It is well known that gas oils from oilsands bitumen are difficult to hydrotreat. In order to develop the most appropriate flow sheet and operating conditions, a thorough knowledge of the molecular structure and beha...It is well known that gas oils from oilsands bitumen are difficult to hydrotreat. In order to develop the most appropriate flow sheet and operating conditions, a thorough knowledge of the molecular structure and behaviour of bitumen and its gas oil products is needed. In this work, the gas oil samples are fractionated in an attempt to isolate and identify the problematic molecular species for hydrotreating. It is found that the major nitrogen sources in coker gas oils are associated with relatively small pentane insoluble species and an even smaller, highly polar, hexane insoluble species. Structural information obtained for these fractions indicates that they are formed during the cracking of resin molecules. Nitrogen speciation shows that the pyrroles are the primary nitrogen type, with pyridines also being an important species. Both nitrogen species are undesirable in the hydrotreating process. Pyrroles in particular are subject to polymerisation, producing gums and sediments that foul filters and other equipment while pyridines can directly deactivate the hydrotreating catalyst.展开更多
Several series of cracking tests in a comprehensive study were conducted on separate occasions involving all or parts of ten Canadian vacuum gas oils (VGOs) and two catalysts with bottoms-cracking or octane-barrel ca...Several series of cracking tests in a comprehensive study were conducted on separate occasions involving all or parts of ten Canadian vacuum gas oils (VGOs) and two catalysts with bottoms-cracking or octane-barrel capability. VGOs were cracked in fixed- and/or fluid-bed microactivity test (MAT) units, in an Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit, and in a modified ARCO riser reactor. Individual yields of gas, liquid, and coke from the MATs at 55, 65, 70, and 81 wt% conversion levels were compared with their respective pilot plant data. Good linear correlations could be established between MAT and riser yields except for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and light cycle oil (LCO). At a given conversion, correlations existed among the fixed- and fluid-bed MAT units and the ACE for each product yield. Liquid products from the fixed or fluid-bed MAT were analyzed for hydrocarbon types, sulfur, nitrogen and density, most of which showed good agreement with those obtained from the riser study. When cracking Canadian oil-sands-derived VGOs, the bottoms-cracking catalyst containing a large-pore active matrix was found to be more suitable than the octane-barrel catalyst with smaller pores to produce higher yields of valuable distillates, but with less superior qualities (in terms of sulfur and nitrogen contents). The advantages of hydrotreating some poor feeds to improve product yields and qualities were demonstrated and discussed.展开更多
Vacuum gas oil(VGO)is the most important feedstock for hydrocracking processes in refineries,but its molecular composition cannot be fully acquired by current analysis techniques owing to its complexity.In order to bu...Vacuum gas oil(VGO)is the most important feedstock for hydrocracking processes in refineries,but its molecular composition cannot be fully acquired by current analysis techniques owing to its complexity.In order to build an accurate and reliable molecular-level kinetic model for reactor design and process optimization,the molecular composition of VGO has to be reconstructed based on limited measurements.In this study,a modified stochastic reconstruction-entropy maximization(SR-REM)algorithm was applied to reconstruct VGOs,with generation of a general molecule library once and for all via the SR method at the first step and adjustment of the molecular abundance of various VGOs via the REM method at the second step.The universality of the molecule library and the effectiveness of the modified SR-REM method were validated by fifteen VGOs(three from the literature)from different geographic regions of the world and with different properties.The simulated properties(density,elemental composition,paraffin-naphthene-aromatics distribution,boiling point distribution,detailed composition of naphthenes and aromatics in terms of ring number as well as composition of S-heterocycles)are in good agreement with the measured counterparts,showing average absolute relative errors of below 10%for each property.展开更多
Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-graine...Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-grained sediment gravity-flows(FGSGF)have been recognized as an important transportation and depositional mechanism for accumulating thick successions of fine-grained sediments.Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of global research on FGSGF deposition,the characteristics,depositional mechanisms,and distribution patterns of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits(FGSGFD)are discussed,and future research prospects are clarified.In addition to the traditionally recognized low-density turbidity current and muddy debris flow,wave-enhanced gravity flow,low-density muddy hyperpycnal flow,and hypopycnal plumes can all form widely distributed FGSGFD.At the same time,the evolution of FGSGF during transportation can result in transitional and hybrid gravity-flow deposits.The combination of multiple triggering mechanisms promotes the widespread develop-ment of FGSGFD,without temporal and spatial limitations.Different types and concentrations of clay minerals,organic matters,and organo-clay complexes are the keys to controlling the flow transformation of FGSGF from low-concentration turbidity currents to high-concentration muddy debris flows.Further study is needed on the interaction mechanism of FGSGF caused by different initiations,the evolution of FGSGF with the effect of organic-inorganic synergy,and the controlling factors of the distribution pat-terns of FGSGFD.The study of FGSGFD can shed some new light on the formation of widely developed thin-bedded siltstones within shales.At the same time,these insights may broaden the exploration scope of shale oil and gas,which have important geological significances for unconventional shale oil and gas.展开更多
