This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional ...This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional inclusivity.Drawing qualitative approach and analysis of media coverage of GBV during the 202416 Days of Activism campaign remarkably November 25 to December 10,2024,it reveals the extent that media platforms amplify or marginalize survivor voices.Through two weeks of media monitoring across print,broadcast,and social media including sources notably Mwananchi,TBC1,Cloud FM,and advocacy-driven digital platforms and campaigns through#EndGBVNow and#16DaysOfActivism the study explores recurring themes,language use,tone,and inclusivity.Guided by critical gender theories including Judith Butler’s gender performativity and Gave Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation,the analysis reveals media’s dual role in either perpetuating or challenging patriarchal narratives.Findings indicate that traditional media often foreground prevailing institutional voices while underrepresenting marginalized groups,especially rural women and women with disabilities,portraying harmful cultural practices like FGM and child marriage as community challenges rather than universal human rights violation.Conversely,social media emerged as a transformative space for survivor-led advocacy.Hence the study calls for inclusive,ethical,and survivor-centered media reporting as well as strategic integration of digital and mainstream media to promote justice and policy reform in GBV reporting.展开更多
Introduction: Gender-based violence is an important public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, the socio-demographic profile of patients (survivors and perpetrators) and the...Introduction: Gender-based violence is an important public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, the socio-demographic profile of patients (survivors and perpetrators) and the different types of gender-based violence treated at the Zinder holistic care centre in the Republic of Niger. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of cases of gender-based violence recorded and managed at the holistic gender-based violence management centre in Zinder (Niger) over the period from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023. The data collected were analysed using EPI infos version 7.1 software. Result: During the study period, 515 cases of gender-based violence were recorded. Most of the victims were women and girls (95.15%). Minors accounted for 42.28% of cases. The victims were aged 18 and over in 57.67% (297 cases). Single people accounted for 39.22% of cases. Students accounted for 41.36% of cases. As regards the perpetrators of gender-based violence;men accounted for almost all the cases (95.53%). In 45.44% of cases it was the sexual partner, and in 36.12% of cases, the assault took place in the victim’s home. Five types of gender-based violence were observed: physical violence (121 cases, 23.5%), denial of resources, opportunities or services (148 cases, 28%), rape (117 cases, 22.7%), sexual abuse (64 cases, 12.4%), forced marriage (42 cases, 8%) and psychological/emotional abuse (28 cases, 5.4%). Conclusion: Gender-based violence is common in Niger. The victims were young women, pupils or students, single and unemployed. Efforts still need to be made to increase the reporting of cases of GBV, involve community leaders and provide optimal medical, legal and socio-professional care.展开更多
Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a majo...Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the CAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from July to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the CAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploiters flouting their human dignity and putting their lives in danger. .展开更多
Introduction: Gender-based violence constitutes a public health problem. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and factors associated with gender-based violence. Study Framework and Method: This wa...Introduction: Gender-based violence constitutes a public health problem. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and factors associated with gender-based violence. Study Framework and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical aim over the period from January 2016 to December 2022. The study took place in the Integrated Support Center for Victims and Survivors of Gender-Based Violence located in the Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou and Alibori. The study population consisted of people who were victims of gender-based violence in the northern region of Benin, regardless of their age and gender. Results: The study population consisted of 1198 subjects. The average age of the victims was 21.76 ± 10.02;female victims represented 96.4%, with a sex ratio equal to 0.037 (43/1155). Sexual violence was the most represented (50.25%), followed by psychological (29.30%), physical (24.37%), economic (13.77%) and property (2%). The factors associated with violence were married people and monthly income (physical violence), minors, female gender and single people (sexual violence), polygamous households and monthly income (economic violence), the absence of children burden, married people and monthly income (psychological violence), married people (property violence). Conclusion: Gender-based violence is frequent in the North of Benin and is dominated by sexual violence. The victims are mainly female.展开更多
Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated c...Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.展开更多
