Gendered Talk at Work: Constructing Gender Identity Through Workplace Discourse , published in 2006 by Blackwell Publishing, is an eminent monograph in the study of sociolinguistics. This paper begins by offering a ge...Gendered Talk at Work: Constructing Gender Identity Through Workplace Discourse , published in 2006 by Blackwell Publishing, is an eminent monograph in the study of sociolinguistics. This paper begins by offering a general introduction to the book, goes on to conduct a detailed chapter-by-chapter review and then ends by stressing its three merits and demerits, namely: On the one hand, this book successfully connects theory with empirical research; It has largely avoided drawing simplistic conclusions; It has wide social implications. However, on the other, this monograph is not immune to gender bias and its conclusions are limited to a certain social sphere.展开更多
This research tests for differences in mean class averages between male and female faculty for questions on a student rating of instruction form at one university in the Midwest are considered to be in the category of...This research tests for differences in mean class averages between male and female faculty for questions on a student rating of instruction form at one university in the Midwest are considered to be in the category of “very high research activity” by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. Differences in variances of class averages are also examined for male and female faculty. Tests are conducted by first considering all classes across the entire university and then classes just within the College of Science and Mathematics. The proportion of classes taught by female instructors in which the average male student rating was higher than the average female student rating was compared to the proportion of classes taught by male instructors in which the average male student rating was higher than the average female student rating. Results are discussed.展开更多
Bildung is the process of the individual growing into the subject in time and space.As a bildungsroman,Abraham Chan’s The Rise of David Levinsky unfolds the spatial subject is produced through bodily spatial activiti...Bildung is the process of the individual growing into the subject in time and space.As a bildungsroman,Abraham Chan’s The Rise of David Levinsky unfolds the spatial subject is produced through bodily spatial activities in the complicated social relations.Experiencing the spatial transformation and conflict between the“feminized”Jewish community in Russia and the“heroized”space in America,the protagonist David shows his subjective desire by gendered performing to reconstruct the gendered subject in spatial movement.展开更多
As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This im...As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This impacts negatively on female migrants1 both physiologically and psychologically, disadvantaging them in the pursuit of resources, opportunities and rights. It is therefore necessary to positively influence the self-image of female migrants so as to ensure their rights, further their interests and ultimately to achieve gender equality.展开更多
American animation How to Train Your Dragon 1 & 2, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell, produced by American Dreamworks Animation, were released separately in 2010 and 2014...American animation How to Train Your Dragon 1 & 2, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell, produced by American Dreamworks Animation, were released separately in 2010 and 2014. Those two animated films are set in a fictional Viking world and focusing on the experiences and adventures of protagonist Hiccup. Even though these two films are concerned with dragons, this paper discusses about the gendered stereotype under white patriarchy from the perspective of Foucault's power discourse theory. It mainly studies gendered stereotype and white patriarchal construction, revealing that the American animation, based on mass deception, is an evil machine to lead Chinese audiences to experience a complicated process to struggle with their own beliefs, values, ideas and hope.展开更多
This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African ci...This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African cities. In this neoliberal economy informal and illicit trade with sex, stolen goods and counterfeit products are on the rise and the article shows how technologies of survival are highly gendered and reconfigure masculinities and femininities. In this article I argue that technologies of survival in urban Africa are based on logics of extraction-of money, goods and other valuables from the well off- as an alternative to wage labor, salaries and more respected sources of income and redistribution of incomes to kin and social networks. Technologies of extraction are highly gendered and a division of ＂informal labor＂ exists in this shadow economy where many young women enter into transactional sex with sugar-daddies, called sponsors or patrons, who provide for them in exchange for sex while male peers often become street vendors, street artists or petty criminals engaged in the so-called ＇black＇ markets of theft, sale of counterfeits, and circulation of stolen goods, alcohol and drugs. As I show, these gendered markets are highly entangled and interdependent, and as I argue, male and female markets use many of the same technologies, sources and circuits of exchange.展开更多
