At present, the use of furnaces in the northern rural areas of China is very common, due to the insufficient burning of fuel (coal, wood, etc.), carbon monoxide (CO) and other toxic gases are produced, CO colorless an...At present, the use of furnaces in the northern rural areas of China is very common, due to the insufficient burning of fuel (coal, wood, etc.), carbon monoxide (CO) and other toxic gases are produced, CO colorless and odorless, difficult to find in time, and bring huge safety risks to the life and health of residents. Based on the above problems, we developed a gas monitoring and removal device which could reduce the effect of extinction coefficient. The device was composed of ash settling area, gas disturbance area, spectral absorption identification area and gas removal area. After the air entered the device, the large-size particles were first settled to purify the solid particles in the gas, the gas was disturbed through the multi-layer separator to achieve the turbulent production of the gas, and then the gas was identified through the optical element of the direct absorption spectrum technology. When the toxic gas component reached the threshold, the spray device would automatically start for chemical removal to achieve the role of purifying the gas. At the same time, the device’s alarm could be alerted by buzzer and flash to remind users to evacuate in time. By improving the optical device, the effect of extinction coefficient on measurement was reduced and the monitoring accuracy was improved.展开更多
Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great imp...Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.展开更多
Firstly, physical and chemical properties of dust removed from BOF gas are analyzed, and then the cold banding technology of dust removed from BOF gas and its application are introduced. Tests have proved that using c...Firstly, physical and chemical properties of dust removed from BOF gas are analyzed, and then the cold banding technology of dust removed from BOF gas and its application are introduced. Tests have proved that using cooled agglomerated pellets made of the dust removed from BOF gas and small amounts of modified starch as a coolant and slagging agent in steel production can bring about considerable economic, social and environmental benefits.展开更多
With the gradual improvement of the national emission standards, the domestic steel plants that still use the wet gas dust removal process or the semi-dry gas dust removal process need to be upgraded to meet the ultra...With the gradual improvement of the national emission standards, the domestic steel plants that still use the wet gas dust removal process or the semi-dry gas dust removal process need to be upgraded to meet the ultra-low emission requirements. Dry process gas dust removal process or the addition of wet electrostatic precipitator process can meet the emission requirements. If the original dust removal system is transformed into a dry process, it covers a large area, has a high investment and a long construction period. Adding a wet electrostatic precipitator in the original system can benefit the old original equipment and the transformation investment is the lowest.展开更多
At present, on the whole, the thermal power plant in the specific transformation process need to use which aspect is according to their actual situation to make comprehensive selection, but also from the enterprise si...At present, on the whole, the thermal power plant in the specific transformation process need to use which aspect is according to their actual situation to make comprehensive selection, but also from the enterprise site, economic strength, equipment system, combined with the above factors design effect, high efficiency, to ensure the flue gas emissions meet the requirements of environmental protection also need to ensure significant economic effect, practical, achieve good effect of authors efficiency.展开更多
Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhous...Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation.Owing to high moisture contents,digestates are challenging to valorise.However,these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications.The study focuses on food waste digestate supply,biochar production,biochar agricultural field application,and transportation activities.Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of<￡100 tCO_(2)eq^(−1)(125 USD tCO_(2)eq^(−1)).The 88%stable carbon fraction of the biochar,which is resistant to degradation in soil,is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases.This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15-1.20 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar,predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon(1.7 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar).Using 50%of the UK’s projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO_(2)eq p.a.,requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a.capacity.Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate,highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production.Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil.展开更多
文摘At present, the use of furnaces in the northern rural areas of China is very common, due to the insufficient burning of fuel (coal, wood, etc.), carbon monoxide (CO) and other toxic gases are produced, CO colorless and odorless, difficult to find in time, and bring huge safety risks to the life and health of residents. Based on the above problems, we developed a gas monitoring and removal device which could reduce the effect of extinction coefficient. The device was composed of ash settling area, gas disturbance area, spectral absorption identification area and gas removal area. After the air entered the device, the large-size particles were first settled to purify the solid particles in the gas, the gas was disturbed through the multi-layer separator to achieve the turbulent production of the gas, and then the gas was identified through the optical element of the direct absorption spectrum technology. When the toxic gas component reached the threshold, the spray device would automatically start for chemical removal to achieve the role of purifying the gas. At the same time, the device’s alarm could be alerted by buzzer and flash to remind users to evacuate in time. By improving the optical device, the effect of extinction coefficient on measurement was reduced and the monitoring accuracy was improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21006067, 21276170)the Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 2010021008-1, 201101008-4)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2013AA065404E)
文摘Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.
文摘Firstly, physical and chemical properties of dust removed from BOF gas are analyzed, and then the cold banding technology of dust removed from BOF gas and its application are introduced. Tests have proved that using cooled agglomerated pellets made of the dust removed from BOF gas and small amounts of modified starch as a coolant and slagging agent in steel production can bring about considerable economic, social and environmental benefits.
文摘With the gradual improvement of the national emission standards, the domestic steel plants that still use the wet gas dust removal process or the semi-dry gas dust removal process need to be upgraded to meet the ultra-low emission requirements. Dry process gas dust removal process or the addition of wet electrostatic precipitator process can meet the emission requirements. If the original dust removal system is transformed into a dry process, it covers a large area, has a high investment and a long construction period. Adding a wet electrostatic precipitator in the original system can benefit the old original equipment and the transformation investment is the lowest.
文摘At present, on the whole, the thermal power plant in the specific transformation process need to use which aspect is according to their actual situation to make comprehensive selection, but also from the enterprise site, economic strength, equipment system, combined with the above factors design effect, high efficiency, to ensure the flue gas emissions meet the requirements of environmental protection also need to ensure significant economic effect, practical, achieve good effect of authors efficiency.
基金supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council[grant number BB/V011596/1]Department of Business,Energy and Industrial Strategy through the Direct Air Capture and Greenhouse Gas Removal Programme Phase 1 for the grant"Bio-waste to Biochar(B to B)via Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Post-Carbonisation”(https://www.gov.uk/gover nment/publi catio ns/direct-air-captu re-and-other-green house-gas-remov al-techn ologi es-compe tition/proje cts-selec ted-for-phase-1-of-the-direct-air-captu re-and-green house-gas-remov al-progr amme).
文摘Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments,contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation.Owing to high moisture contents,digestates are challenging to valorise.However,these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications.The study focuses on food waste digestate supply,biochar production,biochar agricultural field application,and transportation activities.Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of<￡100 tCO_(2)eq^(−1)(125 USD tCO_(2)eq^(−1)).The 88%stable carbon fraction of the biochar,which is resistant to degradation in soil,is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases.This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15-1.20 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar,predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon(1.7 tCO_(2)eq per tonne of biochar).Using 50%of the UK’s projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO_(2)eq p.a.,requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a.capacity.Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate,highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production.Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil.
