Objective] This study aimed to investigate the method for efficient utilization and development of purple sweet potatoes. [Method] Purple sweet potatoes were dried at two specific temperatures and prepared into prelim...Objective] This study aimed to investigate the method for efficient utilization and development of purple sweet potatoes. [Method] Purple sweet potatoes were dried at two specific temperatures and prepared into preliminarily-processed products for gelatinization simulation to analyze the extraction amount of anthocyanins from gelatinized samples at different gelatinization stages. [Result] During the gelatinization process, the extraction rate of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato samples reached the highest as the temperature rised from 90 ℃ to 95 ℃,and the extraction amount of anthocyanins reached the maximum at 15 min postheat preservation at 95 ℃. Purple sweet potato samples dried at 60 ℃ exhibited larger retention amount, larger maximum extraction amount and higher maximum extraction rate of anthocyanins compared with those dried at 110 ℃. [Conclusion] Drying at low temperatures and appropriately shortening the initial gelatinization stage below 90 ℃ is conducive to the retention and extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes.展开更多
Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65℃ for 180 min and steaming at 96℃ for 2–10 min,and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization （DSG） an...Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65℃ for 180 min and steaming at 96℃ for 2–10 min,and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization （DSG） andseveral quality attributes （head rice yield （HRY）, color value and hardness） of parboiled rice were measured.Results showed that DSG （46.8%–77.9%）, color value （18.08–19.04） and hardness （118.6–219.2 N） allincreased following steaming. In contrast, the HRY increased （64.8%–67.1%） for steaming times between 2–4min but decreased （67.1%–65.0%） for steaming times between 4–10 min. Linear relations between DSG andcolor value （R2 = 0.87）, and DSG and hardness （R2 = 0.88） were observed. The suitable DSG of parboiled riceleading to the highest HRY was found to be 62.5%, obtained following 4 min of steaming.展开更多
The polysaccharides, such as κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, agarose (agar), gellan gum, amylose, curdlan, alginate, and deacetylated rhamsan gum, in water changed into an ice-like structure with hydrogen bonding betw...The polysaccharides, such as κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, agarose (agar), gellan gum, amylose, curdlan, alginate, and deacetylated rhamsan gum, in water changed into an ice-like structure with hydrogen bonding between polymer and water molecules, and between water-water molecules even at a concentration range of 0.1% - 1.0% (W/V) at room temperature, resulting in gelation. Such dramatic changes from liquid into gels have been understood at the molecular level in principles. In this review, we describe the structure-function relationship of starch on the view point of rheological aspects and discuss gelatinization and retrogradation mechanism including water molecules at molecular level. The starch molecules (amylose and amylopectin) play a dominant role in the center of the tetrahedral cavities occupied by water molecules, and the arrangement is partially similar to a tetrahedral structure in a gelatinization process. The arrangement should lead to a cooperative effect stabilizing extended regions of ice-like water with hydrogen bonding on the surface of the polymer molecules, where hemiacetal oxygen and hydroxyl groups might participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Thus, a more extended ice-like hydrogen bonding within water molecules might be achieved in a retrogradation process. Though many investigations not only include starch gelatinization and retrogradaion, but also the gelling properties of the polysaccharides have been undertaken to elucidate the structure-function relationship, no other researchers have established mechanism at the molecular level. There is reasonable consistency in our investigations.展开更多
As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the tre...As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the treatment time of HHP.In this paper,we investigated the impacts of HHP treatment time(0,5,10,15,20,25,30 min)on the microstructure,gelatinization and thermal properties as well as in vitro digestibility of oat starch by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,13C NMR and differential scanning calorimeter.Results showed that 5-min HHP treatment led to deformation and decreases in short-range ordered and doublehelix structures of oat starch granules,and further extending the treatment time to 15 min or above caused the formation of a gelatinous connection zone,increase of particle size,disintegration of short-range ordered and double-helix structures,and crystal structure change from A type to V type,indicating gelatinization occurred.Longer treatment time also resulted in the reduction in both the viscosity and the stability of oat starch.These indicated that HHP treatment time greatly influenced the microstructure of oat starch,and the oat starch experienced crystalline destruction(5 min),crystalline disintegration(15 min)and gelatinization(>15 min)during HHP treatment.Results of in vitro digestibility showed that the rapidly digestible starch(RDS)content declined first after treatment for 5 to 10 min then rose with the time extending from 15 to 30 min,indicating that longer pressure treatment time was unfavourable to the health benefits of oat starch for humans with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Therefore,the 500-MPa treatment time for oat starch is recommended not more than 15 min.This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of HHP technology in starch modification and development of health foods.展开更多
The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) were used to determine the starch gelatinizationcharacteristics during the growth of three sweetpotato cultivars. The results showed that the ...The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) were used to determine the starch gelatinizationcharacteristics during the growth of three sweetpotato cultivars. The results showed that the starch contents of threesweetpotato cultivars all decreased as growth progressed. Changes of the amylose contents differing in harvesting datesshould be discriminated according to the cultivars. At the early harvests amylose contents of Xushu18 and Zheda9201were relatively high, but those of Zhe3449 were low. As the growth duration of sweetpotatoes prolonged, the peaks ofDSC thermograms tended to occur at a low temperature and not to be so obstrusive with the increased width of the peak.Obvious decreases were observed, values of onset, peak and conclusion temperatures, as well as enthalpy of phasetransitions, as growth time lengthened. The peak viscosities, as determined through RVA, showed a rising tendency asgrowth progressed. In addition, statistical analysis revealed that there were correlations between the amylose content andgelatinization characteristics to some extent, which were affected by genotypes evidently.展开更多