This paper deals with translation and knowledge production of both an exemplar mould for Islamic woman identity and a cosmetic ＂moderate＂ veneer for Islamism. The paper particularly tackles the question of the visib...This paper deals with translation and knowledge production of both an exemplar mould for Islamic woman identity and a cosmetic ＂moderate＂ veneer for Islamism. The paper particularly tackles the question of the visibility of Islamic women in the translational narrative sphere and its implication with respect to both the co-optation of ＂Muslim Sisterhood＂ within the dominant Islamist gender politics and selling political Islam to international politics. Utilizing Baker＇s thesis of translation as re-narration, especially narrative flaming strategies, the paper reads Mokrane Guezzou＇s translation of Zainab al-Ghazali＇s autobiography Return of the Pharaoh： Memoir in Nasir＇s Prison （2006） to examine the framing of al-Ghazali＇s personal narrative and its implications for furthering the Middle Eastern democratization march （in response to Bush＇s ＂Freedom Agenda＂）, while keeping the Muslim Brothers＇ gender politics intact. The paper＇s argument is the gendered politics of Guezzou＇s translation and their influence on the transnational and international spheres. Firstly, in tune with the expectation of the transnational constituency of Muslim Brothers＇ readership, al-Ghazali＇s personal and self-aggrandizing narrative is packaged and re-framed within the public narrative of the Muslim Brothers＇ gender/gendered ethos to co-opt her politicized inscription of ＂Muslim Sisterhood＂ within the Muslim Brothers＇ male-ranked organizational structure and thereby reproduce the mould of a ＂moderate＂ Muslim sister. The individualistic leaning of the narrative is transposed onto the meta-narratives of the Exodus in ancient times and Holocaust in modem times. The female imprint of the narrative is suppressed onto the conflict between militant masculinities with Nasir centerstaged in the title, referenced as the pharaoh, and semantically associated with Hitler and fascism in the translator＇s note. Her gender agency is de-framed and her visibility and access to organizational rank is harnessed to her social identity in marriage and her subscription to and fulfillment of the masculine constructed and assessed criteria of ＂virtue, piety and modesty＂ （Guezzou, 2006, p. ix）. Secondly, in line with the changing dynamics of geo-strategic realities, the translational renarration contributes to configuring the race-based underpinning of Arab exceptionalism onto the compatibility of （the ＂purely political＂ and hence ＂moderate＂） Islamism with democracy through projecting the Muslim Brotherhood＇s anti-fascist, democratic, modern/moderate and gender inclusive image. After all, Islamic women＇s visibility is a testament of feminism capable of redeeming Islamism and selling ＂moderate＂ political Islam to international politics/readership.展开更多
This article utilized de Haas and van Dooij's research on Moroccan migrants families as an example and discussed the possible consequences to gender stratification in the traditional society of migrants sending co...This article utilized de Haas and van Dooij's research on Moroccan migrants families as an example and discussed the possible consequences to gender stratification in the traditional society of migrants sending country. I argue that migration is actually like a pair of spectacles that makes the difference between the gender stratification in traditional societies and modern Western ones more obvious to females in traditional societies. Having male family members working in a western developed country does not necessarily empower the female ones left in the traditional societies but sometimes may contribute to more social insecurities and social gender stratification for the women even though the absence of the male family members could increase women's family leadership and the likelihood for them to receive education by using the remittances they regularly receive from overseas.展开更多
Climate change affects both men and women which,in turn,shapes their varied and contrasting perceptions of climate variability and change.This paper examined the gendered perceptions of climate variability and change ...Climate change affects both men and women which,in turn,shapes their varied and contrasting perceptions of climate variability and change.This paper examined the gendered perceptions of climate variability and change among local communities in Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda.The objectives are threefold:-identify climatic shocks faced by the local communities;examine the perceptions of men and women of climate variability and change;and to compare their perceptions with empirical meteorological data.This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods,with data collected from 215 respondents using survey,interviews and focused group discussions.From the findings,indicators of climate variability and change included reduced flooding events,occurrence of human diseases,increasing crop pests and diseases,dry spells and intensity of rains.There was increasing significant temperatures while rainfall was declining.Both male and female significantly associated with increasing temperatures and reduced flooding events.While climatic shocks affected both males and females,the impact was more pronounced depending on distinct livelihood activities and roles and responsibilities undertaken.The study concluded that people’s perceptions of climate change should be taken on by the government and integrated in the national climate programs that support people’s livelihoods and survival mechanisms.展开更多