This article offers an anthropological overview about birth processes in a small village in Bali.I would like to investigate how the naturalization of this event is often used to justify control over the physical and ...This article offers an anthropological overview about birth processes in a small village in Bali.I would like to investigate how the naturalization of this event is often used to justify control over the physical and social body of women,their descendants and social group.Central focus of the analysis will be the consideration of how women’s position within society is determined by a complex system of rules,values,and medical practices deeply conditioning childbirth sphere that legitimates hierarchical divisions and gender inequality.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</stron...<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Gender-based violence is violence against men and women in which the woman is more likely to be the victim. Globally, one in every four women is physically or sexually abused during pregnancy. The main objective was to study gender-based violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We carried out a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 231 pregnant women at the antenatal care unit of the BRH from January to March 2018. The study included all women who gave a written informed consent. A questionnaire adapted from the WHO multi-country study was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, aspects of gender-based violence (GBV), and data for other associated factors were collected by face-to-face interview. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compare frequencies. Student </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-test was used to compare means. Binary logistic regression analysis and multivariate analysis were used to eliminate confounders. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 56.3% (n = 130) of pregnant women involved in the study were found to be survivors of GBV. Psychological trauma, physical assault and sexual violence were found in 47.2%, 30.2% and 19.9% respectively. Depression and anxiety were the most frequent clinical manifestations. Only 37.7% of the survivors sought management. The factors statistically associated with the occurrence of GBV were: for physical violence a partner that smokes;for sexual violence a history of sexual assault on the survivor as a child, a primary level of education of the partner, and a partner that is alcoholic;for psychological violence a history of sexual assault on the survivor as a child, a primary level of education of the partner, and a partner that is alcoholic. After adjusting for confounders, having a partner with only a primary education had a statistically significant association [3.610 (1.431 - 9.091), p = 0.007] with the occurrence of GBV. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> GBV is a key health risk among pregnant women consulting at the ANC unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital and proper education of the partner is primordial in its prevention.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Based on a survey implemented in a county in central China,the researchers found it is common for women to experience gender-based violence,especially violence at the hands of intimate partners.About half of men surve...Based on a survey implemented in a county in central China,the researchers found it is common for women to experience gender-based violence,especially violence at the hands of intimate partners.About half of men surveyed reported inflicting physical or sexual violence on their female partners.One in five men reported having raped a partner or non-partner woman.The physical,mental and reproductive health of the female and male respondents were found to be significantly associated with women’s victimization and men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence.Gender-based violence,including intimate partner violence,is a construction of the social-ecological system.Four elements that are key to hegemonic masculinity are identified:male decision-making,male reputation,violence and heterosexuality.By positing the four elements as standards that define a“real man”,the domination of men over women is naturalized and legitimized.It is necessary to foster other non-violent and more equitable masculinities.展开更多
Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex wor...Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex workers (SW) among them, as well as the proportion of MSM who have been victims of gender-based violence (GBV). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study coordinated by the Direction de la Médecine du Travail was carried out at the headquarters of the association ALTERNATIVES in Bangui Bangui from July 1 to October 31, 2021. Consenting MSM present during the study period were systematically included. Sociodemographic variables, those relating to the future vision of the activity and to GBV were collected and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: Forty MSM with an average age of 23 years and mainly secondary education (75.0%) were included. The vast majority of MSM were unemployed (85.0%). 45.0% had been victims of GBV and wanted to stop working as an MSM (47.5%), and almost 2/3 (65.0%) would accept another income-generating activity in exchange for the MSM. Violence was sexual (32.5%), economic (22.5%), physical (20.0%), verbal (12.5%) and psychological (12.5%). Conclusion: The MSM were mainly young, poorly educated, unemployed, and almost half were victims of GBV. The desire to change MSM activity to another income-generating activity alongside that of MSM shows that many of them are SW, workers in the informal sector. This must be taken into account in prevention activities, even if the data needs to be confirmed on a much larger sample.展开更多
Language plays a central role in how gender and sexuality are described. In Bangla or Bengali, physicians, when educating and counseling women patients, do not have a socially acceptable word for “vagina”. If langua...Language plays a central role in how gender and sexuality are described. In Bangla or Bengali, physicians, when educating and counseling women patients, do not have a socially acceptable word for “vagina”. If language is missing for female genitalia or important female sexual functions, could this absence reflect on the position of women in society, reproductive rights, and access to healthcare? Is there a relationship between language and the high rates of the gender-based cervical and breast cancers in some low and middle-income countries? This commentary examines scholarship on the topic of language, the female body, gender-based violence, disparities of healthcare for women, and the consequences of language on sexual attitudes and health.展开更多