The microscopic structures of the endosperm of indica rice varieties with different quality before and after gelatinization were observed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the degree of gelat...The microscopic structures of the endosperm of indica rice varieties with different quality before and after gelatinization were observed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the degree of gelatinization varied in different parts of the grain and in different varieties under the same experimental conditions. The gelatinization of dorsal side was the most complete. Its cells were decomposed totally into puff-like or flocculent materials. The ventral side gelatinized less thoroughly, appearing agglomerate and some cell frames were still visible. The middle part gelatinized most incompletely and the cells were still integrated. Evident differences in gelatinization were observed among different varieties, the dorsal, ventral and middle parts of high quality varieties gelatinized more thoroughly than those of the corresponding parts of low quality varieties respectively. An obvious concavity often appeared in the middle of the cross-section of the low quality grains while the cross-section of high quality grains was normally flat. The same phenomenon was noted when comparing the early maturing indica rice and the late maturing indica rice. Varietal difference of gelatinization in dorsal sides was not as distinct as in middle parts and ventral sides. The difference among dorsal side, middle part and ventral side in gelatinization was greater in low quality grains than that of high quality grains. In addition, a lot of ruptured cells were observed in the cross-section of high quality rice, while few of them could be found in the low quality rice. Apparently, the number of ruptured cells is positively correlated with rice quality. Quality of rice grain also has positive correlation with the rate of water absorption and extension. High rates of water absorption and extension lead to better gelatinization of rice grain, and hence indicate good quality.展开更多
Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is co...Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is considered to be controlled by a major gene. Here, we report the map-based cloning of rice ALK that encodes the soluble starch synthase II (SSSII). Comparison between the DNA sequences from different rice varieties, together with the results obtained with digestion of the rice seeds in alkali solution, indicates that the base substitutions in coding se-quence of ALK may cause the alteration in GT.展开更多
Gelatinization temperature（GT） is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice.Indeed,the phenotype,biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times.Previous...Gelatinization temperature（GT） is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice.Indeed,the phenotype,biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times.Previous map-based cloning revealed that GT was controlled by ALK gene,which encodes a putative soluble starch synthase II-3.Complementation vector and RNAi vector were constructed and transformed into Nipponbare mediated by Agrobacterium.Phenotypic and molecular analyses of transgenic lines provided direct evidence for ALK as a key gene for GT.Meanwhile,amylose content,gel consistency and pasting properties were also affected in transgenic lines.Two of four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding sequence of ALK were identified as essential for GT.Based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）,two new sets of SNP markers combined with one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker were developed for application in rice quality breeding.展开更多
Millets,nutrient-rich grains packed with complex carbohydrates,dietary fiber,essential proteins,lipids,and antioxidant phytochemicals,are gaining recognition as valuable dietary components.Various processing technique...Millets,nutrient-rich grains packed with complex carbohydrates,dietary fiber,essential proteins,lipids,and antioxidant phytochemicals,are gaining recognition as valuable dietary components.Various processing techniques,including roasting,extrusion,germination,and hydrothermal treatment,have been employed to enhance nutritional bioavailability and consumer appeal.These processing,which involves the application of heat and moisture,induces specific transformations in millet components.Starch undergoes gelatinization,a process in which its crystalline structure is disrupted,leading to increased digestibility and viscosity.Proteins undergo denaturation,altering their structure and potentially improving their digestibility and functionality.Lipids may also undergo modifications,impacting their stability and interactions with other food components.These changes facilitate the release of bioactive compounds such as phenolics,flavonoids,and tannins.These processes effectively reduce anti-nutritional factors,further boosting nutrient availability.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various hydrothermal methods,including steaming and heat-moisture treatment,and critically evaluates their impact on the physicochemical properties,nutritional profile,and potential health benefits of millet.Steaming,a gentler method involves cooking millet in a steamer basket above boiling water,preserving its delicate texture and nutty flavor while still promoting starch gelatinization and nutrient retention.Heat-moisture treatment,a more specialized technique,involves exposing millet to elevated temperatures and controlled moisture levels,inducing specific changes in starch properties without causing complete gelatinization.This review examines how hydrothermal methods affect the nutritional and functional properties of millet to inspire the development of innovative,nutritious millet-based food products.展开更多
Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat th...Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat through optimization of the cell source and organization process.Results We engineered fibroblasts into myogenic cells via non-viral introduction of the MYOD1 gene,avoiding viral methods for safety.After confirming the stable derivation of myogenic cells,we combined knockout(KO)of MSTN,a negative regulator of myogenesis,with MYOD1-mediated myogenesis to improve cultivated meat production.Primary cells from MSTN KO cattle exhibited enhanced myogenic potential.Additionally,when tested in immortalized fibroblasts,myostatin treatment reduced MYOD1-induced myogenesis in two-dimensional cultures,while MSTN knockout increased it.To achieve muscle-like cell alignment,we employed digital light processing(DLP)-based three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting to organize cells into 3D groove-shaped hydrogels.These bioactive hydrogels supported stable cell proliferation and significantly improved muscle cell alignment.Upon differentiation into myotubes,the cells demonstrated an ordered alignment,particularly the MSTN KO cells,which showed highly efficient differentiation.Conclusions The integration of genetic modification and advanced DLP 3D bioprinting with groove-patterned hydrogels provides an effective strategy for producing high-quality,muscle-aligned cultivated meat.展开更多