Key technologies that make productivity increase are revealed through analyzing the best practices and production data in major shale basins of North America.Trends of the key technologies and optimization designs for...Key technologies that make productivity increase are revealed through analyzing the best practices and production data in major shale basins of North America.Trends of the key technologies and optimization designs for shale oil and gas development are summarized and analyzed based on drilling and completion operations and well data.These technologies mainly include:(1)Optimizing well design and hydraulic fracturing design,including reducing cluster spacing,increasing proppant and fracturing fluid volumes,optimizing horizontal well lateral length and fracture stage length.The most effective method is to reduce cluster spacing to an optimized length.The second most effective method is to optimally increase proppant volumes.(2)Placing horizontal wells in the sweet spots and drilling the wells parallel or close to the minimum horizontal stress direction.(3)Using cube development with optimized well spacing to maximize resource recovery and reduce well interferences.Plus,in-situ stress impacts on hydraulic fracture propagation and hydrocarbon production are addressed.Determination of formation breakdown pressure is studied by considering the impacts of in-situ stresses,drilling and perforation directions.Whether or not the hydraulic fracturing can generate orthogonal fracture networks is also discussed.The key technologies and optimization design parameters proposed in this paper can be applied to guide new well placement,drilling and completion designs,and hydraulic fracture operations to increase productivity.展开更多
In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and ...In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and exceed oil and gas business profits by 2040.Meanwhile,British oil company bp is scaling back its low-carbon business under shareholder pressure,returning to traditional oil and gas operations,and plans to gradually dispose of USD 20 billion worth of low-carbon business assets such as onshore wind farms,aiming to increase oil and gas production to 2.3−2.5 million boe per day by 2030.Two European oil companies are heading in completely different strategic directions.In the future,whether Eni can achieve its expected goals of making renewable energy business a key core business,as well as what development strategies oil and gas companies should implement and adhere to,are questions worthy of deep consideration.展开更多
Represented by CNPC,Chinese national oil companies go overseas conducting international oil and gas collaboration.Q4:To address domestic energy supply shortages,fully utilize international oil and gas resources,and st...Represented by CNPC,Chinese national oil companies go overseas conducting international oil and gas collaboration.Q4:To address domestic energy supply shortages,fully utilize international oil and gas resources,and strengthen international oil and gas cooperation while further enhancing core competitiveness,China’s petroleum enterprises proposed the strategic concept of effectively leveraging both domestic and international resources and markets,literally the strategy of“two resources and two markets”as early as the 1990s and resolutely took the first step in the great endeavor of“going overseas”.Through international cooperation and operations,state-owned oil enterprises represented by CNPC have not only ensured national energy security and enhanced corporate competitiveness,but also made significant contributions to global energy cooperation and advancement of Belt and Road Initiative.Could you please discuss the situation of Chinese petroleum enterprises’international oil and gas cooperation and their achievements in the field of petroleum exploration and development?展开更多
In the global wave of energy transition and low-carbon development,China Petroleum Enterprise Association,together with the University of International Business and Economics,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Sout...In the global wave of energy transition and low-carbon development,China Petroleum Enterprise Association,together with the University of International Business and Economics,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Southwest Petroleum University,and other institutions,released four significant blue books on April 17:Annual Operating Report of China’s Natural Gas Industry Blue Book(2024-2025),China Oil&Gas Industry Development Analysis and Outlook Blue Book(2024-2025),China Low-Carbon Economy Development Report Blue Book(2024-2025),and Refined Oil and New Energy Development Report Blue Book(2024-2025).This series of blue books provides a comprehensive and high-level analysis of the development,issues,and trends in the oil and gas industry,offering a detailed depiction of the China Oil&Gas industry and its progress towards low-carbon development.展开更多
The Jurassic tight sandstone oil and gas exploration and development in the eastern Yangxia Sag is a new field.To elucidate the origin,accumulation process and potential of tight oil and gas,the authors have conducted...The Jurassic tight sandstone oil and gas exploration and development in the eastern Yangxia Sag is a new field.To elucidate the origin,accumulation process and potential of tight oil and gas,the authors have conducted comprehensive analyses employing methodologies encompassing source rocks,oil geochemistry,and fluid inclusions.The results show that the abundance of organic matter of Jurassic source rocks is high,and the type of organic matter is ofⅡ-Ⅲand in mature evolution stage.The main source rocks of oil and gas are Huangshanjie Formation and Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks.Ahe Formation developed two stages of hydrocarbon charging,and the period is later than the reservoir densification time.Yangxia Formation oil charged before the reservoir densified,and the late gas charged after the reservoir densified.Hydrocarbon generation intensity of Jurassic source rocks has reached the basic conditions for the formation of tight gas reservoirs.Controlled by the difference of source rocks distribution and accumulation process,tight sandstone oil and gas accumulation conditions are better in the depression direction than in the southeast margin area.This study is of practical importance for expanding the exploration field and selecting favorable areas in the eastern Yangxia sag.展开更多
1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conv...1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].展开更多
This paper analyses the impact of oil and gas pipelines on the environment and settlements from the perspective of environmental justice,using a case study of the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region of...This paper analyses the impact of oil and gas pipelines on the environment and settlements from the perspective of environmental justice,using a case study of the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.The paper mobilises theories of environmental justice to support an in-depth empirical analysis of the development and management of oil and gas pipelines in the region.The empirical evidence equally suggests that the lack of community involvement and appropriate recognition of some groups of stakeholders in the management of the oil and gas pipeline project is strongly related to the incidence of pipeline impacts on the communities[1].The paper advocates a new approach,based on the core principles of environmental justice that promotes inclusion of the necessary stakeholders,including the physical planners,and would incorporate local knowledge and experience into the environmental management of the region in a way to protect the environment and people from the impacts of the pipeline[2].展开更多
