New IPN hydrogels composed of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and natural macromolecule, kappa-carrageenan (KC) were prepared by gamma irradiation and their properties were studied, The results show that bot...New IPN hydrogels composed of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and natural macromolecule, kappa-carrageenan (KC) were prepared by gamma irradiation and their properties were studied, The results show that both the gel strength and the swelling capacity of the IPN hydrogels were enhanced significantly as compared with those of the pure hydrogels of PDADMAC.展开更多
With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacin...With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.展开更多
Polymer gel systems have been widely applied to control excessive water and improve oil recovery(IOR)in petroleum reservoirs.They are usually divided into two main types,in-situ cross-linked polymer gels,and pre-forme...Polymer gel systems have been widely applied to control excessive water and improve oil recovery(IOR)in petroleum reservoirs.They are usually divided into two main types,in-situ cross-linked polymer gels,and pre-formed polymer gels.In recent years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology has been gradually applied to the research of polymer gel systems due to its unique analysis advantages.This paper is intent to review these works systematically.For in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems,NMR can be used to characterize the chemical structure changes of the polymer,the cross-linker,and the auxiliary agent in the formulation of the polymer gel systems.Moreover,the gelation time and the gel strength of the in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems can also be measured by NMR.For pre-formed polymer gels,NMR can be employed to detect the chemical structure of the designed products.Last,the NMR method can evaluate the plugging,water control,and oil improvement performance of the polymer gels in porous media without using dopants.This review can help readers build a more systematic understanding of the application of NMR technology in polymer gel systems for IOR and help re searchers to more deeply study the performance of polymer gel systems.展开更多
Nanoparticles have been widely used in polymer gel systems in recent years to improve gelation performance under high-temperature reservoir conditions. However, different types of nanoparticles have different effects ...Nanoparticles have been widely used in polymer gel systems in recent years to improve gelation performance under high-temperature reservoir conditions. However, different types of nanoparticles have different effects on their gelation performance, which has been little researched. In this study, the high-temperature gelation performance, chemical structure, and microstructure of polymer gels prepared from two nanomaterials (i.e., nano-SiO_(2) and nano-TiO_(2)) were measured. The conventional HPAM/PEI polymer gel system was employed as the control sample. Results showed that the addition of nano-TiO_(2) could significantly enhance the gel strength of HPAM/PEI gel at 80 ℃. The gel strength of the enhanced HPAM/PEI gel with 0.1 wt% nano-TiO_(2) could reach grade I. The system also had excellent high-temperature stability at 150 ℃. The enhanced HPAM/PEI gel with 0.02 wt% nano-TiO_(2) reached the maximum gel strength at 150 ℃ with a storage modulus (G′) of 15 Pa, which can meet the need for efficient plugging. However, the nano-SiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI polymer gel system showed weaker gel strength than that with nano-TiO_(2) at both 80 and 150 ℃ with G′ lower than 5 Pa. Microstructures showed that the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel had denser three-dimensional (3D) mesh structures, which makes the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel more firmly bound to water. The FT-IR results also confirmed that the chemical structure of the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel was more thermally stable than nano-SiO_(2) since there was a large amount of –OH groups on the structure surface. Therefore, nano-TiO_(2) was more suitable as the reinforcing material for HPAM/PEI gels for high-temperature petroleum reservoir conformance improvement.展开更多