Bio-degradable cassava starch-based adhesives were produced from chemically gelatinized starch formulations. The varying combinations of process parameters applied include: concentration of gelatinization modifier, ma...Bio-degradable cassava starch-based adhesives were produced from chemically gelatinized starch formulations. The varying combinations of process parameters applied include: concentration of gelatinization modifier, mass % borax/starch, and temperature of reaction mixture. The physico-chemical parameters for characterizing the adhesive samples were viscosity, density, pH and bonding strength. The effects of the variation of process parameters on the quality of the adhesives were assessed using response surface (central composite) designs with 2 factors, to relate the highest adhesive quality with the optimal combination of process factors. The adhesives produced using HCl as the gelatinization modifier were of a higher quality than those produced using NaOH with one of the most important quality assessment parameters which is the bond strength being 22.31 kPa at 0.01 M and 20% mass borax/starch and 11.60 kPa at 0.01 M and 8% mass borax/starch for HCl and NaOH respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal temperature for the production of the adhesive was 85˚C.展开更多
Osteosarcoma,an aggressive bone cancer found most often in children and adolescents,remains difficult to treat,and little improvement in survival rate has been observed over recent decades.The tumor microenvironment(T...Osteosarcoma,an aggressive bone cancer found most often in children and adolescents,remains difficult to treat,and little improvement in survival rate has been observed over recent decades.The tumor microenvironment(TME),especially the extracellular matrix(ECM),is a critical factor determining cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance,yet traditional 2D models generally fail to replicate its properties.Recent development of 3D-bioprinted tumor models has facilitated improved simulation of the complexity of the TME,but specific models involving bioinks tailored to osteosarcoma remain underdeveloped.Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)is a common bioink that can rapidly gel and contains Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)sequences.However,it lacks collagen’s triple-helix structure that is essential for ECM-cell communication.Hyaluronic acid(HA)is a macromolecule that is aberrantly expressed in osteosarcoma by mechanisms that remain largely unexplored.In this study,we developed a composite bioink containing GelMA,collagen,and HA,and applied it to 3D bioprint an in vitro osteosarcoma model.We found that HA significantly enhanced osteosarcoma cell proliferation and chemoresistance,as well as the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell markers.Furthermore,we found that HA abundance was positively correlated with hypoxia and angiogenesis signaling pathways,and this occurred mainly via upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)expression,thereby contributing to increased chemoresistance.Overall,our study provides a protocol for building in vitro realistic 3D-bioprinted models for studying osteosarcoma,highlights the role of HA in osteosarcoma progression,and offers a platform for developing new chemotherapy treatments.展开更多
Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these...Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.展开更多
Delaying skin-aging through diet is a hot research topic in recent years,but the anti-aging effects of fish gelatin and related mechanisms are not well understood.In this study,we prepared edible fish gelatin from the...Delaying skin-aging through diet is a hot research topic in recent years,but the anti-aging effects of fish gelatin and related mechanisms are not well understood.In this study,we prepared edible fish gelatin from the swim bladder of Cynoscion acoupa using three different processing methods,namely dried(DCM),soaked(SCM)and instanted(ICM),to investigate its anti-aging effects and mechanisms on D-galactose induced skin aging in mice,as well as its effects on the gut microbiota.The results demonstrated that fish gelatin significantly increased water content,collagen,hyaluronic acid(HA)and hydroxyproline(Hyp)content,and skin integrity of mice skin,as well as enhanced the antioxidative ability and anti-inflammatory capacity of the skin.In terms of protein and mRNA expression levels in skin tissue,CMs treated with different treatments can up-regulate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and tissue inhibitor of metal protease 1(TIMP1),down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1)and matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP3),and increase the expression of collagen type III alpha 1 chain(COL3A1)and collagen type I alpha 2 chain(COL1A2).CMs attenuated the D-galactose-mediated inhibition collagen expression by stimulating the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway,thereby maintaining collagen matrix homeostasis.In addition,we revealed that CMs reversed gut microbiota by increase the abundance of intestinal flora.In conclusion,we demonstrated that CMs,especially for ICM,as an effective dietary supplement,have potential anti-aging and skin health benefits.展开更多
Conductive hydrogels derived from natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in wearable electronics due to their inherent biocompatibility and sustainability.However,their poor mechanical strength,limited c...Conductive hydrogels derived from natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in wearable electronics due to their inherent biocompatibility and sustainability.However,their poor mechanical strength,limited conductivity and unsatisfactory environmental adaptability remain significant challenges fo r practical applications.In this study,we report a high-performance gelatin-based conductive hydrogel(GPC)reinforced with polypyrrole-decorated cellulose nanofibers(PPy@CNF)and enhanced by a zwitterionic betaine/(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) solution.The PPy@CNF hybrid nanofillers were synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization,enabling homogeneous dispersion of PPy along the CNF su rface.The incorporation of PPy@CNF significantly improved both mechanical strength and conductivity of the gelatin hydrogel.Meanwhile,the Hofmeister effect induced by(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) strengthened the hydrogel network,and the introduction of betaine further enhanced its anti-freezing and moisture-retention properties.The optimized GPC hydrogel exhibited a high tensile strength of 1.02 MPa,conductivity of 1.5 S·m^(-1),and stable performance at temperatures down to-50℃.Furthermore,it was successfully assembled into a wearable strain sensor for real-time human motion monitoring,and as an electrode layer in a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),enabling biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.This work provides a promising strategy for developing sustainable,multifu nctional hydrogels for next-generation weara ble electronics.展开更多
The notorious shuttle effect of polyiodides in aqueous Zinc-iodine(Zn-I2)batteries impedes their practical application,which renders it imperative to address this issue.Here,we report natural gelatin as an advanced aq...The notorious shuttle effect of polyiodides in aqueous Zinc-iodine(Zn-I2)batteries impedes their practical application,which renders it imperative to address this issue.Here,we report natural gelatin as an advanced aqueous binder for iodine-loading cathode to enable stable and efficient Zn-I_(2) batteries.The positively charged region in gelatin presents electrostatic attraction to the iodine species,while the electron-rich regions could donate electrons to form physical or even covalent bonds with iodine species,thus inhibiting polyiodides shuttle effect and boosting redox reaction.A high reversible capacity of 138 mAh g^(-1) after 3000 cycles at 2C and an ultra-long cycling stability of 30000 cycles at 25C with 107 mAh g^(-1) capacity was achieved.Gelatin binder also can accommodate high iodine-loading(~10 mg)cathode,punch cells,and severe temperature conditions(-10℃ and 60℃).In-situ UV-vis absorption spectroscopy,in-situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculation revealed the critical role of gelatin binder in suppressing polyiodide shuttling and accelerating reaction kinetics.This work uncovers the potential of natural low-cost binder material in advanced Zn-I_(2) batteries and drives future study of designing functional binders.展开更多
