This paper applies a machine learning technique to find a general and efficient numerical integration scheme for boundary element methods.A model based on the neural network multi-classification algorithmis constructe...This paper applies a machine learning technique to find a general and efficient numerical integration scheme for boundary element methods.A model based on the neural network multi-classification algorithmis constructed to find the minimum number of Gaussian quadrature points satisfying the given accuracy.The constructed model is trained by using a large amount of data calculated in the traditional boundary element method and the optimal network architecture is selected.The two-dimensional potential problem of a circular structure is tested and analyzed based on the determined model,and the accuracy of the model is about 90%.Finally,by incorporating the predicted Gaussian quadrature points into the boundary element analysis,we find that the numerical solution and the analytical solution are in good agreement,which verifies the robustness of the proposed method.展开更多
Let {Xi}i=1^∞ be a standardized stationary Gaussian sequence with covariance function τ（n） =EX1Xn＋1, Sn =∑i=1^nXi,and X^-n=Sn/n.And let Nn be the point process formed by the exceedances of random level （x/√2 l...Let {Xi}i=1^∞ be a standardized stationary Gaussian sequence with covariance function τ（n） =EX1Xn＋1, Sn =∑i=1^nXi,and X^-n=Sn/n.And let Nn be the point process formed by the exceedances of random level （x/√2 log n＋√2 log n-log（4π log n）/2√log n） √1-τ（n） ＋ X^-n by X1,X2,…, Xn. Under some mild conditions, Nn and Sn are asymptotically independent, and Nn converges weakly to a Poisson process on （0,1].展开更多
Curvature estimation is a basic step in many point relative applications such as feature recognition, segmentation,shape analysis and simplification.This paper proposes a moving-least square(MLS) surface based method ...Curvature estimation is a basic step in many point relative applications such as feature recognition, segmentation,shape analysis and simplification.This paper proposes a moving-least square(MLS) surface based method to evaluate curvatures for unorganized point cloud data.First a variation of the projection based MLS surface is adopted as the underlying representation of the input points.A set of equations for geometric analysis are derived from the implicit definition of the MLS surface.These equations are then used to compute curvatures of the surface.Moreover,an empirical formula for determining the appropriate Gaussian factor is presented to improve the accuracy of curvature estimation.The proposed method is tested on several sets of synthetic and real data.The results demonstrate that the MLS surface based method can faithfully and efficiently estimate curvatures and reflect subtle curvature variations.The comparisons with other curvature computation algorithms also show that the presented method performs well when handling noisy data and dense points with complex shapes.展开更多
The wave period probability densities in non-Gaussian mixed sea states are calculated by utilizing a transformed Gaussian process method. The transformation relating the non-Gaussian process and the original Gaussian ...The wave period probability densities in non-Gaussian mixed sea states are calculated by utilizing a transformed Gaussian process method. The transformation relating the non-Gaussian process and the original Gaussian process is obtained based on the equivalence of the level up-crossing rates of the two processes. A saddle point approximation procedure is applied for calculating the level up-crossing rates in this study. The accuracy and efficiency of the transformed Gaussian process method are validated by comparing the results predicted by using the method with those predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation method.展开更多
There has been protracted historical evidence of a relative paucity in the distribution frequency of global earthquakes within the M = 3.5 to 4.0 range. We observed a similar phenomenon for all recently recorded earth...There has been protracted historical evidence of a relative paucity in the distribution frequency of global earthquakes within the M = 3.5 to 4.0 range. We observed a similar phenomenon for all recently recorded earthquakes from January 2009 through August 2013. Frequency distributions with increments of M = 0.1 verified the trough of the diminished incidence to be between M = 3.6 and 3.7 with an abrupt increase between M = 3.9 and 4.0. The calculated equivalent photon wavelength for the energies associated with M = 3.6 approaches Planck’s Length while the related time increment is the cutoff frequency for the Zero Point Fluctuation force coupled to gravity. The conspicuous congruence between Planck’s time and length and the lower than expected frequency based upon Gaussian assumptions of distribution for the discrete band of energy associated with this magnitude range of earthquakes suggests a conduit may exist between intrinsic features of Planck space-time and geophysical processes. The existence of such a connection would encourage alternative explanations for sun-seismic activities as due to solar instabilities. Instead, it may reflect influence upon both from alterations in the structure of space being traversed by the solar system as it moves through the galaxy.展开更多
Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is a well-established active remote sensing technology that can provide accurate digital elevation measurements for the terrain and non-ground objects such as vegetations and buildi...Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is a well-established active remote sensing technology that can provide accurate digital elevation measurements for the terrain and non-ground objects such as vegetations and buildings, etc. Non-ground objects need to be removed for creation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) which is a continuous surface representing only ground surface points. This study aimed at comparative analysis of three main filtering approaches for stripping off non-ground objects namely;Gaussian low pass filter, focal analysis mean filter and DTM slope-based filter of varying window sizes in creation of a reliable DTM from airborne LiDAR point clouds. A sample of LiDAR data provided by the ISPRS WG III/4 captured at Vaihingen in Germany over a pure residential area has been used in the analysis. Visual analysis has indicated that Gaussian low pass filter has given blurred DTMs of attenuated high-frequency objects and emphasized low-frequency objects while it has achieved improved removal of non-ground object at larger window sizes. Focal analysis mean filter has shown better removal of nonground objects compared to Gaussian low pass filter especially at large window sizes where details of non-ground objects almost have diminished in the DTMs from window sizes of 25 × 25 and greater. DTM slope-based filter has created bare earth models that have been full of gabs at the positions of the non-ground objects where the sizes and numbers of that gabs have increased with increasing the window sizes of filter. Those gaps have been closed through exploitation of the spline interpolation method in order to get continuous surface representing bare earth landscape. Comparative analysis has shown that the minimum elevations of the DTMs increase with increasing the filter widow sizes till 21 × 21 and 31 × 31 for the Gaussian low pass filter and the focal analysis mean filter respectively. On the other hand, the DTM slope-based filter has kept the minimum elevation of the original data, that could be due to noise in the LiDAR data unchanged. Alternatively, the three approaches have produced DTMs of decreasing maximum elevation values and consequently decreasing ranges of elevations due to increases in the filter window sizes. Moreover, the standard deviations of the created DTMs from the three filters have decreased with increasing the filter window sizes however, the decreases have been continuous and steady in the cases of the Gaussian low pass filter and the focal analysis mean filters while in the case of the DTM slope-based filter the standard deviations of the created DTMs have decreased with high rates till window size of 31 × 31 then they have kept unchanged due to more increases in the filter window sizes.展开更多
光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下P-U曲线会出现多个峰值,传统的粒子群优化PSO(particle swarm optimization)算法无法快速精确地搜寻到最大功率点。针对这种情况,本文提出1种基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群优化算法最大功率点跟踪MPPT(ma...光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下P-U曲线会出现多个峰值,传统的粒子群优化PSO(particle swarm optimization)算法无法快速精确地搜寻到最大功率点。针对这种情况,本文提出1种基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群优化算法最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)控制策略。首先引入混沌Sine映射构造1种非线性随机递增惯性权重,并在粒子群的“个体认知”部分引入高斯扰动,同时利用对数函数构造学习因子,形成基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群算法;通过对6种典型单峰、多峰函数的测试,证明该算法收敛速度更快,不易陷入局部最优;将算法应用于MPPT控制中,并进一步通过不同算法MPPT控制进行对比仿真研究。对比仿真结果表明:在均匀光照强度、局部静态遮荫和动态遮荫3种情况下,基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群优化算法MPPT控制策略均具有更快的收敛速度和更小的搜索振荡幅度,能准确地搜寻到最大功率点,具有更高的寻优精度,从而提高了MPPT系统的发电效率。展开更多
基金The authors thank the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant(No.11702238).
文摘This paper applies a machine learning technique to find a general and efficient numerical integration scheme for boundary element methods.A model based on the neural network multi-classification algorithmis constructed to find the minimum number of Gaussian quadrature points satisfying the given accuracy.The constructed model is trained by using a large amount of data calculated in the traditional boundary element method and the optimal network architecture is selected.The two-dimensional potential problem of a circular structure is tested and analyzed based on the determined model,and the accuracy of the model is about 90%.Finally,by incorporating the predicted Gaussian quadrature points into the boundary element analysis,we find that the numerical solution and the analytical solution are in good agreement,which verifies the robustness of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the Program for Excellent Talents in Chongqing Higher Education Institutions (120060-20600204)
文摘Let {Xi}i=1^∞ be a standardized stationary Gaussian sequence with covariance function τ（n） =EX1Xn＋1, Sn =∑i=1^nXi,and X^-n=Sn/n.And let Nn be the point process formed by the exceedances of random level （x/√2 log n＋√2 log n-log（4π log n）/2√log n） √1-τ（n） ＋ X^-n by X1,X2,…, Xn. Under some mild conditions, Nn and Sn are asymptotically independent, and Nn converges weakly to a Poisson process on （0,1].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60903111)
文摘Curvature estimation is a basic step in many point relative applications such as feature recognition, segmentation,shape analysis and simplification.This paper proposes a moving-least square(MLS) surface based method to evaluate curvatures for unorganized point cloud data.First a variation of the projection based MLS surface is adopted as the underlying representation of the input points.A set of equations for geometric analysis are derived from the implicit definition of the MLS surface.These equations are then used to compute curvatures of the surface.Moreover,an empirical formula for determining the appropriate Gaussian factor is presented to improve the accuracy of curvature estimation.The proposed method is tested on several sets of synthetic and real data.The results demonstrate that the MLS surface based method can faithfully and efficiently estimate curvatures and reflect subtle curvature variations.The comparisons with other curvature computation algorithms also show that the presented method performs well when handling noisy data and dense points with complex shapes.