A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on ...A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on Women,held in Beijing in Oetober.The white paper noted the efforts made by South China's Guangdong Province in promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality inm sehools.展开更多
In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and ta...In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.展开更多
Through a close reading, this article explores a few aspects of gendered dissent in Li Ang＇s story, ＂The Devil in a Chastity Belt,＂ which reveals the ambivalence and irony of a woman＇s participation in the Taiwan ...Through a close reading, this article explores a few aspects of gendered dissent in Li Ang＇s story, ＂The Devil in a Chastity Belt,＂ which reveals the ambivalence and irony of a woman＇s participation in the Taiwan Residents opposition movement. Instead of writing a stereotypical work of political fiction for the opposition movement that she supports, Li Ang interrogates the problematic intersection of gender and politics, while reclaiming some of the neglected aspects of oppositional history. While recognizing the inevitability of historical contingency, she nevertheless questions the politically-motivated choice of asceticism, heroism, and sacrifice over individual and familial well-being. Li juxtaposes seemingly trivial and disorderly details of ordinary life against the apparently important and grandiose arena of national politics, creating tension through their interaction and contention. She employs images--including the Devil, the female body, and sensory feelings--to perform gendered dissent. While the lyrical and trivial discourse gradually disrupts the political and didactic, the story＇s open-ended conclusion inspires complex interpretations of the enigmatic symbol： the Devil wearing a chastity belt.展开更多
The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase...The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase in premarital cohabitation.Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with highly educated young urban Chinese women and men,this article examines the gendered ways in which young Chinese adults perceive and make decisions about premarital cohabitation,as they envision their ideal lives and what autonomy and self-realization mean to them.I demonstrate that while male respondents predominantly view cohabitation positively as a risk-reduction strategy for avoiding incompatible marriages,female respondents still consider cohabitation to be a risk-amplification arrangement in practice that increases the possibility of uncertain marriage prospect,unsafe sex,and reputational damages.Young women,but not men,often have to strategizethrough carefully managing information disclosureabout persistent parental expectations that discourage women's premarital cohabitation.As a result,while male respondents regard marriage to be neither the necessary precondition nor the end goal of cohabitation,female respondents,who otherwise emphasize autonomy and individualistic fulfllment,continue to desire a close linkage between cohabitation and marriage.Leveraging the unique strength of qualitative data in demographic research,this article articulates the gender asymmetry in how women and men perceive cohabitation's risks,benefits,and link to marriage.I elucidate the gendered tension between privately-held ideals of individualism vis-a-vis enduring social norms of female marriageability,as women and men differentially navigate parental expectations surrounding cohabitation.In so doing,this article makes a theoretical contribution by bringing a careful treatment of gender into the SDT framework.展开更多
In the field of Chinese higher education,gender is still a significant issue,as is a general ignorance of gender discrimination against women.Issues related to gender can be observed throughout the process of educatio...In the field of Chinese higher education,gender is still a significant issue,as is a general ignorance of gender discrimination against women.Issues related to gender can be observed throughout the process of education:at the time of entering an institution,during the educational process and as an outcome of education.The following seven aspects of sexual discrimination occur in Chinese higher education system:(1)Fewer opportunities for women in higher education than for men;(2)within disciplines and specializations there exists the phenomena of gender segregation and diffluence;(3)considerable gender difference exists in the distribution of school resources;(4)teaching materials and teaching content are gender discriminatory;(5)within higher education institutions,student organizations have a degree of gender imbalance;(6)campus culture has a hidden agenda of gender discrimination;and(7)employment prospects for women tend to be unequal and discriminatory.展开更多