Active sulfur dissolution and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)are the main obstacles hindering the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),which is primarily induced by the direct interact...Active sulfur dissolution and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)are the main obstacles hindering the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),which is primarily induced by the direct interaction between sulfur-loading cathode and liquid electrolyte.The introduction of functional interlayer within the separator and cathode is an effective strategy to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface reaction and improve the utilization rate of active sulfur.Herein,conductive composite nanofabrics(CCN)with multifunctional groups are employed as the interlayer of sulfur-loading cathode,in which the PMIA/PAN supporting fibers offer robust mechanical strength and high thermostable performance,and gelatin/polypyrrole functional fibers ensure high electrical conductivity and strong chemical interaction for LiPSs.As demonstrated by the experimental data and material characterizations,the presence of CCN interlayer not only blocks the shuttle behavior of LiPSs,but also strengthens the interface stability of both Li anode and sulfur-loading cathode.Interestingly,the assembled LSBs with CCN interlayer can maintain stable capacity of 686 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.5 A/g.This work will provide new ideas for the elaborate design of functional in terlayers/se para tors for LSBs and lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,1...Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,13,500,17,500,and 21,500 rpm)on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin films enriched with cinnamon essential oil(CEO).Homogenization reduced droplet sizes and narrowed droplet size distributions in the film-forming emulsion(FFE).At a homogenization rate of 9500 rpm,the films exhibited excellent mechan-ical extensibility,reduced surface irregularities,and enhanced smoothness.The highest(p<0.05)tensile strength and elongation at break were observed at this rate,showing increases of 57%and 14%,respectively,compared to the control film made from non-homogenized FFE.However,further increases in homogenization rates signifi-cantly increased(p<0.05)water vapor permeability and caused CEO droplets aggregation,leading to increased surface irregularities and the formation of pores in the film microstructure.These structural changes were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).These findings indicate that the film properties were significantly influenced by the homogenization rate,highlighting its role in tailoring the mechanical and barrier properties of fish gelatin/CEO films for food packaging applications.展开更多
With the widespread popularity of electronic equipment and rapid development of wireless communication technology,electromagnetic shielding materials possessing thermal insulation properties can effectively block elec...With the widespread popularity of electronic equipment and rapid development of wireless communication technology,electromagnetic shielding materials possessing thermal insulation properties can effectively block electromagnetic radiation for ensuring normal operation of electronic equipment and human health,while providing heat insulation to improve energy efficiency and protect equipment from high temperatures.In this study,we employ covalent organic skeleton(COF)to optimize Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene layers and successfully prepare MXene@COF heterostructures.This structure maintained the unique two-dimensional architecture of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene while preventing aggregation and self-stacking of MXene nanosheets through the outer COF layer.The modification increases material porosity and significantly enhances electrical conductivity.We incorporated the heterostructure into acrylamidegelatin hydrogels and controlled shielding efficiency by varying COF content.Results demonstrate that the MXene@COF-based hydrogel(15 mm p-pheny lenedi amine)exhibits high toughness,strong electromagnetic shielding capability,infrared stealth performance,and thermal insulation properties.In the X-band,mechanical tests show only 3 mm in thickness and 0.90 wt%MXene@COF content,electromagnetic shielding efficiency(EMI SE)of the material is as high as 37.52 dB,and the average total electromagnetic shielding(SE_(T))is 32.01 dB,the compressive stress is 20.85 MPa,the water content is 79.04%,and the electrical conductivity is 1.22 S m^(-1).These finding soffer new possibilities for developing COF-based electromagnetic shielding materials.展开更多
The granular structure, crystal structure and gelatinization temp. of thermoplastic starch were studied with a polarized light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and the crystallinity and crystalline patte...The granular structure, crystal structure and gelatinization temp. of thermoplastic starch were studied with a polarized light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and the crystallinity and crystalline patterns were determined through X ray diffraction. The results indicate that the original granular structure and spherical crystalline structure of starch were disrupted by the action of pressure, heat and shear force with the help of additives. The starch can be melted during extrusion, and part of the spheric crystal was destroyed and changed into a continual amorphous with a few crystalline fractions dispersed in it. The configuration of starch molecules changed from double helices to single helix, which indicated the formation of the complex.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau([2012]No.100 201250499145-15)~~
文摘Objective] This study aimed to investigate the method for efficient utilization and development of purple sweet potatoes. [Method] Purple sweet potatoes were dried at two specific temperatures and prepared into preliminarily-processed products for gelatinization simulation to analyze the extraction amount of anthocyanins from gelatinized samples at different gelatinization stages. [Result] During the gelatinization process, the extraction rate of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato samples reached the highest as the temperature rised from 90 ℃ to 95 ℃,and the extraction amount of anthocyanins reached the maximum at 15 min postheat preservation at 95 ℃. Purple sweet potato samples dried at 60 ℃ exhibited larger retention amount, larger maximum extraction amount and higher maximum extraction rate of anthocyanins compared with those dried at 110 ℃. [Conclusion] Drying at low temperatures and appropriately shortening the initial gelatinization stage below 90 ℃ is conducive to the retention and extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes.