This research in the field of Media Sociology and Gender Studies compares the representation of death and of female corpses in two crime TV series produced in the last decade in two very different contexts: the Italia...This research in the field of Media Sociology and Gender Studies compares the representation of death and of female corpses in two crime TV series produced in the last decade in two very different contexts: the Italian series RIS – Delitti imperfetti (Canale 5) and the Irish one The Fall (BBC Northern Ireland). The interest for this theme is born out of the awareness of the gravity of a phenomenon such as gendered violence. The starting assumption here is that media representations play a key role in fueling or counteracting the culture that feeds gendered violence: this is true both for news media and fictional media, able to shape our social imaginary. At the basis of this research there are three questions: whether the violence, victims and perpetrators represented in media coincide with the actual reality of the above-mentioned countries;what kind of frame is the most commonly used to represent male violence against women;and whether violence itself and the dead female body are represented with any kind of eroticization or spectacularization. To answer these questions, I will carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis, looking at Feminist Film Theory in order to resolve he last issue.展开更多
Background: There is an increasing emphasis on conducting research to identify gender based violence issues to enable development of appropriate programs and interventions. However, these efforts are mixed in quality ...Background: There is an increasing emphasis on conducting research to identify gender based violence issues to enable development of appropriate programs and interventions. However, these efforts are mixed in quality and often raise ethical questions. The increased pressure on policy makers to move to a more evidence-based approach in addressing gender based issues creates the need for this research prioritization activity. Inadequate evaluative evidence in this area poses a challenge in the planning for responsive interventions especially in resource limited settings. The purpose of this paper is to present gender based violence research priority areas for the WHO Africa Region. Methods: We utilized a modified version of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to reach consensus on research priorities on the thematic area of gender based violence. In three phases, we first conducted an online survey with sexual and reproductive health and rights experts in academia, ministries of health, non-governmental organizations and other health actors with a wide range of experiences. These questions were consolidated by three experts from World Health Organization headquarters into themes. Secondly, experts were invited in a meeting in Cape Town South Africa to analyze and generate relevant areas of research based on the themes. Finally, a smaller group of experts prioritized research areas based on agreed criteria. Results: A list of 10 priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were scored and ranked. Four priority research questions scored 30 points out of the possible 30 points and were thus ranked as the highest priority. These included questions that “engage young adolescents in behavioral interventions to influence gender roles”, “determinants of gender based violence analysis”, “both long and short term complications of gender based violence on survivors” and “assessment of men’s involvement in addressing gender-based violence against women”. The second most highly ranked question was on the assessment of the extent and strategies to prevent gender-based violence in the context of humanitarian crises. Conclusions: Priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were identified. This exercise provides a three year investment case for research with high potential of effectively identifying interventions with high impact on addressing gender based violence.展开更多
Gender-based language difference, as a common phenomenon and research interest has drawn great attention in sociolinguistics field. This paper aims to discuss possible reasons for language differences between men and ...Gender-based language difference, as a common phenomenon and research interest has drawn great attention in sociolinguistics field. This paper aims to discuss possible reasons for language differences between men and women in China based on dominance framework and difference theory. Moreover, Chinese culture, Chinese history and the development of modern society related to the causes for language difference between men and women are examined in this paper as well. It is hoped that the current paper can help contribute to furthering the study of language and gender.展开更多
The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replace...The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.展开更多