Studies up to now have shown the difference in partner/spouse selection between men and women of ethnic minority groups overseas but lack in-depth exploration of the reasons behind such selection.This study aims to fi...Studies up to now have shown the difference in partner/spouse selection between men and women of ethnic minority groups overseas but lack in-depth exploration of the reasons behind such selection.This study aims to fill the gap by exploring the different types of motivations that drive men and women of ethnic minorities to select their partners/spouses.Using quantitative and qualitative data,we compared partner/spouse selection dynamics and motivations among overseas Chinese men and women.Our study on Chinese people living in Belgium reveal significant gender differences in spouse selection between men and women,with more women likely to go in for intermarriage than men.In our interviews,we found that the underlying motivations for women’s preference for intermarriage lie in their fondness for Western family culture and their desire to make the host country their permanent home.We also found that in their partner-spouse selection,women were less influenced by social norms or pressure from parents and family,which are the main factors driving endogamy.Although the gender ratio in the marriage market is more or less even,cultural factors and possible different adaptation methods of men and women prompt Chinese people to consider or reject their compatriots as suitable partners/spouses.展开更多
This article utilizes the trope of domesticity/domestication in order to explore notions of gendered temporality in Hou Hsiao-hsien＇s Cafe Lumiere （2003）. In dialogue with the Chinese writer Eileen Chang and Wester...This article utilizes the trope of domesticity/domestication in order to explore notions of gendered temporality in Hou Hsiao-hsien＇s Cafe Lumiere （2003）. In dialogue with the Chinese writer Eileen Chang and Western theories about women＇s time and domestic temporality, the article proposes that the works of both Hou and Chang can be described as instances of ecriture feminine that interrogate an ambivalence toward domesticity. Drawing on Chantal Akerman＇s film in contrast to that of Hou, the article further demonstrates how the use of the cinematographic long take domesticates time and space, as well as the ways in which the horror of everyday domesticity have been captured through what Rey Chow calls ＂feminine details.＂ Finally, the present article argues that Cafe Lumiere domesticates a fear of domesticity and pregnancy through a reconfiguration of linear and cyclical time, a reversal of gender roles in its protagonists, and a privileging of aurality over visuality in its cinematic style, such that it presents the potential for a new kind of union and a new kind of futurity premised upon reordered gendered forms of temporality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the link between cardiovascular disease(CVD)and various cancers is well-established,the relationship between CVD risk and colorectal cancer(CRC)remains underexplored.AIM To elucidate the relationsh...BACKGROUND Although the link between cardiovascular disease(CVD)and various cancers is well-established,the relationship between CVD risk and colorectal cancer(CRC)remains underexplored.AIM To elucidate the relationship between CVD risk scores and CRC incidence.METHODS In this population-based cohort study,participants from the 2009 National Health Checkup were followed-up until 2020.The cardiovascular(CV)risk score was calculated as the sum of risk factors(age,family history of coronary artery disease,hypertension,smoking status,and high-density lipoprotein levels)with high-density lipoprotein(≥60 mg/dL)reducing the risk score by one.The primary outcome was incidence of newly diagnosed CRC.RESULTS Among 2526628 individuals,30329 developed CRC during a mean follow-up of 10.1 years.Categorized by CV risk scores(0,1,2,and≥3).CRC risk increased with higher CV risk scores after adjusting for covariates[(hazard ratio=1.155,95%confidence interval:1.107-1.205)in risk score≥3,P<0.001].This association individuals not using statins.Moreover,even in participants without diabetes,a higher CV risk was associated with an increased CRC risk.CONCLUSION Increased CV risk scores were significantly associated with higher CRC risk,especially among males,younger populations,and non-statin users.Thus,males with a higher CV risk score,even at a younger age,are recommended to control their risk factors and undergo individualized CRC screening.展开更多
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathologi...Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathological process of ARVC,its exact contribution to cardiac fibrosis in ARVC remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed the potential contribution of gender-based differences on the distribution of the low-voltage area in an ARVC cohort undergoing an electrophysiological study,which was indicated by feature selection.Additionally,we established engineered cardiac spheroid models in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)and iPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts(icFBs).We elucidated the pathogenicity of abnormal splicing in the plakophilin-2(PKP2)gene caused by an intronic mutation.Additionally,pathogenic validation of the desmoglein-2(DSG2)point mutation further confirms the reliability of the models.Moreover,testosterone exacerbated the DNA damage in the mutated cardiomyocytes and further activated myofibroblasts in a chain reaction.In conclusion,we designed and constructed an in vitro three-dimensionally-engineered cardiac spheroid model of ARVC based on clinical findings and provided direct evidence of the fibrotic role of testosterone in ARVC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not scr...BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened.Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC.The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.AIM To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database.Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified.The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE.Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.RESULTS We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period.Among the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were women.The mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H.pylori and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019.The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men,but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
文摘Gendered Talk at Work: Constructing Gender Identity Through Workplace Discourse , published in 2006 by Blackwell Publishing, is an eminent monograph in the study of sociolinguistics. This paper begins by offering a general introduction to the book, goes on to conduct a detailed chapter-by-chapter review and then ends by stressing its three merits and demerits, namely: On the one hand, this book successfully connects theory with empirical research; It has largely avoided drawing simplistic conclusions; It has wide social implications. However, on the other, this monograph is not immune to gender bias and its conclusions are limited to a certain social sphere.
文摘This research tests for differences in mean class averages between male and female faculty for questions on a student rating of instruction form at one university in the Midwest are considered to be in the category of “very high research activity” by the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. Differences in variances of class averages are also examined for male and female faculty. Tests are conducted by first considering all classes across the entire university and then classes just within the College of Science and Mathematics. The proportion of classes taught by female instructors in which the average male student rating was higher than the average female student rating was compared to the proportion of classes taught by male instructors in which the average male student rating was higher than the average female student rating. Results are discussed.
基金this paper is funded by Project:“Research on E.L.Doctorow’s Bildungsroman”(18A369),sponsored by Department of Education of Hunan Province.
文摘Bildung is the process of the individual growing into the subject in time and space.As a bildungsroman,Abraham Chan’s The Rise of David Levinsky unfolds the spatial subject is produced through bodily spatial activities in the complicated social relations.Experiencing the spatial transformation and conflict between the“feminized”Jewish community in Russia and the“heroized”space in America,the protagonist David shows his subjective desire by gendered performing to reconstruct the gendered subject in spatial movement.
文摘As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This impacts negatively on female migrants1 both physiologically and psychologically, disadvantaging them in the pursuit of resources, opportunities and rights. It is therefore necessary to positively influence the self-image of female migrants so as to ensure their rights, further their interests and ultimately to achieve gender equality.
文摘American animation How to Train Your Dragon 1 & 2, loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell, produced by American Dreamworks Animation, were released separately in 2010 and 2014. Those two animated films are set in a fictional Viking world and focusing on the experiences and adventures of protagonist Hiccup. Even though these two films are concerned with dragons, this paper discusses about the gendered stereotype under white patriarchy from the perspective of Foucault's power discourse theory. It mainly studies gendered stereotype and white patriarchal construction, revealing that the American animation, based on mass deception, is an evil machine to lead Chinese audiences to experience a complicated process to struggle with their own beliefs, values, ideas and hope.
文摘This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African cities. In this neoliberal economy informal and illicit trade with sex, stolen goods and counterfeit products are on the rise and the article shows how technologies of survival are highly gendered and reconfigure masculinities and femininities. In this article I argue that technologies of survival in urban Africa are based on logics of extraction-of money, goods and other valuables from the well off- as an alternative to wage labor, salaries and more respected sources of income and redistribution of incomes to kin and social networks. Technologies of extraction are highly gendered and a division of ＂informal labor＂ exists in this shadow economy where many young women enter into transactional sex with sugar-daddies, called sponsors or patrons, who provide for them in exchange for sex while male peers often become street vendors, street artists or petty criminals engaged in the so-called ＇black＇ markets of theft, sale of counterfeits, and circulation of stolen goods, alcohol and drugs. As I show, these gendered markets are highly entangled and interdependent, and as I argue, male and female markets use many of the same technologies, sources and circuits of exchange.