With the development of offshore oil and gas resources,hydrates pose a significant challenge to flow assurance.Hydrates can form,accumulate,and settle in pipelines,causing blockages,reducing transport capacity,and lea...With the development of offshore oil and gas resources,hydrates pose a significant challenge to flow assurance.Hydrates can form,accumulate,and settle in pipelines,causing blockages,reducing transport capacity,and leading to significant economic losses and fatalities.As oil and gas exploration moves deeper into the ocean,the issue of hydrate blockages has become more severe.It is essential to take adequate measures promptly to mitigate the hazards of hydrate blockages after they form.However,a prerequisite for effective mitigation is accurately detecting the location and amount of hydrate formation.This article summarizes the temperature–pressure,acoustic,electrical,instrumental–response,and flow characteristics of hydrate formation and blocking under various conditions.It also analyzes the principles,limitations,and applicability of various blockage detection methods,including acoustic,transient,and fiber-optic-based methods.Finally,it lists the results of field experiments and commercially used products.Given their advantages of accuracy and a wide detection range,acoustic pulse reflectometry and transient-based methods are considered effective for detecting hydrate blockages in future underwater pipelines.Using strict backpressure warnings combined with accurate detection via acoustic pulse reflectometry or transient-based methods,efficient and timely diagnosis of hydrate blockages can be achieved.The use of a hydrate model combined with fiber optics could prove to be an effective method for detecting blockages in newly laid pipelines in the future.展开更多
As industrialization and informatization in China deeply integrate and the Internet of Things rapidly develops,industrial control systems are facing increasingly severe information security challenges.The industrial c...As industrialization and informatization in China deeply integrate and the Internet of Things rapidly develops,industrial control systems are facing increasingly severe information security challenges.The industrial control system of the gas extraction plant is characterized by numerous points and centralized operations,with a strong reliance on the system and stringent real-time requirements.展开更多
Pressure-preserving controllers(PPCs)are crucial components of in situ pressure-preserving coring(IPP-Coring)devices for deep oil and gas extraction,and their ultimate pressure-bearing(UPB)capability determines the up...Pressure-preserving controllers(PPCs)are crucial components of in situ pressure-preserving coring(IPP-Coring)devices for deep oil and gas extraction,and their ultimate pressure-bearing(UPB)capability determines the upper limit of their ability to acquire oil and gas reserves.However,due to the UPB-capability and sealing challenges,the working pressure typically does not exceed 70 MPa.In this study,the optimal design of a PPC using a self-developed IPP-Coring test platform is presented,and its seal failure mechanism is revealed.Experimental results demonstrate that the designed saddle-shaped PPC achieves a minimal UPB-capability of 140 MPa,which is twice the highest value reported in literature.A numerical simulation method was developed to predict the UPB-capability of the PPC,and its reliability was validated in comparison with experimental results.The simulation results indicate that the sealing failure of the PPC is attributed to a progressive escalation in seal clearance between valve cover and seat,which causes an O-ring extrusion.Under ambient temperature and ultrahigh pressure,the critical threshold for seal clearance in PPC seal failure is approximately 0.2 mm.These results provide significant insights into enhancing deep resource acquisition capabilities.展开更多
China Oil&Gas,Journal No.:ISSN 1006-2696,CN 11-3543/TE.English journal administrated by the China National Petroleum Corporation and sponsored by the Petroleum Industry Press Co.,Ltd.This Journal strives to presen...China Oil&Gas,Journal No.:ISSN 1006-2696,CN 11-3543/TE.English journal administrated by the China National Petroleum Corporation and sponsored by the Petroleum Industry Press Co.,Ltd.This Journal strives to present the key tasks,comprehensive strength,business philosophy,technical standards,and developmental achievements of China’s petroleum industry in a deep and structured manner.It plays a positive role in enhancing the global brand influence,strengthening overseas image building,and showing the comprehensive strength of China’s oil companies.It has developed unique features and strengths in aspects such as column setup,report content,printing quality,and binding design.This Journal is the only comprehensive English foreign publicity journal for China’s petroleum industry and is currently issued bimonthly.展开更多
In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineer...In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineering area are rarely developed.To aid in exploring and developing deep and ultra-deep unconventional reservoirs,there is a call for a personalized LLM on oil-and gas-related rock mechanics,which may handle complex professional data and make intelligent predictions and decisions.To that end,herein,we overview general and industry-specific LLMs.Then,a systematic workflow is proposed for building this domain-specific LLM for oil and gas engineering,including data collection and processing,model construction and training,model validation,and implementation in the specific domain.Moreover,three application scenarios are investigated:knowledge extraction from textural resources,field operation with multidisciplinary integration,and intelligent decision assistance.Finally,several challenges in developing this domain-specific LLM are highlighted.Our key findings are that geological surveys,laboratory experiments,field tests,and numerical simulations form the four original sources of rock mechanics data.Those data must flow through collection,storage,processing,and governance before being fed into LLM training.This domain-specific LLM can be trained by fine-tuning a general open-source LLM with professional data and constraints such as rock mechanics datasets and principles.The LLM can then follow the commonly used training and validation processes before being implemented in the oil and gas field.However,there are three primary challenges in building this domain-specific LLM:data standardization,data security and access,and striking a compromise between physics and data when building the model structure.Some of these challenges are administrative rather than technical,and overcoming those requires close collaboration between the different interested parties and various professional practitioners.展开更多
Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of r...Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.展开更多
In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the uniqu...In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the unique deep-water complex oil and gas exploration and development technology system independently developed by China.Remarkable achievements have been made in offshore development,including the commissioning of Deep Sea No.1 PhaseⅡ,the first deep-water high-pressure gas field.Additionally,the establishment of the Daji gas field,the first onshore coal rock gas field with an oil and gas equivalent of one million tons,provides strong support for domestic natural gas production.In terms of infrastructure construction,the entire China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline has been completed,the Xinjiang section of the West Fourth Line is now operational,the Southern Xinjiang Gas Pipeline project has been fully launched,and five new or expanded LNG receiving terminals have been added,increasing the annual receiving capacity by 21.10 million tons.In the field of related equipment manufacturing,China successfully delivered the first vessel of its largest LNG transportation ship construction project,the Greenergy Ocean,and successfully launched its first large-scale floating natural gas liquefaction facility,the NGUYA FLNG.In terms of market supply and demand,natural gas consumption exceeded 400 billion m^(3) for the first time,with apparent consumption reaching 412.43 billion m^(3),an increase of 24.9 billion m^(3) year-on-year,reflecting a growth rate of 6.4%.The total supply reached 424.3 billion m^(3),an increase of 27.5 billion m^(3) year-on-year,with a growth rate of 7.5%.In terms of regulatory policy,China has once again issued a natural gas utilization policy aimed at further guiding the orderly and efficient development of the natural gas market.展开更多
A novel temperature-preserved core chamber designed for depths exceeding 5000 m has been developed to enhance the scientific understanding of deep oil and gas reservoirs.This temperature-preserved core chamber employs...A novel temperature-preserved core chamber designed for depths exceeding 5000 m has been developed to enhance the scientific understanding of deep oil and gas reservoirs.This temperature-preserved core chamber employs an innovative vacuum layer for temperature preservation and is compatible with a temperature-pressure preserved coring system.The design principles and key parameters of the temperature-preserved core chamber were determined through static analysis.Numerical simulations assessed the mechanical properties of 70,85,and 100 MPa core chambers under conditions of 120-150℃.The results demonstrate that the temperature-preserved core chambers withstand the applied stresses without plastic deformation,and the vacuum layer maintains its integrity under these conditions.A 70 MPa class core chamber prototype was manufactured,and system integration tests were performed on a self-developed in-situ coring platform.The system demonstrated stable operation at 70 MPa for 120 min,with pressure fluctuations within 5%.Additionally,the integrated system operated without interference,enabling the successful extraction of cores with a 50 mm diameter.These findings provide valuable theoretical guidance and design recommendations for advancing oil and gas in-situ temperature-pressure preserved coring technologies in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.展开更多
Accurately evaluating the quality and scale of deep oil and gas reservoirs is the key to effectively exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources.Changes in temperature and pressure can cause significant variat...Accurately evaluating the quality and scale of deep oil and gas reservoirs is the key to effectively exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources.Changes in temperature and pressure can cause significant variations in key reservoir quality para meters,such as porosity,permeability,and satu ration,leading to distortions in oil and gas reserve assessments.To addresses the technical bottleneck of the existing pressu re-preserved coring systems,which has a pressure-preserved ca pacity not exceed 70 MPa due to the limitations of small coring space,a complex coring environment,significant disturbance during the coring process,and the difficulty in controlling coring operations,a self-sealing control principle and method for pressure-preserved coring was proposed.The sealing structural parameters of the pressure-preserved controller(PPC) under high temperature(150℃) were optimized through experiments and numerical simulations,the sealing failure mechanism was thoroughly revealed,and the pressure-preserved capacity of the PPC under high temperature was enhanced from 100 to 140 MPa.In addition,to achieve the temperature preservation of the core in the deep oil and gas environment,a temperature preservation system combining active and passive temperature preservation was designed and integrated into the deep oil and gas in-situ temperature pressure preserved(ITPP) coring system.Finally,the coring function and temperature pressure preserved capacity of the ITPP coring system were verified through field and laboratory tests.The results show that the developed ITPP coring system can successfully achieve the temperature pressure preserved function,and can sample oil and gas-bearing core samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a maximum length of 1000 mm from wells up to 5000 m.This study addresses the urgent need for reliable and effective pressure-preservation in deep oil and gas exploration.展开更多
文摘It is well known that gas oils from oilsands bitumen are difficult to hydrotreat. In order to develop the most appropriate flow sheet and operating conditions, a thorough knowledge of the molecular structure and behaviour of bitumen and its gas oil products is needed. In this work, the gas oil samples are fractionated in an attempt to isolate and identify the problematic molecular species for hydrotreating. It is found that the major nitrogen sources in coker gas oils are associated with relatively small pentane insoluble species and an even smaller, highly polar, hexane insoluble species. Structural information obtained for these fractions indicates that they are formed during the cracking of resin molecules. Nitrogen speciation shows that the pyrroles are the primary nitrogen type, with pyridines also being an important species. Both nitrogen species are undesirable in the hydrotreating process. Pyrroles in particular are subject to polymerisation, producing gums and sediments that foul filters and other equipment while pyridines can directly deactivate the hydrotreating catalyst.