为探究等离子体活化水(Plasma active water,PAW)漂洗对罗非鱼鱼糜品质的影响,本研究按照等离子体发生器的放电时间(30、60、120 s)制备3种等离子体活化水(PAW30、PAW60、PAW120),以自来水漂洗为对照,分析了PAW漂洗对鱼糜挥发性物质和...为探究等离子体活化水(Plasma active water,PAW)漂洗对罗非鱼鱼糜品质的影响,本研究按照等离子体发生器的放电时间(30、60、120 s)制备3种等离子体活化水(PAW30、PAW60、PAW120),以自来水漂洗为对照,分析了PAW漂洗对鱼糜挥发性物质和鱼糜凝胶色泽、凝胶强度及感官评分的影响。结果表明:与自来水漂洗2次的鱼糜(R0)和漂洗3次的鱼糜(R1)相比,PAW漂洗能显著改善鱼糜凝胶的亮度值(L^(*))和白度值(W)、凝胶强度、感官特性,并能显著降低鱼糜中具有腥味特征的挥发性物质的含量;比较PAW30、PAW60和PAW120漂洗的鱼糜,鱼糜凝胶的L^(*)和W值以及凝胶强度在PAW30漂洗时达最大值,且感官评分最高;鱼糜中大部分醛、醇类腥味物质随等离子体活化水制备时间的增加,呈逐渐增加的趋势。因此,PAW30更适合于漂洗罗非鱼鱼糜,不仅能减少具有腥味特征的挥发性物质的含量,还能提高鱼糜的凝胶特性。研究结果为淡水鱼糜加工提供了一种新的漂洗工艺,同时也为提高冷冻鱼糜及鱼糜制品的品质提供了技术参考。展开更多
To tackle the challenges of reduced gel strength and compromised texture in low-sodium surimi gels,this study explored the synergistic effects of 15 mM lysine-assisted water bath treatment with microwave heating(L-WB4...To tackle the challenges of reduced gel strength and compromised texture in low-sodium surimi gels,this study explored the synergistic effects of 15 mM lysine-assisted water bath treatment with microwave heating(L-WB40+MW10)on the improvement of textural properties of these gels.The results showed that this combined treatment encouraged the development of a dense,compact gel network structure,which retained more immobilized water.This improvement in structure led to an increase in gel strength from 1019.21 g cm to 1506.70 g cm at a consistent salt concentration of 1.7%.Microwave heating was found to inhibit the degradation of myosin heavy chains and promote stronger intermolecular interactions.Additionally,the presence of lysine facilitated the formation of covalent crosslinks between protein residues,which further enhanced gel properties.Sensory analysis indicated that lysine-assisted water bath treatment and microwave heating significantly improved the textural quality of salt-reduced surimi gels(15%salt reduction)while maintaining the same saltiness intensity as when no salt reduction.This approach suggests a promising strategy for achieving salt reduction without sacrificing texture quality and saltiness perception in surimi gel products.展开更多
The effects of different additives on the mechanical properties, microstructures, and wear behavior of corundum abra- sives were investigated. When the number of additive phases increases, the sintering temperature an...The effects of different additives on the mechanical properties, microstructures, and wear behavior of corundum abra- sives were investigated. When the number of additive phases increases, the sintering temperature and wear rate decrease, while the densification and mechanical properties increase. The additive SiO2 is responsible for the development of equiaxed grains, whereas both CaO and MgO promote the development of platelike grains. By controlling the molar ratio of additives, it is pos- sible to obtain different microstructures. With SiO2-MgO-CaO （molar ratio, 2：1：1） as the additives and nano a-Al203 powders as the seed, microcrystalline corundum abrasives with hexagonal platelets were obtained using sol-gel process by sintering at 1300℃ for 0.5 h. The average diameter and thickness of hexagonal platelets are 1.38 μm and 360 nm respectively, the sin- gle-particle compressive strength is 26.44 N, and the wear rate is （3.06±=0.21）× 10^-7 mm^3/（N.m）.展开更多
Bone-like nanohydroxyapatite powders (b-nanoHA) were synthesized in simulated body fluid (SBF). The b-nanoHA, gelatin (Gel) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were used to prepare bone-like composites (b-nanoHA/ Gel/PVA) at ...Bone-like nanohydroxyapatite powders (b-nanoHA) were synthesized in simulated body fluid (SBF). The b-nanoHA, gelatin (Gel) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were used to prepare bone-like composites (b-nanoHA/ Gel/PVA) at room temperature. Characterizations of b-nanoHA powders and b-nanoHA/Gel/PVA composites were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Bending strength and compressive strength of the composite were tested. It was found that microstructure of the b-nanoHA powders was whisker shape and its crystalline degree was low similar to natural bone, bending strength and compressive strength of the b-nanoHA/Gel/PVA composite depended on the mixing ratio of HA, Gel and PVA, and also PVA could induce the network formation in the b-nanoHA/Gel/ PVA composite.展开更多
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used to wrap alumina siloxane sol through emulsion polymerization. A kind of suspensions with notable ER effect was produced by fully mixing the prepared microcapsule with silicon...Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used to wrap alumina siloxane sol through emulsion polymerization. A kind of suspensions with notable ER effect was produced by fully mixing the prepared microcapsule with silicon oil. Meanwhile a series of PMMA wrapped alumina-siloxane gel doped with rare earths was obtained and its ER effect was tested, like viscosity of different rare earth ion doped samples in different powder concentrations and at different temperatures, at the same time, leak current density and dielectric constant were measured. Results show that the ER effect of this suspension is remarkable, and its stability is much better. The condition of emulsion polymerization and the mechanism of effect are discussed.展开更多
Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High s...Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High strength and high modulus PVA fibers with tensile strength of 11.3 cN / dtex and initial modulus of 430 cN / dtex have been obtained.展开更多
Functional gradient materials provided us a new concept for artificial articular cartilage design with gradient component and gradient structure where one side of the material is high free water content thereby provid...Functional gradient materials provided us a new concept for artificial articular cartilage design with gradient component and gradient structure where one side of the material is high free water content thereby providing excellent lubrication function and the opposite side of the material is high hydroxyapatite content, thereby improving the bioactivity of the material and stimulating cell growth. The goal of the present study was to develop a multi-layered gradient HA/PVA gel biocomposites through layer-by-layer casting method combing with freeze/thaw cycle technology. The various influence factors on the compressive strength and modulus of the multi-layered gradient biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that the compressive mechanical characteristics of the biocomposites were similar to that of natural articular cartilage. Both the compressive strength and modulus of the multi-layered gradient HA/PVA gel biocomposites increased exponentially with the rise of compressive strain ratio. Both the compressive strength and average compressive modulus of the biocomposites improved with the rise of freeze/thaw cycle times and total concentration of HA particles in the biocomposites, but they showed decreasing tendency with the rise of HA concentration difference between adjacent layers.展开更多
文摘New IPN hydrogels composed of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and natural macromolecule, kappa-carrageenan (KC) were prepared by gamma irradiation and their properties were studied, The results show that both the gel strength and the swelling capacity of the IPN hydrogels were enhanced significantly as compared with those of the pure hydrogels of PDADMAC.
文摘With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.
基金supported by the Research Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay (No. XQZX20200010)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (No. 2019D01B57)+3 种基金the Tianshan Talent Project (No. 2019Q025)the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project (No. 2020YFQ0036)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province (No. 2021JQ-836)the CNPC Strategic Cooperation Science and Technology Project (ZLZX2020-01-04-04)。
文摘Polymer gel systems have been widely applied to control excessive water and improve oil recovery(IOR)in petroleum reservoirs.They are usually divided into two main types,in-situ cross-linked polymer gels,and pre-formed polymer gels.In recent years,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology has been gradually applied to the research of polymer gel systems due to its unique analysis advantages.This paper is intent to review these works systematically.For in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems,NMR can be used to characterize the chemical structure changes of the polymer,the cross-linker,and the auxiliary agent in the formulation of the polymer gel systems.Moreover,the gelation time and the gel strength of the in-situ cross-linked polymer gel systems can also be measured by NMR.For pre-formed polymer gels,NMR can be employed to detect the chemical structure of the designed products.Last,the NMR method can evaluate the plugging,water control,and oil improvement performance of the polymer gels in porous media without using dopants.This review can help readers build a more systematic understanding of the application of NMR technology in polymer gel systems for IOR and help re searchers to more deeply study the performance of polymer gel systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01A250)the CNPC Strategic Cooperation Science and Technology Project(ZLZX2020-01-04-04).