文摘This paper deals with translation and knowledge production of both an exemplar mould for Islamic woman identity and a cosmetic ＂moderate＂ veneer for Islamism. The paper particularly tackles the question of the visibility of Islamic women in the translational narrative sphere and its implication with respect to both the co-optation of ＂Muslim Sisterhood＂ within the dominant Islamist gender politics and selling political Islam to international politics. Utilizing Baker＇s thesis of translation as re-narration, especially narrative flaming strategies, the paper reads Mokrane Guezzou＇s translation of Zainab al-Ghazali＇s autobiography Return of the Pharaoh： Memoir in Nasir＇s Prison （2006） to examine the framing of al-Ghazali＇s personal narrative and its implications for furthering the Middle Eastern democratization march （in response to Bush＇s ＂Freedom Agenda＂）, while keeping the Muslim Brothers＇ gender politics intact. The paper＇s argument is the gendered politics of Guezzou＇s translation and their influence on the transnational and international spheres. Firstly, in tune with the expectation of the transnational constituency of Muslim Brothers＇ readership, al-Ghazali＇s personal and self-aggrandizing narrative is packaged and re-framed within the public narrative of the Muslim Brothers＇ gender/gendered ethos to co-opt her politicized inscription of ＂Muslim Sisterhood＂ within the Muslim Brothers＇ male-ranked organizational structure and thereby reproduce the mould of a ＂moderate＂ Muslim sister. The individualistic leaning of the narrative is transposed onto the meta-narratives of the Exodus in ancient times and Holocaust in modem times. The female imprint of the narrative is suppressed onto the conflict between militant masculinities with Nasir centerstaged in the title, referenced as the pharaoh, and semantically associated with Hitler and fascism in the translator＇s note. Her gender agency is de-framed and her visibility and access to organizational rank is harnessed to her social identity in marriage and her subscription to and fulfillment of the masculine constructed and assessed criteria of ＂virtue, piety and modesty＂ （Guezzou, 2006, p. ix）. Secondly, in line with the changing dynamics of geo-strategic realities, the translational renarration contributes to configuring the race-based underpinning of Arab exceptionalism onto the compatibility of （the ＂purely political＂ and hence ＂moderate＂） Islamism with democracy through projecting the Muslim Brotherhood＇s anti-fascist, democratic, modern/moderate and gender inclusive image. After all, Islamic women＇s visibility is a testament of feminism capable of redeeming Islamism and selling ＂moderate＂ political Islam to international politics/readership.
文摘This article utilized de Haas and van Dooij's research on Moroccan migrants families as an example and discussed the possible consequences to gender stratification in the traditional society of migrants sending country. I argue that migration is actually like a pair of spectacles that makes the difference between the gender stratification in traditional societies and modern Western ones more obvious to females in traditional societies. Having male family members working in a western developed country does not necessarily empower the female ones left in the traditional societies but sometimes may contribute to more social insecurities and social gender stratification for the women even though the absence of the male family members could increase women's family leadership and the likelihood for them to receive education by using the remittances they regularly receive from overseas.
基金This research was made possible by funding from BREAD-SIDA project.
文摘Climate change affects both men and women which,in turn,shapes their varied and contrasting perceptions of climate variability and change.This paper examined the gendered perceptions of climate variability and change among local communities in Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda.The objectives are threefold:-identify climatic shocks faced by the local communities;examine the perceptions of men and women of climate variability and change;and to compare their perceptions with empirical meteorological data.This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods,with data collected from 215 respondents using survey,interviews and focused group discussions.From the findings,indicators of climate variability and change included reduced flooding events,occurrence of human diseases,increasing crop pests and diseases,dry spells and intensity of rains.There was increasing significant temperatures while rainfall was declining.Both male and female significantly associated with increasing temperatures and reduced flooding events.While climatic shocks affected both males and females,the impact was more pronounced depending on distinct livelihood activities and roles and responsibilities undertaken.The study concluded that people’s perceptions of climate change should be taken on by the government and integrated in the national climate programs that support people’s livelihoods and survival mechanisms.