文摘Several series of cracking tests in a comprehensive study were conducted on separate occasions involving all or parts of ten Canadian vacuum gas oils (VGOs) and two catalysts with bottoms-cracking or octane-barrel capability. VGOs were cracked in fixed- and/or fluid-bed microactivity test (MAT) units, in an Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit, and in a modified ARCO riser reactor. Individual yields of gas, liquid, and coke from the MATs at 55, 65, 70, and 81 wt% conversion levels were compared with their respective pilot plant data. Good linear correlations could be established between MAT and riser yields except for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and light cycle oil (LCO). At a given conversion, correlations existed among the fixed- and fluid-bed MAT units and the ACE for each product yield. Liquid products from the fixed or fluid-bed MAT were analyzed for hydrocarbon types, sulfur, nitrogen and density, most of which showed good agreement with those obtained from the riser study. When cracking Canadian oil-sands-derived VGOs, the bottoms-cracking catalyst containing a large-pore active matrix was found to be more suitable than the octane-barrel catalyst with smaller pores to produce higher yields of valuable distillates, but with less superior qualities (in terms of sulfur and nitrogen contents). The advantages of hydrotreating some poor feeds to improve product yields and qualities were demonstrated and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978093)。
文摘Vacuum gas oil(VGO)is the most important feedstock for hydrocracking processes in refineries,but its molecular composition cannot be fully acquired by current analysis techniques owing to its complexity.In order to build an accurate and reliable molecular-level kinetic model for reactor design and process optimization,the molecular composition of VGO has to be reconstructed based on limited measurements.In this study,a modified stochastic reconstruction-entropy maximization(SR-REM)algorithm was applied to reconstruct VGOs,with generation of a general molecule library once and for all via the SR method at the first step and adjustment of the molecular abundance of various VGOs via the REM method at the second step.The universality of the molecule library and the effectiveness of the modified SR-REM method were validated by fifteen VGOs(three from the literature)from different geographic regions of the world and with different properties.The simulated properties(density,elemental composition,paraffin-naphthene-aromatics distribution,boiling point distribution,detailed composition of naphthenes and aromatics in terms of ring number as well as composition of S-heterocycles)are in good agreement with the measured counterparts,showing average absolute relative errors of below 10%for each property.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072126,42372139)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant Nos.2022NSFSC0990).
文摘Fine-grained sediments are widely distributed and constitute the most abundant component in sedi-mentary systems,thus the research on their genesis and distribution is of great significance.In recent years,fine-grained sediment gravity-flows(FGSGF)have been recognized as an important transportation and depositional mechanism for accumulating thick successions of fine-grained sediments.Through a comprehensive review and synthesis of global research on FGSGF deposition,the characteristics,depositional mechanisms,and distribution patterns of fine-grained sediment gravity-flow deposits(FGSGFD)are discussed,and future research prospects are clarified.In addition to the traditionally recognized low-density turbidity current and muddy debris flow,wave-enhanced gravity flow,low-density muddy hyperpycnal flow,and hypopycnal plumes can all form widely distributed FGSGFD.At the same time,the evolution of FGSGF during transportation can result in transitional and hybrid gravity-flow deposits.The combination of multiple triggering mechanisms promotes the widespread develop-ment of FGSGFD,without temporal and spatial limitations.Different types and concentrations of clay minerals,organic matters,and organo-clay complexes are the keys to controlling the flow transformation of FGSGF from low-concentration turbidity currents to high-concentration muddy debris flows.Further study is needed on the interaction mechanism of FGSGF caused by different initiations,the evolution of FGSGF with the effect of organic-inorganic synergy,and the controlling factors of the distribution pat-terns of FGSGFD.The study of FGSGFD can shed some new light on the formation of widely developed thin-bedded siltstones within shales.At the same time,these insights may broaden the exploration scope of shale oil and gas,which have important geological significances for unconventional shale oil and gas.