文摘Nanoparticles have been widely used in polymer gel systems in recent years to improve gelation performance under high-temperature reservoir conditions. However, different types of nanoparticles have different effects on their gelation performance, which has been little researched. In this study, the high-temperature gelation performance, chemical structure, and microstructure of polymer gels prepared from two nanomaterials (i.e., nano-SiO_(2) and nano-TiO_(2)) were measured. The conventional HPAM/PEI polymer gel system was employed as the control sample. Results showed that the addition of nano-TiO_(2) could significantly enhance the gel strength of HPAM/PEI gel at 80 ℃. The gel strength of the enhanced HPAM/PEI gel with 0.1 wt% nano-TiO_(2) could reach grade I. The system also had excellent high-temperature stability at 150 ℃. The enhanced HPAM/PEI gel with 0.02 wt% nano-TiO_(2) reached the maximum gel strength at 150 ℃ with a storage modulus (G′) of 15 Pa, which can meet the need for efficient plugging. However, the nano-SiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI polymer gel system showed weaker gel strength than that with nano-TiO_(2) at both 80 and 150 ℃ with G′ lower than 5 Pa. Microstructures showed that the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel had denser three-dimensional (3D) mesh structures, which makes the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel more firmly bound to water. The FT-IR results also confirmed that the chemical structure of the nano-TiO_(2) enhanced HPAM/PEI gel was more thermally stable than nano-SiO_(2) since there was a large amount of –OH groups on the structure surface. Therefore, nano-TiO_(2) was more suitable as the reinforcing material for HPAM/PEI gels for high-temperature petroleum reservoir conformance improvement.
文摘为探究等离子体活化水(Plasma active water,PAW)漂洗对罗非鱼鱼糜品质的影响,本研究按照等离子体发生器的放电时间(30、60、120 s)制备3种等离子体活化水(PAW30、PAW60、PAW120),以自来水漂洗为对照,分析了PAW漂洗对鱼糜挥发性物质和鱼糜凝胶色泽、凝胶强度及感官评分的影响。结果表明:与自来水漂洗2次的鱼糜(R0)和漂洗3次的鱼糜(R1)相比,PAW漂洗能显著改善鱼糜凝胶的亮度值(L^(*))和白度值(W)、凝胶强度、感官特性,并能显著降低鱼糜中具有腥味特征的挥发性物质的含量;比较PAW30、PAW60和PAW120漂洗的鱼糜,鱼糜凝胶的L^(*)和W值以及凝胶强度在PAW30漂洗时达最大值,且感官评分最高;鱼糜中大部分醛、醇类腥味物质随等离子体活化水制备时间的增加,呈逐渐增加的趋势。因此,PAW30更适合于漂洗罗非鱼鱼糜,不仅能减少具有腥味特征的挥发性物质的含量,还能提高鱼糜的凝胶特性。研究结果为淡水鱼糜加工提供了一种新的漂洗工艺,同时也为提高冷冻鱼糜及鱼糜制品的品质提供了技术参考。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant NO.32202092)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant NO.202301BE070001-009)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant NO.202301AT070144)Xingdian Talent Support Plan for young talents of Yunnan Province(KKRD202246038).