文摘Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65℃ for 180 min and steaming at 96℃ for 2–10 min,and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization （DSG） andseveral quality attributes （head rice yield （HRY）, color value and hardness） of parboiled rice were measured.Results showed that DSG （46.8%–77.9%）, color value （18.08–19.04） and hardness （118.6–219.2 N） allincreased following steaming. In contrast, the HRY increased （64.8%–67.1%） for steaming times between 2–4min but decreased （67.1%–65.0%） for steaming times between 4–10 min. Linear relations between DSG andcolor value （R2 = 0.87）, and DSG and hardness （R2 = 0.88） were observed. The suitable DSG of parboiled riceleading to the highest HRY was found to be 62.5%, obtained following 4 min of steaming.
文摘The polysaccharides, such as κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, agarose (agar), gellan gum, amylose, curdlan, alginate, and deacetylated rhamsan gum, in water changed into an ice-like structure with hydrogen bonding between polymer and water molecules, and between water-water molecules even at a concentration range of 0.1% - 1.0% (W/V) at room temperature, resulting in gelation. Such dramatic changes from liquid into gels have been understood at the molecular level in principles. In this review, we describe the structure-function relationship of starch on the view point of rheological aspects and discuss gelatinization and retrogradation mechanism including water molecules at molecular level. The starch molecules (amylose and amylopectin) play a dominant role in the center of the tetrahedral cavities occupied by water molecules, and the arrangement is partially similar to a tetrahedral structure in a gelatinization process. The arrangement should lead to a cooperative effect stabilizing extended regions of ice-like water with hydrogen bonding on the surface of the polymer molecules, where hemiacetal oxygen and hydroxyl groups might participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Thus, a more extended ice-like hydrogen bonding within water molecules might be achieved in a retrogradation process. Though many investigations not only include starch gelatinization and retrogradaion, but also the gelling properties of the polysaccharides have been undertaken to elucidate the structure-function relationship, no other researchers have established mechanism at the molecular level. There is reasonable consistency in our investigations.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31760468 and32060515)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project (No.2020GG0064)
文摘As a non-thermal processing technology,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents.The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the treatment time of HHP.In this paper,we investigated the impacts of HHP treatment time(0,5,10,15,20,25,30 min)on the microstructure,gelatinization and thermal properties as well as in vitro digestibility of oat starch by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,13C NMR and differential scanning calorimeter.Results showed that 5-min HHP treatment led to deformation and decreases in short-range ordered and doublehelix structures of oat starch granules,and further extending the treatment time to 15 min or above caused the formation of a gelatinous connection zone,increase of particle size,disintegration of short-range ordered and double-helix structures,and crystal structure change from A type to V type,indicating gelatinization occurred.Longer treatment time also resulted in the reduction in both the viscosity and the stability of oat starch.These indicated that HHP treatment time greatly influenced the microstructure of oat starch,and the oat starch experienced crystalline destruction(5 min),crystalline disintegration(15 min)and gelatinization(>15 min)during HHP treatment.Results of in vitro digestibility showed that the rapidly digestible starch(RDS)content declined first after treatment for 5 to 10 min then rose with the time extending from 15 to 30 min,indicating that longer pressure treatment time was unfavourable to the health benefits of oat starch for humans with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Therefore,the 500-MPa treatment time for oat starch is recommended not more than 15 min.This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of HHP technology in starch modification and development of health foods.
基金support is kindly provided by the National 863 Program(2004AA241180)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,P.R.China
文摘The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) were used to determine the starch gelatinizationcharacteristics during the growth of three sweetpotato cultivars. The results showed that the starch contents of threesweetpotato cultivars all decreased as growth progressed. Changes of the amylose contents differing in harvesting datesshould be discriminated according to the cultivars. At the early harvests amylose contents of Xushu18 and Zheda9201were relatively high, but those of Zhe3449 were low. As the growth duration of sweetpotatoes prolonged, the peaks ofDSC thermograms tended to occur at a low temperature and not to be so obstrusive with the increased width of the peak.Obvious decreases were observed, values of onset, peak and conclusion temperatures, as well as enthalpy of phasetransitions, as growth time lengthened. The peak viscosities, as determined through RVA, showed a rising tendency asgrowth progressed. In addition, statistical analysis revealed that there were correlations between the amylose content andgelatinization characteristics to some extent, which were affected by genotypes evidently.