文摘Key technologies that make productivity increase are revealed through analyzing the best practices and production data in major shale basins of North America.Trends of the key technologies and optimization designs for shale oil and gas development are summarized and analyzed based on drilling and completion operations and well data.These technologies mainly include:(1)Optimizing well design and hydraulic fracturing design,including reducing cluster spacing,increasing proppant and fracturing fluid volumes,optimizing horizontal well lateral length and fracture stage length.The most effective method is to reduce cluster spacing to an optimized length.The second most effective method is to optimally increase proppant volumes.(2)Placing horizontal wells in the sweet spots and drilling the wells parallel or close to the minimum horizontal stress direction.(3)Using cube development with optimized well spacing to maximize resource recovery and reduce well interferences.Plus,in-situ stress impacts on hydraulic fracture propagation and hydrocarbon production are addressed.Determination of formation breakdown pressure is studied by considering the impacts of in-situ stresses,drilling and perforation directions.Whether or not the hydraulic fracturing can generate orthogonal fracture networks is also discussed.The key technologies and optimization design parameters proposed in this paper can be applied to guide new well placement,drilling and completion designs,and hydraulic fracture operations to increase productivity.
文摘In July 2025,Claudio Descalzi,CEO of Italian oil company Eni,stated in an interview with the Financial Times that Eni’s low-carbon business operating profits would equal those of its oil and gas business by 2035 and exceed oil and gas business profits by 2040.Meanwhile,British oil company bp is scaling back its low-carbon business under shareholder pressure,returning to traditional oil and gas operations,and plans to gradually dispose of USD 20 billion worth of low-carbon business assets such as onshore wind farms,aiming to increase oil and gas production to 2.3−2.5 million boe per day by 2030.Two European oil companies are heading in completely different strategic directions.In the future,whether Eni can achieve its expected goals of making renewable energy business a key core business,as well as what development strategies oil and gas companies should implement and adhere to,are questions worthy of deep consideration.
文摘Represented by CNPC,Chinese national oil companies go overseas conducting international oil and gas collaboration.Q4:To address domestic energy supply shortages,fully utilize international oil and gas resources,and strengthen international oil and gas cooperation while further enhancing core competitiveness,China’s petroleum enterprises proposed the strategic concept of effectively leveraging both domestic and international resources and markets,literally the strategy of“two resources and two markets”as early as the 1990s and resolutely took the first step in the great endeavor of“going overseas”.Through international cooperation and operations,state-owned oil enterprises represented by CNPC have not only ensured national energy security and enhanced corporate competitiveness,but also made significant contributions to global energy cooperation and advancement of Belt and Road Initiative.Could you please discuss the situation of Chinese petroleum enterprises’international oil and gas cooperation and their achievements in the field of petroleum exploration and development?
文摘In the global wave of energy transition and low-carbon development,China Petroleum Enterprise Association,together with the University of International Business and Economics,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Southwest Petroleum University,and other institutions,released four significant blue books on April 17:Annual Operating Report of China’s Natural Gas Industry Blue Book(2024-2025),China Oil&Gas Industry Development Analysis and Outlook Blue Book(2024-2025),China Low-Carbon Economy Development Report Blue Book(2024-2025),and Refined Oil and New Energy Development Report Blue Book(2024-2025).This series of blue books provides a comprehensive and high-level analysis of the development,issues,and trends in the oil and gas industry,offering a detailed depiction of the China Oil&Gas industry and its progress towards low-carbon development.
基金supported by Joint Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation(No.U22B6002)CNPC Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(No.2023ZZ14YJ02).
文摘The Jurassic tight sandstone oil and gas exploration and development in the eastern Yangxia Sag is a new field.To elucidate the origin,accumulation process and potential of tight oil and gas,the authors have conducted comprehensive analyses employing methodologies encompassing source rocks,oil geochemistry,and fluid inclusions.The results show that the abundance of organic matter of Jurassic source rocks is high,and the type of organic matter is ofⅡ-Ⅲand in mature evolution stage.The main source rocks of oil and gas are Huangshanjie Formation and Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks.Ahe Formation developed two stages of hydrocarbon charging,and the period is later than the reservoir densification time.Yangxia Formation oil charged before the reservoir densified,and the late gas charged after the reservoir densified.Hydrocarbon generation intensity of Jurassic source rocks has reached the basic conditions for the formation of tight gas reservoirs.Controlled by the difference of source rocks distribution and accumulation process,tight sandstone oil and gas accumulation conditions are better in the depression direction than in the southeast margin area.This study is of practical importance for expanding the exploration field and selecting favorable areas in the eastern Yangxia sag.
基金the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462024YJRC021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24B2031 and 52104013).
文摘1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].