Ours isa world of pandemics Intersecting with and frequently exacerbated by responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been numerous pandemics with much longer histories,including pandemics of other communicable disea...Ours isa world of pandemics Intersecting with and frequently exacerbated by responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been numerous pandemics with much longer histories,including pandemics of other communicable diseases,as well as pandemics of non-communicable diseases,mental illness,addiction,systemicracism,socialinjustice,gender-based violence,and misinformation,all of which have been deeply intertwined with environmental degradation and climate disruption.In our era of multiple intensifying pandemics,not to mention often anemic humanities enrollments,it is crucial that comparative literature go more global:engaging more deeply with abroader array of texts,pathways,and processes than ever before with a focus on providing insights into global challenges and crises aswell as possibilities for ameliorationon avast scale.Thisessay focusesontwo examples the connections between disease and stigmaiand the connections between environmental crises and gender-based violence.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the findings of a two-week monitoring project on Gender Based Violence(GBV)in Tanzanian and explores how the media outlets frame the marginalized voices,institutional narratives,and intersectional inclusivity.Drawing qualitative approach and analysis of media coverage of GBV during the 202416 Days of Activism campaign remarkably November 25 to December 10,2024,it reveals the extent that media platforms amplify or marginalize survivor voices.Through two weeks of media monitoring across print,broadcast,and social media including sources notably Mwananchi,TBC1,Cloud FM,and advocacy-driven digital platforms and campaigns through#EndGBVNow and#16DaysOfActivism the study explores recurring themes,language use,tone,and inclusivity.Guided by critical gender theories including Judith Butler’s gender performativity and Gave Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation,the analysis reveals media’s dual role in either perpetuating or challenging patriarchal narratives.Findings indicate that traditional media often foreground prevailing institutional voices while underrepresenting marginalized groups,especially rural women and women with disabilities,portraying harmful cultural practices like FGM and child marriage as community challenges rather than universal human rights violation.Conversely,social media emerged as a transformative space for survivor-led advocacy.Hence the study calls for inclusive,ethical,and survivor-centered media reporting as well as strategic integration of digital and mainstream media to promote justice and policy reform in GBV reporting.
文摘Introduction: Gender-based violence is an important public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, the socio-demographic profile of patients (survivors and perpetrators) and the different types of gender-based violence treated at the Zinder holistic care centre in the Republic of Niger. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of cases of gender-based violence recorded and managed at the holistic gender-based violence management centre in Zinder (Niger) over the period from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023. The data collected were analysed using EPI infos version 7.1 software. Result: During the study period, 515 cases of gender-based violence were recorded. Most of the victims were women and girls (95.15%). Minors accounted for 42.28% of cases. The victims were aged 18 and over in 57.67% (297 cases). Single people accounted for 39.22% of cases. Students accounted for 41.36% of cases. As regards the perpetrators of gender-based violence;men accounted for almost all the cases (95.53%). In 45.44% of cases it was the sexual partner, and in 36.12% of cases, the assault took place in the victim’s home. Five types of gender-based violence were observed: physical violence (121 cases, 23.5%), denial of resources, opportunities or services (148 cases, 28%), rape (117 cases, 22.7%), sexual abuse (64 cases, 12.4%), forced marriage (42 cases, 8%) and psychological/emotional abuse (28 cases, 5.4%). Conclusion: Gender-based violence is common in Niger. The victims were young women, pupils or students, single and unemployed. Efforts still need to be made to increase the reporting of cases of GBV, involve community leaders and provide optimal medical, legal and socio-professional care.
文摘Background: Violence against women has become an international public health and human rights issue in recent decades. The violence suffered by sex workers is of little interest for research, yet it constitutes a major health and safety problem. We propose to assess the extent of the phenomenon of gender-based violence (GBV) among sex workers (SWs) in the city of Bangui in the CAR. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study covering the period from July to October 2021 carried out among SWs in Bangui, the capital of the CAR. Given that the SWs association had only 159 members in Bangui, an exhaustive sampling was retained. Were included in the study, any SW present during the data collection period and having given their written consent. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics: age, sex, residence, level of education, marital status, and characteristics linked to violence: the notion of violence during their professional activity, the type of violence, the declaration and the declaration if necessary, the response and management of this violence. The data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. Results: Of the 159 SWs that counted the association, 108 had been included. The average age was 27.0 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. The age groups of 25 to 34 years were the most represented (43.5%). Fifty-six SWs (51.9%) had reached the secondary level. Unemployed SWs were in the majority at 74.1%;Sixty-six (66) SWs in our sample (61.1%) had already been victims of violence during the exercise of their activity Sexual violence was the most represented (28.5%) followed by verbal violence (22.4%). Sixty-eight (62.9%) wanted to stop the professional activity of SWs and 93.1% would accept another income-generating activity in place of sex work. Conclusion: It is necessary to supervise SWs and protect them within the framework of respect for human rights, rather than criminalizing them and the exploiters flouting their human dignity and putting their lives in danger. .