文摘The microscopic structures of the endosperm of indica rice varieties with different quality before and after gelatinization were observed using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the degree of gelatinization varied in different parts of the grain and in different varieties under the same experimental conditions. The gelatinization of dorsal side was the most complete. Its cells were decomposed totally into puff-like or flocculent materials. The ventral side gelatinized less thoroughly, appearing agglomerate and some cell frames were still visible. The middle part gelatinized most incompletely and the cells were still integrated. Evident differences in gelatinization were observed among different varieties, the dorsal, ventral and middle parts of high quality varieties gelatinized more thoroughly than those of the corresponding parts of low quality varieties respectively. An obvious concavity often appeared in the middle of the cross-section of the low quality grains while the cross-section of high quality grains was normally flat. The same phenomenon was noted when comparing the early maturing indica rice and the late maturing indica rice. Varietal difference of gelatinization in dorsal sides was not as distinct as in middle parts and ventral sides. The difference among dorsal side, middle part and ventral side in gelatinization was greater in low quality grains than that of high quality grains. In addition, a lot of ruptured cells were observed in the cross-section of high quality rice, while few of them could be found in the low quality rice. Apparently, the number of ruptured cells is positively correlated with rice quality. Quality of rice grain also has positive correlation with the rate of water absorption and extension. High rates of water absorption and extension lead to better gelatinization of rice grain, and hence indicate good quality.
基金supported by the National Special Program for Research and Transgenic Plants(Grant No.JY03-A-07-01)Natural Science Foundation,Zhejiang Province.
文摘Gelatinization temperature (GT) is an important parameter for evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice besides amylose content (AC). The inheritance of the genes affecting GT has been widely studied and is considered to be controlled by a major gene. Here, we report the map-based cloning of rice ALK that encodes the soluble starch synthase II (SSSII). Comparison between the DNA sequences from different rice varieties, together with the results obtained with digestion of the rice seeds in alkali solution, indicates that the base substitutions in coding se-quence of ALK may cause the alteration in GT.
基金supported by grants from the Hi-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (2006AA10A102)Transform Program (2008ZX08001-006)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project,Zhejiang Province (2009C32047)CNRRI foundation (2009RG002-1)
文摘Gelatinization temperature（GT） is an important parameter in evaluating the cooking and eating quality of rice.Indeed,the phenotype,biochemistry and inheritance of GT have been widely studied in recent times.Previous map-based cloning revealed that GT was controlled by ALK gene,which encodes a putative soluble starch synthase II-3.Complementation vector and RNAi vector were constructed and transformed into Nipponbare mediated by Agrobacterium.Phenotypic and molecular analyses of transgenic lines provided direct evidence for ALK as a key gene for GT.Meanwhile,amylose content,gel consistency and pasting properties were also affected in transgenic lines.Two of four nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding sequence of ALK were identified as essential for GT.Based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）,two new sets of SNP markers combined with one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker were developed for application in rice quality breeding.
基金the Indian Council of Agriculture Research,All India Coordinated Research Project on Postharvest Engineering and Technology(ICAR-AICRP on PHET)Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar,for providing technical and financial support for the research.
文摘Millets,nutrient-rich grains packed with complex carbohydrates,dietary fiber,essential proteins,lipids,and antioxidant phytochemicals,are gaining recognition as valuable dietary components.Various processing techniques,including roasting,extrusion,germination,and hydrothermal treatment,have been employed to enhance nutritional bioavailability and consumer appeal.These processing,which involves the application of heat and moisture,induces specific transformations in millet components.Starch undergoes gelatinization,a process in which its crystalline structure is disrupted,leading to increased digestibility and viscosity.Proteins undergo denaturation,altering their structure and potentially improving their digestibility and functionality.Lipids may also undergo modifications,impacting their stability and interactions with other food components.These changes facilitate the release of bioactive compounds such as phenolics,flavonoids,and tannins.These processes effectively reduce anti-nutritional factors,further boosting nutrient availability.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various hydrothermal methods,including steaming and heat-moisture treatment,and critically evaluates their impact on the physicochemical properties,nutritional profile,and potential health benefits of millet.Steaming,a gentler method involves cooking millet in a steamer basket above boiling water,preserving its delicate texture and nutty flavor while still promoting starch gelatinization and nutrient retention.Heat-moisture treatment,a more specialized technique,involves exposing millet to elevated temperatures and controlled moisture levels,inducing specific changes in starch properties without causing complete gelatinization.This review examines how hydrothermal methods affect the nutritional and functional properties of millet to inspire the development of innovative,nutritious millet-based food products.
基金financially supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture and Forestry(IPET-RS-2024–00402320)by the Meterials/Parts Technology Development Pro-gram(1415187291,Development of composite formulation with a sustained release(gene)for the treatment of companion animal sarcopenia)funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘Background As the global population increases,the demand for protein sources is expected to increase,driving the demand for cell-based cultivated meat.This study aimed to enhance the productivity of cultivated meat through optimization of the cell source and organization process.Results We engineered fibroblasts into myogenic cells via non-viral introduction of the MYOD1 gene,avoiding viral methods for safety.After confirming the stable derivation of myogenic cells,we combined knockout(KO)of MSTN,a negative regulator of myogenesis,with MYOD1-mediated myogenesis to improve cultivated meat production.Primary cells from MSTN KO cattle exhibited enhanced myogenic potential.Additionally,when tested in immortalized fibroblasts,myostatin treatment reduced MYOD1-induced myogenesis in two-dimensional cultures,while MSTN knockout increased it.To achieve muscle-like cell alignment,we employed digital light processing(DLP)-based three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting to organize cells into 3D groove-shaped hydrogels.These bioactive hydrogels supported stable cell proliferation and significantly improved muscle cell alignment.Upon differentiation into myotubes,the cells demonstrated an ordered alignment,particularly the MSTN KO cells,which showed highly efficient differentiation.Conclusions The integration of genetic modification and advanced DLP 3D bioprinting with groove-patterned hydrogels provides an effective strategy for producing high-quality,muscle-aligned cultivated meat.