文摘This paper analyses the impact of oil and gas pipelines on the environment and settlements from the perspective of environmental justice,using a case study of the oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.The paper mobilises theories of environmental justice to support an in-depth empirical analysis of the development and management of oil and gas pipelines in the region.The empirical evidence equally suggests that the lack of community involvement and appropriate recognition of some groups of stakeholders in the management of the oil and gas pipeline project is strongly related to the incidence of pipeline impacts on the communities[1].The paper advocates a new approach,based on the core principles of environmental justice that promotes inclusion of the necessary stakeholders,including the physical planners,and would incorporate local knowledge and experience into the environmental management of the region in a way to protect the environment and people from the impacts of the pipeline[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52476058,U21B2065,52006024,and 52306188)the National Key Research and Development(2022YFC2806200).
文摘With the development of offshore oil and gas resources,hydrates pose a significant challenge to flow assurance.Hydrates can form,accumulate,and settle in pipelines,causing blockages,reducing transport capacity,and leading to significant economic losses and fatalities.As oil and gas exploration moves deeper into the ocean,the issue of hydrate blockages has become more severe.It is essential to take adequate measures promptly to mitigate the hazards of hydrate blockages after they form.However,a prerequisite for effective mitigation is accurately detecting the location and amount of hydrate formation.This article summarizes the temperature–pressure,acoustic,electrical,instrumental–response,and flow characteristics of hydrate formation and blocking under various conditions.It also analyzes the principles,limitations,and applicability of various blockage detection methods,including acoustic,transient,and fiber-optic-based methods.Finally,it lists the results of field experiments and commercially used products.Given their advantages of accuracy and a wide detection range,acoustic pulse reflectometry and transient-based methods are considered effective for detecting hydrate blockages in future underwater pipelines.Using strict backpressure warnings combined with accurate detection via acoustic pulse reflectometry or transient-based methods,efficient and timely diagnosis of hydrate blockages can be achieved.The use of a hydrate model combined with fiber optics could prove to be an effective method for detecting blockages in newly laid pipelines in the future.
文摘As industrialization and informatization in China deeply integrate and the Internet of Things rapidly develops,industrial control systems are facing increasingly severe information security challenges.The industrial control system of the gas extraction plant is characterized by numerous points and centralized operations,with a strong reliance on the system and stringent real-time requirements.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52304146 and 52225403)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M742460).
文摘Pressure-preserving controllers(PPCs)are crucial components of in situ pressure-preserving coring(IPP-Coring)devices for deep oil and gas extraction,and their ultimate pressure-bearing(UPB)capability determines the upper limit of their ability to acquire oil and gas reserves.However,due to the UPB-capability and sealing challenges,the working pressure typically does not exceed 70 MPa.In this study,the optimal design of a PPC using a self-developed IPP-Coring test platform is presented,and its seal failure mechanism is revealed.Experimental results demonstrate that the designed saddle-shaped PPC achieves a minimal UPB-capability of 140 MPa,which is twice the highest value reported in literature.A numerical simulation method was developed to predict the UPB-capability of the PPC,and its reliability was validated in comparison with experimental results.The simulation results indicate that the sealing failure of the PPC is attributed to a progressive escalation in seal clearance between valve cover and seat,which causes an O-ring extrusion.Under ambient temperature and ultrahigh pressure,the critical threshold for seal clearance in PPC seal failure is approximately 0.2 mm.These results provide significant insights into enhancing deep resource acquisition capabilities.
文摘China Oil&Gas,Journal No.:ISSN 1006-2696,CN 11-3543/TE.English journal administrated by the China National Petroleum Corporation and sponsored by the Petroleum Industry Press Co.,Ltd.This Journal strives to present the key tasks,comprehensive strength,business philosophy,technical standards,and developmental achievements of China’s petroleum industry in a deep and structured manner.It plays a positive role in enhancing the global brand influence,strengthening overseas image building,and showing the comprehensive strength of China’s oil companies.It has developed unique features and strengths in aspects such as column setup,report content,printing quality,and binding design.This Journal is the only comprehensive English foreign publicity journal for China’s petroleum industry and is currently issued bimonthly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.42277122)the Science Foun-dation of the China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462024BJRC013).
文摘In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineering area are rarely developed.To aid in exploring and developing deep and ultra-deep unconventional reservoirs,there is a call for a personalized LLM on oil-and gas-related rock mechanics,which may handle complex professional data and make intelligent predictions and decisions.To that end,herein,we overview general and industry-specific LLMs.Then,a systematic workflow is proposed for building this domain-specific LLM for oil and gas engineering,including data collection and processing,model construction and training,model validation,and implementation in the specific domain.Moreover,three application scenarios are investigated:knowledge extraction from textural resources,field operation with multidisciplinary integration,and intelligent decision assistance.Finally,several challenges in developing this domain-specific LLM are highlighted.Our key findings are that geological surveys,laboratory experiments,field tests,and numerical simulations form the four original sources of rock mechanics data.Those data must flow through collection,storage,processing,and governance before being fed into LLM training.This domain-specific LLM can be trained by fine-tuning a general open-source LLM with professional data and constraints such as rock mechanics datasets and principles.The LLM can then follow the commonly used training and validation processes before being implemented in the oil and gas field.However,there are three primary challenges in building this domain-specific LLM:data standardization,data security and access,and striking a compromise between physics and data when building the model structure.Some of these challenges are administrative rather than technical,and overcoming those requires close collaboration between the different interested parties and various professional practitioners.