文摘Introduction: Gender-based violence constitutes a public health problem. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and factors associated with gender-based violence. Study Framework and Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical aim over the period from January 2016 to December 2022. The study took place in the Integrated Support Center for Victims and Survivors of Gender-Based Violence located in the Departmental University Hospital Center of Borgou and Alibori. The study population consisted of people who were victims of gender-based violence in the northern region of Benin, regardless of their age and gender. Results: The study population consisted of 1198 subjects. The average age of the victims was 21.76 ± 10.02;female victims represented 96.4%, with a sex ratio equal to 0.037 (43/1155). Sexual violence was the most represented (50.25%), followed by psychological (29.30%), physical (24.37%), economic (13.77%) and property (2%). The factors associated with violence were married people and monthly income (physical violence), minors, female gender and single people (sexual violence), polygamous households and monthly income (economic violence), the absence of children burden, married people and monthly income (psychological violence), married people (property violence). Conclusion: Gender-based violence is frequent in the North of Benin and is dominated by sexual violence. The victims are mainly female.
文摘Introduction: In developing countries, gender-based violence (GBV) is a real public health problem. In Benin, GBV affects the majority of women and girls (69%). Benin has implemented strategies and set up integrated centers for the management of violence in order to reduce cases of violence and ensure the holistic management of victims. The objective of our study was to assess the functionality of the network of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) in case of GBV in the commune of Kpomasse in 2022. Method: This descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March 21 to April 11, 2022. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic. Reasoned choice and convenience were the techniques used for the different targets of the study. The functionality of the SRHR service network was assessed first by calculating scores at the structure, process and outcome levels, and then by analysis using the human rights-based approach. Results: Out of the 34 GBV victims identified, only one had received a full response and 54% of the victims had no knowledge of SRHR. The lack of knowledge about health care facilities was 41% for victims and 80% for non-victims in the community who participated in the study. In the case of gender-based violence, the community preferred to settle out of court rather than report it. The functionality of the networking of sexual and reproductive health rights services in the event of the occurrence of gender-based violence in the commune of Kpomassè is insufficient. Lack of knowledge of the roles of rights holders (DD) and duty bearers (DO) explains the insufficient functionality of networking. Conclusion: Training of SRHR service agents and community sensitization are essential to improve the functionality of SRHR service networking in the commune of Kpomasse.
文摘This article offers an anthropological overview about birth processes in a small village in Bali.I would like to investigate how the naturalization of this event is often used to justify control over the physical and social body of women,their descendants and social group.Central focus of the analysis will be the consideration of how women’s position within society is determined by a complex system of rules,values,and medical practices deeply conditioning childbirth sphere that legitimates hierarchical divisions and gender inequality.
文摘<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Gender-based violence is violence against men and women in which the woman is more likely to be the victim. Globally, one in every four women is physically or sexually abused during pregnancy. The main objective was to study gender-based violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We carried out a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 231 pregnant women at the antenatal care unit of the BRH from January to March 2018. The study included all women who gave a written informed consent. A questionnaire adapted from the WHO multi-country study was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, aspects of gender-based violence (GBV), and data for other associated factors were collected by face-to-face interview. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compare frequencies. Student </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-test was used to compare means. Binary logistic regression analysis and multivariate analysis were used to eliminate confounders. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 56.3% (n = 130) of pregnant women involved in the study were found to be survivors of GBV. Psychological trauma, physical assault and sexual violence were found in 47.2%, 30.2% and 19.9% respectively. Depression and anxiety were the most frequent clinical manifestations. Only 37.7% of the survivors sought management. The factors statistically associated with the occurrence of GBV were: for physical violence a partner that smokes;for sexual violence a history of sexual assault on the survivor as a child, a primary level of education of the partner, and a partner that is alcoholic;for psychological violence a history of sexual assault on the survivor as a child, a primary level of education of the partner, and a partner that is alcoholic. After adjusting for confounders, having a partner with only a primary education had a statistically significant association [3.610 (1.431 - 9.091), p = 0.007] with the occurrence of GBV. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> GBV is a key health risk among pregnant women consulting at the ANC unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital and proper education of the partner is primordial in its prevention.</span></span></span></span>
基金China Office of United Nation Population FundPartners for Prevention,an Asia–Pacific programme jointly established by United Nations Development Programme,United Nation Population Fund,UN women and UN Volunteersconducted by the Anti-Domestic Violence Network of China and the Beijing Forestry University.