文摘The wave period probability densities in non-Gaussian mixed sea states are calculated by utilizing a transformed Gaussian process method. The transformation relating the non-Gaussian process and the original Gaussian process is obtained based on the equivalence of the level up-crossing rates of the two processes. A saddle point approximation procedure is applied for calculating the level up-crossing rates in this study. The accuracy and efficiency of the transformed Gaussian process method are validated by comparing the results predicted by using the method with those predicted by the Monte Carlo simulation method.
文摘There has been protracted historical evidence of a relative paucity in the distribution frequency of global earthquakes within the M = 3.5 to 4.0 range. We observed a similar phenomenon for all recently recorded earthquakes from January 2009 through August 2013. Frequency distributions with increments of M = 0.1 verified the trough of the diminished incidence to be between M = 3.6 and 3.7 with an abrupt increase between M = 3.9 and 4.0. The calculated equivalent photon wavelength for the energies associated with M = 3.6 approaches Planck’s Length while the related time increment is the cutoff frequency for the Zero Point Fluctuation force coupled to gravity. The conspicuous congruence between Planck’s time and length and the lower than expected frequency based upon Gaussian assumptions of distribution for the discrete band of energy associated with this magnitude range of earthquakes suggests a conduit may exist between intrinsic features of Planck space-time and geophysical processes. The existence of such a connection would encourage alternative explanations for sun-seismic activities as due to solar instabilities. Instead, it may reflect influence upon both from alterations in the structure of space being traversed by the solar system as it moves through the galaxy.
文摘Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is a well-established active remote sensing technology that can provide accurate digital elevation measurements for the terrain and non-ground objects such as vegetations and buildings, etc. Non-ground objects need to be removed for creation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) which is a continuous surface representing only ground surface points. This study aimed at comparative analysis of three main filtering approaches for stripping off non-ground objects namely;Gaussian low pass filter, focal analysis mean filter and DTM slope-based filter of varying window sizes in creation of a reliable DTM from airborne LiDAR point clouds. A sample of LiDAR data provided by the ISPRS WG III/4 captured at Vaihingen in Germany over a pure residential area has been used in the analysis. Visual analysis has indicated that Gaussian low pass filter has given blurred DTMs of attenuated high-frequency objects and emphasized low-frequency objects while it has achieved improved removal of non-ground object at larger window sizes. Focal analysis mean filter has shown better removal of nonground objects compared to Gaussian low pass filter especially at large window sizes where details of non-ground objects almost have diminished in the DTMs from window sizes of 25 × 25 and greater. DTM slope-based filter has created bare earth models that have been full of gabs at the positions of the non-ground objects where the sizes and numbers of that gabs have increased with increasing the window sizes of filter. Those gaps have been closed through exploitation of the spline interpolation method in order to get continuous surface representing bare earth landscape. Comparative analysis has shown that the minimum elevations of the DTMs increase with increasing the filter widow sizes till 21 × 21 and 31 × 31 for the Gaussian low pass filter and the focal analysis mean filter respectively. On the other hand, the DTM slope-based filter has kept the minimum elevation of the original data, that could be due to noise in the LiDAR data unchanged. Alternatively, the three approaches have produced DTMs of decreasing maximum elevation values and consequently decreasing ranges of elevations due to increases in the filter window sizes. Moreover, the standard deviations of the created DTMs from the three filters have decreased with increasing the filter window sizes however, the decreases have been continuous and steady in the cases of the Gaussian low pass filter and the focal analysis mean filters while in the case of the DTM slope-based filter the standard deviations of the created DTMs have decreased with high rates till window size of 31 × 31 then they have kept unchanged due to more increases in the filter window sizes.
文摘光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下P-U曲线会出现多个峰值,传统的粒子群优化PSO(particle swarm optimization)算法无法快速精确地搜寻到最大功率点。针对这种情况,本文提出1种基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群优化算法最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)控制策略。首先引入混沌Sine映射构造1种非线性随机递增惯性权重,并在粒子群的“个体认知”部分引入高斯扰动,同时利用对数函数构造学习因子,形成基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群算法;通过对6种典型单峰、多峰函数的测试,证明该算法收敛速度更快,不易陷入局部最优;将算法应用于MPPT控制中,并进一步通过不同算法MPPT控制进行对比仿真研究。对比仿真结果表明:在均匀光照强度、局部静态遮荫和动态遮荫3种情况下,基于混沌映射和高斯扰动的改进粒子群优化算法MPPT控制策略均具有更快的收敛速度和更小的搜索振荡幅度,能准确地搜寻到最大功率点,具有更高的寻优精度,从而提高了MPPT系统的发电效率。