基金Soft Science Research Project of the Special Equipment Safety and Energy Conservation Technology Committee of the State Administration for Market Regulation“Comparative Study of Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Modes at Home and Abroad(AJW-2024-06)”Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of National Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Group Co.,Ltd.“Benchmarking of Pressure Pipeline(Long-Distance Pipeline)Regulatory System and Research on In-Service Pipeline Safety Management Technology(J-24-D08)”。
文摘Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.
文摘In 2024,China’s natural gas industry continues to show a positive trend.In the field of exploration and development,a large ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas field has been discovered,further enhancing the unique deep-water complex oil and gas exploration and development technology system independently developed by China.Remarkable achievements have been made in offshore development,including the commissioning of Deep Sea No.1 PhaseⅡ,the first deep-water high-pressure gas field.Additionally,the establishment of the Daji gas field,the first onshore coal rock gas field with an oil and gas equivalent of one million tons,provides strong support for domestic natural gas production.In terms of infrastructure construction,the entire China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline has been completed,the Xinjiang section of the West Fourth Line is now operational,the Southern Xinjiang Gas Pipeline project has been fully launched,and five new or expanded LNG receiving terminals have been added,increasing the annual receiving capacity by 21.10 million tons.In the field of related equipment manufacturing,China successfully delivered the first vessel of its largest LNG transportation ship construction project,the Greenergy Ocean,and successfully launched its first large-scale floating natural gas liquefaction facility,the NGUYA FLNG.In terms of market supply and demand,natural gas consumption exceeded 400 billion m^(3) for the first time,with apparent consumption reaching 412.43 billion m^(3),an increase of 24.9 billion m^(3) year-on-year,reflecting a growth rate of 6.4%.The total supply reached 424.3 billion m^(3),an increase of 27.5 billion m^(3) year-on-year,with a growth rate of 7.5%.In terms of regulatory policy,China has once again issued a natural gas utilization policy aimed at further guiding the orderly and efficient development of the natural gas market.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3706604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304033)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51827901)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0790)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742446)。
文摘A novel temperature-preserved core chamber designed for depths exceeding 5000 m has been developed to enhance the scientific understanding of deep oil and gas reservoirs.This temperature-preserved core chamber employs an innovative vacuum layer for temperature preservation and is compatible with a temperature-pressure preserved coring system.The design principles and key parameters of the temperature-preserved core chamber were determined through static analysis.Numerical simulations assessed the mechanical properties of 70,85,and 100 MPa core chambers under conditions of 120-150℃.The results demonstrate that the temperature-preserved core chambers withstand the applied stresses without plastic deformation,and the vacuum layer maintains its integrity under these conditions.A 70 MPa class core chamber prototype was manufactured,and system integration tests were performed on a self-developed in-situ coring platform.The system demonstrated stable operation at 70 MPa for 120 min,with pressure fluctuations within 5%.Additionally,the integrated system operated without interference,enabling the successful extraction of cores with a 50 mm diameter.These findings provide valuable theoretical guidance and design recommendations for advancing oil and gas in-situ temperature-pressure preserved coring technologies in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 524B2040, 2023M742460, and 52304146)。
文摘Accurately evaluating the quality and scale of deep oil and gas reservoirs is the key to effectively exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources.Changes in temperature and pressure can cause significant variations in key reservoir quality para meters,such as porosity,permeability,and satu ration,leading to distortions in oil and gas reserve assessments.To addresses the technical bottleneck of the existing pressu re-preserved coring systems,which has a pressure-preserved ca pacity not exceed 70 MPa due to the limitations of small coring space,a complex coring environment,significant disturbance during the coring process,and the difficulty in controlling coring operations,a self-sealing control principle and method for pressure-preserved coring was proposed.The sealing structural parameters of the pressure-preserved controller(PPC) under high temperature(150℃) were optimized through experiments and numerical simulations,the sealing failure mechanism was thoroughly revealed,and the pressure-preserved capacity of the PPC under high temperature was enhanced from 100 to 140 MPa.In addition,to achieve the temperature preservation of the core in the deep oil and gas environment,a temperature preservation system combining active and passive temperature preservation was designed and integrated into the deep oil and gas in-situ temperature pressure preserved(ITPP) coring system.Finally,the coring function and temperature pressure preserved capacity of the ITPP coring system were verified through field and laboratory tests.The results show that the developed ITPP coring system can successfully achieve the temperature pressure preserved function,and can sample oil and gas-bearing core samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a maximum length of 1000 mm from wells up to 5000 m.This study addresses the urgent need for reliable and effective pressure-preservation in deep oil and gas exploration.