文摘Based on a survey implemented in a county in central China,the researchers found it is common for women to experience gender-based violence,especially violence at the hands of intimate partners.About half of men surveyed reported inflicting physical or sexual violence on their female partners.One in five men reported having raped a partner or non-partner woman.The physical,mental and reproductive health of the female and male respondents were found to be significantly associated with women’s victimization and men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence.Gender-based violence,including intimate partner violence,is a construction of the social-ecological system.Four elements that are key to hegemonic masculinity are identified:male decision-making,male reputation,violence and heterosexuality.By positing the four elements as standards that define a“real man”,the domination of men over women is naturalized and legitimized.It is necessary to foster other non-violent and more equitable masculinities.
文摘Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex workers (SW) among them, as well as the proportion of MSM who have been victims of gender-based violence (GBV). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study coordinated by the Direction de la Médecine du Travail was carried out at the headquarters of the association ALTERNATIVES in Bangui Bangui from July 1 to October 31, 2021. Consenting MSM present during the study period were systematically included. Sociodemographic variables, those relating to the future vision of the activity and to GBV were collected and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: Forty MSM with an average age of 23 years and mainly secondary education (75.0%) were included. The vast majority of MSM were unemployed (85.0%). 45.0% had been victims of GBV and wanted to stop working as an MSM (47.5%), and almost 2/3 (65.0%) would accept another income-generating activity in exchange for the MSM. Violence was sexual (32.5%), economic (22.5%), physical (20.0%), verbal (12.5%) and psychological (12.5%). Conclusion: The MSM were mainly young, poorly educated, unemployed, and almost half were victims of GBV. The desire to change MSM activity to another income-generating activity alongside that of MSM shows that many of them are SW, workers in the informal sector. This must be taken into account in prevention activities, even if the data needs to be confirmed on a much larger sample.
文摘Language plays a central role in how gender and sexuality are described. In Bangla or Bengali, physicians, when educating and counseling women patients, do not have a socially acceptable word for “vagina”. If language is missing for female genitalia or important female sexual functions, could this absence reflect on the position of women in society, reproductive rights, and access to healthcare? Is there a relationship between language and the high rates of the gender-based cervical and breast cancers in some low and middle-income countries? This commentary examines scholarship on the topic of language, the female body, gender-based violence, disparities of healthcare for women, and the consequences of language on sexual attitudes and health.
文摘This research in the field of Media Sociology and Gender Studies compares the representation of death and of female corpses in two crime TV series produced in the last decade in two very different contexts: the Italian series RIS – Delitti imperfetti (Canale 5) and the Irish one The Fall (BBC Northern Ireland). The interest for this theme is born out of the awareness of the gravity of a phenomenon such as gendered violence. The starting assumption here is that media representations play a key role in fueling or counteracting the culture that feeds gendered violence: this is true both for news media and fictional media, able to shape our social imaginary. At the basis of this research there are three questions: whether the violence, victims and perpetrators represented in media coincide with the actual reality of the above-mentioned countries;what kind of frame is the most commonly used to represent male violence against women;and whether violence itself and the dead female body are represented with any kind of eroticization or spectacularization. To answer these questions, I will carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis, looking at Feminist Film Theory in order to resolve he last issue.