文摘To tackle the challenges of reduced gel strength and compromised texture in low-sodium surimi gels,this study explored the synergistic effects of 15 mM lysine-assisted water bath treatment with microwave heating(L-WB40+MW10)on the improvement of textural properties of these gels.The results showed that this combined treatment encouraged the development of a dense,compact gel network structure,which retained more immobilized water.This improvement in structure led to an increase in gel strength from 1019.21 g cm to 1506.70 g cm at a consistent salt concentration of 1.7%.Microwave heating was found to inhibit the degradation of myosin heavy chains and promote stronger intermolecular interactions.Additionally,the presence of lysine facilitated the formation of covalent crosslinks between protein residues,which further enhanced gel properties.Sensory analysis indicated that lysine-assisted water bath treatment and microwave heating significantly improved the textural quality of salt-reduced surimi gels(15%salt reduction)while maintaining the same saltiness intensity as when no salt reduction.This approach suggests a promising strategy for achieving salt reduction without sacrificing texture quality and saltiness perception in surimi gel products.
文摘The effects of different additives on the mechanical properties, microstructures, and wear behavior of corundum abra- sives were investigated. When the number of additive phases increases, the sintering temperature and wear rate decrease, while the densification and mechanical properties increase. The additive SiO2 is responsible for the development of equiaxed grains, whereas both CaO and MgO promote the development of platelike grains. By controlling the molar ratio of additives, it is pos- sible to obtain different microstructures. With SiO2-MgO-CaO （molar ratio, 2：1：1） as the additives and nano a-Al203 powders as the seed, microcrystalline corundum abrasives with hexagonal platelets were obtained using sol-gel process by sintering at 1300℃ for 0.5 h. The average diameter and thickness of hexagonal platelets are 1.38 μm and 360 nm respectively, the sin- gle-particle compressive strength is 26.44 N, and the wear rate is （3.06±=0.21）× 10^-7 mm^3/（N.m）.
文摘Bone-like nanohydroxyapatite powders (b-nanoHA) were synthesized in simulated body fluid (SBF). The b-nanoHA, gelatin (Gel) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were used to prepare bone-like composites (b-nanoHA/ Gel/PVA) at room temperature. Characterizations of b-nanoHA powders and b-nanoHA/Gel/PVA composites were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Bending strength and compressive strength of the composite were tested. It was found that microstructure of the b-nanoHA powders was whisker shape and its crystalline degree was low similar to natural bone, bending strength and compressive strength of the b-nanoHA/Gel/PVA composite depended on the mixing ratio of HA, Gel and PVA, and also PVA could induce the network formation in the b-nanoHA/Gel/ PVA composite.
文摘Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used to wrap alumina siloxane sol through emulsion polymerization. A kind of suspensions with notable ER effect was produced by fully mixing the prepared microcapsule with silicon oil. Meanwhile a series of PMMA wrapped alumina-siloxane gel doped with rare earths was obtained and its ER effect was tested, like viscosity of different rare earth ion doped samples in different powder concentrations and at different temperatures, at the same time, leak current density and dielectric constant were measured. Results show that the ER effect of this suspension is remarkable, and its stability is much better. The condition of emulsion polymerization and the mechanism of effect are discussed.
文摘Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High strength and high modulus PVA fibers with tensile strength of 11.3 cN / dtex and initial modulus of 430 cN / dtex have been obtained.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51175004)the Natural Science Research of Key Projects of Anhui Provincial Universities(No.KJ2010A099)
文摘Functional gradient materials provided us a new concept for artificial articular cartilage design with gradient component and gradient structure where one side of the material is high free water content thereby providing excellent lubrication function and the opposite side of the material is high hydroxyapatite content, thereby improving the bioactivity of the material and stimulating cell growth. The goal of the present study was to develop a multi-layered gradient HA/PVA gel biocomposites through layer-by-layer casting method combing with freeze/thaw cycle technology. The various influence factors on the compressive strength and modulus of the multi-layered gradient biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that the compressive mechanical characteristics of the biocomposites were similar to that of natural articular cartilage. Both the compressive strength and modulus of the multi-layered gradient HA/PVA gel biocomposites increased exponentially with the rise of compressive strain ratio. Both the compressive strength and average compressive modulus of the biocomposites improved with the rise of freeze/thaw cycle times and total concentration of HA particles in the biocomposites, but they showed decreasing tendency with the rise of HA concentration difference between adjacent layers.