文摘A white paper titled“China's Achievements in Women's Well-Rounded Development in the New Era”was released by the State Council Information Office in September 2025,ahead of the Global Leaders'Meeting on Women,held in Beijing in Oetober.The white paper noted the efforts made by South China's Guangdong Province in promoting the fundamental national policy of gender equality inm sehools.
文摘In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.
文摘Through a close reading, this article explores a few aspects of gendered dissent in Li Ang＇s story, ＂The Devil in a Chastity Belt,＂ which reveals the ambivalence and irony of a woman＇s participation in the Taiwan Residents opposition movement. Instead of writing a stereotypical work of political fiction for the opposition movement that she supports, Li Ang interrogates the problematic intersection of gender and politics, while reclaiming some of the neglected aspects of oppositional history. While recognizing the inevitability of historical contingency, she nevertheless questions the politically-motivated choice of asceticism, heroism, and sacrifice over individual and familial well-being. Li juxtaposes seemingly trivial and disorderly details of ordinary life against the apparently important and grandiose arena of national politics, creating tension through their interaction and contention. She employs images--including the Devil, the female body, and sensory feelings--to perform gendered dissent. While the lyrical and trivial discourse gradually disrupts the political and didactic, the story＇s open-ended conclusion inspires complex interpretations of the enigmatic symbol： the Devil wearing a chastity belt.
文摘The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase in premarital cohabitation.Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with highly educated young urban Chinese women and men,this article examines the gendered ways in which young Chinese adults perceive and make decisions about premarital cohabitation,as they envision their ideal lives and what autonomy and self-realization mean to them.I demonstrate that while male respondents predominantly view cohabitation positively as a risk-reduction strategy for avoiding incompatible marriages,female respondents still consider cohabitation to be a risk-amplification arrangement in practice that increases the possibility of uncertain marriage prospect,unsafe sex,and reputational damages.Young women,but not men,often have to strategizethrough carefully managing information disclosureabout persistent parental expectations that discourage women's premarital cohabitation.As a result,while male respondents regard marriage to be neither the necessary precondition nor the end goal of cohabitation,female respondents,who otherwise emphasize autonomy and individualistic fulfllment,continue to desire a close linkage between cohabitation and marriage.Leveraging the unique strength of qualitative data in demographic research,this article articulates the gender asymmetry in how women and men perceive cohabitation's risks,benefits,and link to marriage.I elucidate the gendered tension between privately-held ideals of individualism vis-a-vis enduring social norms of female marriageability,as women and men differentially navigate parental expectations surrounding cohabitation.In so doing,this article makes a theoretical contribution by bringing a careful treatment of gender into the SDT framework.
文摘In the field of Chinese higher education,gender is still a significant issue,as is a general ignorance of gender discrimination against women.Issues related to gender can be observed throughout the process of education:at the time of entering an institution,during the educational process and as an outcome of education.The following seven aspects of sexual discrimination occur in Chinese higher education system:(1)Fewer opportunities for women in higher education than for men;(2)within disciplines and specializations there exists the phenomena of gender segregation and diffluence;(3)considerable gender difference exists in the distribution of school resources;(4)teaching materials and teaching content are gender discriminatory;(5)within higher education institutions,student organizations have a degree of gender imbalance;(6)campus culture has a hidden agenda of gender discrimination;and(7)employment prospects for women tend to be unequal and discriminatory.