文摘Bio-degradable cassava starch-based adhesives were produced from chemically gelatinized starch formulations. The varying combinations of process parameters applied include: concentration of gelatinization modifier, mass % borax/starch, and temperature of reaction mixture. The physico-chemical parameters for characterizing the adhesive samples were viscosity, density, pH and bonding strength. The effects of the variation of process parameters on the quality of the adhesives were assessed using response surface (central composite) designs with 2 factors, to relate the highest adhesive quality with the optimal combination of process factors. The adhesives produced using HCl as the gelatinization modifier were of a higher quality than those produced using NaOH with one of the most important quality assessment parameters which is the bond strength being 22.31 kPa at 0.01 M and 20% mass borax/starch and 11.60 kPa at 0.01 M and 8% mass borax/starch for HCl and NaOH respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimal temperature for the production of the adhesive was 85˚C.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.TGY24E050004)the Ningbo Major Research and Development Plan Project(No.2024Z208)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12202387)the Ningbo Health Technology Project(No.2023Y16)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.2022J212).
文摘Osteosarcoma,an aggressive bone cancer found most often in children and adolescents,remains difficult to treat,and little improvement in survival rate has been observed over recent decades.The tumor microenvironment(TME),especially the extracellular matrix(ECM),is a critical factor determining cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance,yet traditional 2D models generally fail to replicate its properties.Recent development of 3D-bioprinted tumor models has facilitated improved simulation of the complexity of the TME,but specific models involving bioinks tailored to osteosarcoma remain underdeveloped.Gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)is a common bioink that can rapidly gel and contains Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)sequences.However,it lacks collagen’s triple-helix structure that is essential for ECM-cell communication.Hyaluronic acid(HA)is a macromolecule that is aberrantly expressed in osteosarcoma by mechanisms that remain largely unexplored.In this study,we developed a composite bioink containing GelMA,collagen,and HA,and applied it to 3D bioprint an in vitro osteosarcoma model.We found that HA significantly enhanced osteosarcoma cell proliferation and chemoresistance,as well as the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell markers.Furthermore,we found that HA abundance was positively correlated with hypoxia and angiogenesis signaling pathways,and this occurred mainly via upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)expression,thereby contributing to increased chemoresistance.Overall,our study provides a protocol for building in vitro realistic 3D-bioprinted models for studying osteosarcoma,highlights the role of HA in osteosarcoma progression,and offers a platform for developing new chemotherapy treatments.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071170 and 82371016)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project for Public Welfare(No.LGF21H140004).
文摘Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2022B0202050001).
文摘Delaying skin-aging through diet is a hot research topic in recent years,but the anti-aging effects of fish gelatin and related mechanisms are not well understood.In this study,we prepared edible fish gelatin from the swim bladder of Cynoscion acoupa using three different processing methods,namely dried(DCM),soaked(SCM)and instanted(ICM),to investigate its anti-aging effects and mechanisms on D-galactose induced skin aging in mice,as well as its effects on the gut microbiota.The results demonstrated that fish gelatin significantly increased water content,collagen,hyaluronic acid(HA)and hydroxyproline(Hyp)content,and skin integrity of mice skin,as well as enhanced the antioxidative ability and anti-inflammatory capacity of the skin.In terms of protein and mRNA expression levels in skin tissue,CMs treated with different treatments can up-regulate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and tissue inhibitor of metal protease 1(TIMP1),down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1)and matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP3),and increase the expression of collagen type III alpha 1 chain(COL3A1)and collagen type I alpha 2 chain(COL1A2).CMs attenuated the D-galactose-mediated inhibition collagen expression by stimulating the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway,thereby maintaining collagen matrix homeostasis.In addition,we revealed that CMs reversed gut microbiota by increase the abundance of intestinal flora.In conclusion,we demonstrated that CMs,especially for ICM,as an effective dietary supplement,have potential anti-aging and skin health benefits.
基金financially supported by the PhD research startup foundation of China West Normal University(No.22kE038)。
文摘Conductive hydrogels derived from natural polymers have attracted increasing attention in wearable electronics due to their inherent biocompatibility and sustainability.However,their poor mechanical strength,limited conductivity and unsatisfactory environmental adaptability remain significant challenges fo r practical applications.In this study,we report a high-performance gelatin-based conductive hydrogel(GPC)reinforced with polypyrrole-decorated cellulose nanofibers(PPy@CNF)and enhanced by a zwitterionic betaine/(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) solution.The PPy@CNF hybrid nanofillers were synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization,enabling homogeneous dispersion of PPy along the CNF su rface.The incorporation of PPy@CNF significantly improved both mechanical strength and conductivity of the gelatin hydrogel.Meanwhile,the Hofmeister effect induced by(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) strengthened the hydrogel network,and the introduction of betaine further enhanced its anti-freezing and moisture-retention properties.The optimized GPC hydrogel exhibited a high tensile strength of 1.02 MPa,conductivity of 1.5 S·m^(-1),and stable performance at temperatures down to-50℃.Furthermore,it was successfully assembled into a wearable strain sensor for real-time human motion monitoring,and as an electrode layer in a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),enabling biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.This work provides a promising strategy for developing sustainable,multifu nctional hydrogels for next-generation weara ble electronics.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309029,52404316)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515140011,and 2024A1515110010)+2 种基金Dongguan Social Development Technology Foundation(Nos.20231800907933,and 20221800905122)Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology of Hainan University(No.XTCX2022HYC14)Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(No.KYQD(ZR)-23069).
