mass of DsCBL4 was 25.61 ku,with an isoelectric point of 4.58,and it had phosphorylation sites,belonging to an unstable hydrophilic protein.Its secondary structure includedα-helices,irregular coils and extended chains.The tertiary structure prediction revealed that DsCBL4 had four EFhand calcium-binding domains necessary for Ca2+binding in plant calmodulin-like proteins and the FPSF motif for calcineurin B-like protein(CBL)-interacting protein kinase(CIPK)activation.The expression level of the DsCBL4 gene showed tissue specificity,with the highest expression in roots.It was induced by drought,low temperature,combined drought and low temperature,salt stress,nitrogen stress,phosphorus stress,calcium ion stress,high temperature stress,and abscisic acid(ABA)stress.Both transient infection in Nicotiana tabacum L.and stable expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the DsCBL4 protein was localized to the cell membrane.These results suggested that DsCBL4 might be involved in the abiotic stress response of Dianthus spiculifolius through the calcium signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for understanding its molecular mechanism.This study provided an important reference for further exploring the role of the DsCBLs gene family in plant stress resistance.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No.2022TS13)the key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2019YFC0408503)the Key Research Program of Wuhan (No.2022022202015015)。
文摘Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.82101107No.81471575).
文摘AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1800500,2024YFA1802500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170415)+1 种基金supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program(RTP)stipend scholarship.supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project grant(ARC DP200101406).
文摘Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception.We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus(Vac)whose entire chrW,but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping,suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated.To address this,we assemble a chromosome-level genome,and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss,producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.Comparison to other lizard genomes date the stepwise propagation of specific retrotransposon subfamilies enriched near the duplicated gene pairs on the chrW and chr2 to the varanid ancestor.These retrotransposons probably have mediated the recruitment and amplification of autosomal genes on the chrW,including members of a large vomeronasal chemosensory receptor gene family V2R.Our results suggest that the W or Y chromosome as a refugium of repetitive elements,may recurrently recruit short-lived functional genes responsible for sexual dimorphisms during its long-term course of degeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300512)and the Xplorer Prize.
文摘Root nodule symbiosis(RNS)is a mutualistic association formed between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or Frankia and host plants limited to four orders within Rosid I―Fabales,Fagales,Cucurbitales,and Rosales―which comprise the so-called‘Nitrogen Fixing Nodulation Clade’(NFNC).The majority of nodulation studies have focused on Leguminosae,given their agricultural and environmental importance,as well as the widespread occurrence of nodulation among members of this family.Endowing cereal crops with nitrogen fixation,like Leguminosae,presents a strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of synthetic fertilizer overuse.Different hypotheses on the origin of RNS have been proposed;however,key genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS,even in Leguminosae,have been rarely reported.In this review,we begin by examining current knowledge of genetic innovations―including gene gain,gene loss,and the acquisition or loss of conserved noncoding sequences(CNS)in preexisting genes.We explore the available evidence supporting these genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and offer the phylogenomics approach that could be applied to uncover these genetic innovations.Finally,we conclude by proposing a model of genetic innovations underlying the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and consider the potential implications for the development of nitrogen-fixing crops.