文摘Background: There is an increasing emphasis on conducting research to identify gender based violence issues to enable development of appropriate programs and interventions. However, these efforts are mixed in quality and often raise ethical questions. The increased pressure on policy makers to move to a more evidence-based approach in addressing gender based issues creates the need for this research prioritization activity. Inadequate evaluative evidence in this area poses a challenge in the planning for responsive interventions especially in resource limited settings. The purpose of this paper is to present gender based violence research priority areas for the WHO Africa Region. Methods: We utilized a modified version of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to reach consensus on research priorities on the thematic area of gender based violence. In three phases, we first conducted an online survey with sexual and reproductive health and rights experts in academia, ministries of health, non-governmental organizations and other health actors with a wide range of experiences. These questions were consolidated by three experts from World Health Organization headquarters into themes. Secondly, experts were invited in a meeting in Cape Town South Africa to analyze and generate relevant areas of research based on the themes. Finally, a smaller group of experts prioritized research areas based on agreed criteria. Results: A list of 10 priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were scored and ranked. Four priority research questions scored 30 points out of the possible 30 points and were thus ranked as the highest priority. These included questions that “engage young adolescents in behavioral interventions to influence gender roles”, “determinants of gender based violence analysis”, “both long and short term complications of gender based violence on survivors” and “assessment of men’s involvement in addressing gender-based violence against women”. The second most highly ranked question was on the assessment of the extent and strategies to prevent gender-based violence in the context of humanitarian crises. Conclusions: Priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were identified. This exercise provides a three year investment case for research with high potential of effectively identifying interventions with high impact on addressing gender based violence.
文摘Gender-based language difference, as a common phenomenon and research interest has drawn great attention in sociolinguistics field. This paper aims to discuss possible reasons for language differences between men and women in China based on dominance framework and difference theory. Moreover, Chinese culture, Chinese history and the development of modern society related to the causes for language difference between men and women are examined in this paper as well. It is hoped that the current paper can help contribute to furthering the study of language and gender.
文摘The gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people,consisting of family and state order,inner/outer distinction and gender-based hierarchy,took shape in the period of radical transformation when the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty and reached maturity in the Han dynasty,which had been established in the wake of the radical transformation conducted by the Zhou and Qin dynasties.On the basis of the principles of male/female distinction and the integration of family and state,Western Zhou aristocrats abolished the state structure the inner and outer governance systems(nei/waifuzhi内外服制),carried on in part the main patrilineage and surname exogamy of the Shang dynasty,and established the Huaxia patriarchal system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the patriarchal system evolved into family and state isomorphism characterized by power-sharing between the royal house and its officials and by a two-pronged kinship system in which the male line was inner and the female line was outer.The system thus evolved into the Huaxia gender-based patriarchy,which covered spatial spheres,division of responsibilities,the kinship system,values and ethics,and codes of daily interaction and conduct.The distinction between the inner and the outer was not only a core value of the gender-based patriarchy but also its operational strategy.It also engendered such inter-related sub-systems as human functions,ethics and gender and such philosophical systems as the unity of heaven and man and the cosmic binaries of yin-yang(阴阳)and qian-kun(乾坤).The constancy(经jing)/Expedience(权quan)and Continuity(因yin)/Change(变bian)of the gender-based patriarchy,the jing/quan at the heart of the basic system and governance strategy within its constraints jointly ensured the stability and dynamism of the gender-based patriarchy of the Huaxia people.
文摘Ours isa world of pandemics Intersecting with and frequently exacerbated by responses to the coronavirus pandemic have been numerous pandemics with much longer histories,including pandemics of other communicable diseases,as well as pandemics of non-communicable diseases,mental illness,addiction,systemicracism,socialinjustice,gender-based violence,and misinformation,all of which have been deeply intertwined with environmental degradation and climate disruption.In our era of multiple intensifying pandemics,not to mention often anemic humanities enrollments,it is crucial that comparative literature go more global:engaging more deeply with abroader array of texts,pathways,and processes than ever before with a focus on providing insights into global challenges and crises aswell as possibilities for ameliorationon avast scale.Thisessay focusesontwo examples the connections between disease and stigmaiand the connections between environmental crises and gender-based violence.