文摘The notorious shuttle effect of polyiodides in aqueous Zinc-iodine(Zn-I2)batteries impedes their practical application,which renders it imperative to address this issue.Here,we report natural gelatin as an advanced aqueous binder for iodine-loading cathode to enable stable and efficient Zn-I_(2) batteries.The positively charged region in gelatin presents electrostatic attraction to the iodine species,while the electron-rich regions could donate electrons to form physical or even covalent bonds with iodine species,thus inhibiting polyiodides shuttle effect and boosting redox reaction.A high reversible capacity of 138 mAh g^(-1) after 3000 cycles at 2C and an ultra-long cycling stability of 30000 cycles at 25C with 107 mAh g^(-1) capacity was achieved.Gelatin binder also can accommodate high iodine-loading(~10 mg)cathode,punch cells,and severe temperature conditions(-10℃ and 60℃).In-situ UV-vis absorption spectroscopy,in-situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculation revealed the critical role of gelatin binder in suppressing polyiodide shuttling and accelerating reaction kinetics.This work uncovers the potential of natural low-cost binder material in advanced Zn-I_(2) batteries and drives future study of designing functional binders.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309029)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110089)+2 种基金Dongguan Social Development Technology Foundation(No.20231800907933)Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology of Hainan University(No.XTCX2022HYC14)Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University(No.KYQD(ZR)-23069)。
文摘Active sulfur dissolution and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)are the main obstacles hindering the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),which is primarily induced by the direct interaction between sulfur-loading cathode and liquid electrolyte.The introduction of functional interlayer within the separator and cathode is an effective strategy to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface reaction and improve the utilization rate of active sulfur.Herein,conductive composite nanofabrics(CCN)with multifunctional groups are employed as the interlayer of sulfur-loading cathode,in which the PMIA/PAN supporting fibers offer robust mechanical strength and high thermostable performance,and gelatin/polypyrrole functional fibers ensure high electrical conductivity and strong chemical interaction for LiPSs.As demonstrated by the experimental data and material characterizations,the presence of CCN interlayer not only blocks the shuttle behavior of LiPSs,but also strengthens the interface stability of both Li anode and sulfur-loading cathode.Interestingly,the assembled LSBs with CCN interlayer can maintain stable capacity of 686 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.5 A/g.This work will provide new ideas for the elaborate design of functional in terlayers/se para tors for LSBs and lithium metal batteries.
文摘Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,13,500,17,500,and 21,500 rpm)on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin films enriched with cinnamon essential oil(CEO).Homogenization reduced droplet sizes and narrowed droplet size distributions in the film-forming emulsion(FFE).At a homogenization rate of 9500 rpm,the films exhibited excellent mechan-ical extensibility,reduced surface irregularities,and enhanced smoothness.The highest(p<0.05)tensile strength and elongation at break were observed at this rate,showing increases of 57%and 14%,respectively,compared to the control film made from non-homogenized FFE.However,further increases in homogenization rates signifi-cantly increased(p<0.05)water vapor permeability and caused CEO droplets aggregation,leading to increased surface irregularities and the formation of pores in the film microstructure.These structural changes were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).These findings indicate that the film properties were significantly influenced by the homogenization rate,highlighting its role in tailoring the mechanical and barrier properties of fish gelatin/CEO films for food packaging applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52163001)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program Project(Nos.Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2021]005,Qiankehe Platform Talents-GCC[2022]010-1,Qiankehe Platform TalentsGCC[2023]035,Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2023]003 and Qiankehe Platform Talents-KXJZ[2024]022)+3 种基金Guizhou Minzu University Research Platform(No.GZMUGCZX[2021]01)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project(No.Qiankehe Zhong Yindi[2023]035)the Doctor Startup Fund of Guizhou Minzu University(No.GZMUZK[2024]QD77)Guizhou Province Special Fund for innovative capacity building of scientific research institutions(Nos.Qiankehe Fuqi[2023]001 and Qiankehe Fuqi[2024]002-1)
文摘With the widespread popularity of electronic equipment and rapid development of wireless communication technology,electromagnetic shielding materials possessing thermal insulation properties can effectively block electromagnetic radiation for ensuring normal operation of electronic equipment and human health,while providing heat insulation to improve energy efficiency and protect equipment from high temperatures.In this study,we employ covalent organic skeleton(COF)to optimize Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene layers and successfully prepare MXene@COF heterostructures.This structure maintained the unique two-dimensional architecture of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene while preventing aggregation and self-stacking of MXene nanosheets through the outer COF layer.The modification increases material porosity and significantly enhances electrical conductivity.We incorporated the heterostructure into acrylamidegelatin hydrogels and controlled shielding efficiency by varying COF content.Results demonstrate that the MXene@COF-based hydrogel(15 mm p-pheny lenedi amine)exhibits high toughness,strong electromagnetic shielding capability,infrared stealth performance,and thermal insulation properties.In the X-band,mechanical tests show only 3 mm in thickness and 0.90 wt%MXene@COF content,electromagnetic shielding efficiency(EMI SE)of the material is as high as 37.52 dB,and the average total electromagnetic shielding(SE_(T))is 32.01 dB,the compressive stress is 20.85 MPa,the water content is 79.04%,and the electrical conductivity is 1.22 S m^(-1).These finding soffer new possibilities for developing COF-based electromagnetic shielding materials.
文摘The granular structure, crystal structure and gelatinization temp. of thermoplastic starch were studied with a polarized light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and the crystallinity and crystalline patterns were determined through X ray diffraction. The results indicate that the original granular structure and spherical crystalline structure of starch were disrupted by the action of pressure, heat and shear force with the help of additives. The starch can be melted during extrusion, and part of the spheric crystal was destroyed and changed into a continual amorphous with a few crystalline fractions dispersed in it. The configuration of starch molecules changed from double helices to single helix, which indicated the formation of the complex.