文摘Studies up to now have shown the difference in partner/spouse selection between men and women of ethnic minority groups overseas but lack in-depth exploration of the reasons behind such selection.This study aims to fill the gap by exploring the different types of motivations that drive men and women of ethnic minorities to select their partners/spouses.Using quantitative and qualitative data,we compared partner/spouse selection dynamics and motivations among overseas Chinese men and women.Our study on Chinese people living in Belgium reveal significant gender differences in spouse selection between men and women,with more women likely to go in for intermarriage than men.In our interviews,we found that the underlying motivations for women’s preference for intermarriage lie in their fondness for Western family culture and their desire to make the host country their permanent home.We also found that in their partner-spouse selection,women were less influenced by social norms or pressure from parents and family,which are the main factors driving endogamy.Although the gender ratio in the marriage market is more or less even,cultural factors and possible different adaptation methods of men and women prompt Chinese people to consider or reject their compatriots as suitable partners/spouses.
文摘This article utilizes the trope of domesticity/domestication in order to explore notions of gendered temporality in Hou Hsiao-hsien＇s Cafe Lumiere （2003）. In dialogue with the Chinese writer Eileen Chang and Western theories about women＇s time and domestic temporality, the article proposes that the works of both Hou and Chang can be described as instances of ecriture feminine that interrogate an ambivalence toward domesticity. Drawing on Chantal Akerman＇s film in contrast to that of Hou, the article further demonstrates how the use of the cinematographic long take domesticates time and space, as well as the ways in which the horror of everyday domesticity have been captured through what Rey Chow calls ＂feminine details.＂ Finally, the present article argues that Cafe Lumiere domesticates a fear of domesticity and pregnancy through a reconfiguration of linear and cyclical time, a reversal of gender roles in its protagonists, and a privileging of aurality over visuality in its cinematic style, such that it presents the potential for a new kind of union and a new kind of futurity premised upon reordered gendered forms of temporality.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the link between cardiovascular disease(CVD)and various cancers is well-established,the relationship between CVD risk and colorectal cancer(CRC)remains underexplored.AIM To elucidate the relationship between CVD risk scores and CRC incidence.METHODS In this population-based cohort study,participants from the 2009 National Health Checkup were followed-up until 2020.The cardiovascular(CV)risk score was calculated as the sum of risk factors(age,family history of coronary artery disease,hypertension,smoking status,and high-density lipoprotein levels)with high-density lipoprotein(≥60 mg/dL)reducing the risk score by one.The primary outcome was incidence of newly diagnosed CRC.RESULTS Among 2526628 individuals,30329 developed CRC during a mean follow-up of 10.1 years.Categorized by CV risk scores(0,1,2,and≥3).CRC risk increased with higher CV risk scores after adjusting for covariates[(hazard ratio=1.155,95%confidence interval:1.107-1.205)in risk score≥3,P<0.001].This association individuals not using statins.Moreover,even in participants without diabetes,a higher CV risk was associated with an increased CRC risk.CONCLUSION Increased CV risk scores were significantly associated with higher CRC risk,especially among males,younger populations,and non-statin users.Thus,males with a higher CV risk score,even at a younger age,are recommended to control their risk factors and undergo individualized CRC screening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370322 to CC,82200352 to FZ,82300352 to YZ,22275034 to HX,and 82070343 to MLC)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Nos.BK20220710 to FZ and BK20230733 to YZ)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.JX13414086 to HYC).
文摘Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium.While elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathological process of ARVC,its exact contribution to cardiac fibrosis in ARVC remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed the potential contribution of gender-based differences on the distribution of the low-voltage area in an ARVC cohort undergoing an electrophysiological study,which was indicated by feature selection.Additionally,we established engineered cardiac spheroid models in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)and iPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts(icFBs).We elucidated the pathogenicity of abnormal splicing in the plakophilin-2(PKP2)gene caused by an intronic mutation.Additionally,pathogenic validation of the desmoglein-2(DSG2)point mutation further confirms the reliability of the models.Moreover,testosterone exacerbated the DNA damage in the mutated cardiomyocytes and further activated myofibroblasts in a chain reaction.In conclusion,we designed and constructed an in vitro three-dimensionally-engineered cardiac spheroid model of ARVC based on clinical findings and provided direct evidence of the fibrotic role of testosterone in ARVC.
文摘BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened.Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC.The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.AIM To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database.Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified.The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE.Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.RESULTS We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period.Among the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were women.The mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H.pylori and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019.The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men,but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
