Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premis...Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premise of analyzing aesthetic basis of expressway,starting from behavioral basis of dynamic vision,visual behavior characteristics of drivers at high speed are studied.On this basis,landscape experience tempo and rhythm determined by gaze locus under different linear characteristics are explored,and the impact of spatial alignment on gaze behavior and landscape experience is further analyzed.展开更多
From infancy,we spend considerable time absorbing social information from the external world.Social information processing,which starts with looking at facial expressions,affects behavior and cognition.Previous resear...From infancy,we spend considerable time absorbing social information from the external world.Social information processing,which starts with looking at facial expressions,affects behavior and cognition.Previous research has demonstrated that looking behaviors at social cues such as faces may differ in individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)by using eye-tracking studies with real photographs and movies.However,mixed results have been reported.In this study,we examined whether autistic traits in adults affected gaze behavior when participants viewed paintings.The eye-tracking results indicate that gaze patterns change over time during a 20-s free-viewing task.Although the fixations were not influenced during the first 10 s of the viewing,autistic tendencies affected gaze behavior after the overview of the painting was completed:the higher the autism-spectrum quotient scores,the shorter the fixation duration and the fewer the fixations on the facial areas of the paintings during the latter 10 s of viewing time.This result indicates that the atypical gaze behavior was more likely to be modulated by a generalized attentional process for endogenous orienting with reduced interest in social cues.Gaze patterns of viewing paintings may be used to predict autistic tendencies among people undiagnosed but suspected of having ASD.展开更多
目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of i...目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of interest,AOI)的注视持续时间进行统计分析。结果在转弯阶段中,受试者对图形AOI的注视时间多于数字(Z=-2.737,P=0.006);受试者对下方AOI的注视时间多于上方(P=0.043)和右侧(P<0.001),对中间AOI的注视时间多于右侧(P=0.015);受试者对舱外跑道与舱内仪表区的第1个注视点的注视时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受试者在转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点与其他舱内仪表AOI的注视时间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.036,P=0.002)。在着陆阶段中,受试者对对中跑道的注视时间多于仪表(P=0.008)。结论飞行员在转弯阶段更关注于图形AOI、下方AOI、中间AOI和转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点,飞行员在着陆阶段更关注于对中跑道,提示能够以飞行阶段为切入点优化人机交互界面设计。展开更多
The biathlon,an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship,entails considerable physiological demands,as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and...The biathlon,an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship,entails considerable physiological demands,as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure.Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon,carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique.The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance,with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique,as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance.We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon,which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
基金Sponsored by Jiangxi Social Science Planning Project(15YS39)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51608237)Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(20161BAB216120)。
文摘Landscape is the visual impression formed in the mind of the aesthetic subject from what he sees at a certain viewpoint.A good viewpoint field is a place without visual barrier in the visual direction.Under the premise of analyzing aesthetic basis of expressway,starting from behavioral basis of dynamic vision,visual behavior characteristics of drivers at high speed are studied.On this basis,landscape experience tempo and rhythm determined by gaze locus under different linear characteristics are explored,and the impact of spatial alignment on gaze behavior and landscape experience is further analyzed.
基金Co-Creation Place Formation Support Program,Grant/Award Number:JPMJPF2105Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grant/Award Number:20KK0055。
文摘From infancy,we spend considerable time absorbing social information from the external world.Social information processing,which starts with looking at facial expressions,affects behavior and cognition.Previous research has demonstrated that looking behaviors at social cues such as faces may differ in individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)by using eye-tracking studies with real photographs and movies.However,mixed results have been reported.In this study,we examined whether autistic traits in adults affected gaze behavior when participants viewed paintings.The eye-tracking results indicate that gaze patterns change over time during a 20-s free-viewing task.Although the fixations were not influenced during the first 10 s of the viewing,autistic tendencies affected gaze behavior after the overview of the painting was completed:the higher the autism-spectrum quotient scores,the shorter the fixation duration and the fewer the fixations on the facial areas of the paintings during the latter 10 s of viewing time.This result indicates that the atypical gaze behavior was more likely to be modulated by a generalized attentional process for endogenous orienting with reduced interest in social cues.Gaze patterns of viewing paintings may be used to predict autistic tendencies among people undiagnosed but suspected of having ASD.
文摘目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of interest,AOI)的注视持续时间进行统计分析。结果在转弯阶段中,受试者对图形AOI的注视时间多于数字(Z=-2.737,P=0.006);受试者对下方AOI的注视时间多于上方(P=0.043)和右侧(P<0.001),对中间AOI的注视时间多于右侧(P=0.015);受试者对舱外跑道与舱内仪表区的第1个注视点的注视时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受试者在转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点与其他舱内仪表AOI的注视时间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.036,P=0.002)。在着陆阶段中,受试者对对中跑道的注视时间多于仪表(P=0.008)。结论飞行员在转弯阶段更关注于图形AOI、下方AOI、中间AOI和转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点,飞行员在着陆阶段更关注于对中跑道,提示能够以飞行阶段为切入点优化人机交互界面设计。
文摘The biathlon,an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship,entails considerable physiological demands,as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure.Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon,carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique.The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance,with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique,as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance.We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon,which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
