A garbage incineration power plant is proposed to be built somewhere. Due to local environmental capacity and local policy,the demand on the flue gas emission indicators of the project is high,but the conventional pur...A garbage incineration power plant is proposed to be built somewhere. Due to local environmental capacity and local policy,the demand on the flue gas emission indicators of the project is high,but the conventional purification process of flue gas produced during waste incineration（ SNCR denitrification ＋dry/semi-dry deacidification ＋ adsorption of dioxins and heavy metals by activated carbon ＋ bag dusting） has been unable to meet this requirement,and the newly added wet deacidification and SCR denitrification processes can meet this requirement. The flue gas purification process was optimized,and two feasible schemes were compared to choose the better one.展开更多
Natural gas is increasingly recognized as a clean energy source due to its high quality,low pollution levels,and abundant availability.However,certain gas fields contain complex components that require purification fo...Natural gas is increasingly recognized as a clean energy source due to its high quality,low pollution levels,and abundant availability.However,certain gas fields contain complex components that require purification for efficient transportation and utilization.Addressing these issues involves efficient gas eliquid separation technology.Existing gaseliquid separation units face challenges such as efficiency,liquid entrainment,energy consumption,and the need for consumable replacement.This study focuses on a novel cyclone-coalescence separator that combines centrifugal and coalescence principles.Implemented in a high-acid natural gas purification plant in China,the cyclone-coalescence separator demonstrated efficiency primarily influenced by gas velocity and diameter.Optimal performance was observed with a 75 mm diameter reactor at velocities of 8-12 m·s^(-1),achieving a peak efficiency of 96%.The hydrophilic glass fiber with a monofilament structure can coalesce droplets effectively.In practical industrial use,under operational conditions,the hydrocyclone's liquid discharge rate is 89.6 kg·h^(-1)with an inlet concentration of 382.7 g·m^(3).Over a 400-h cycle,the cyclone-coalescence separator demonstrated superior separation performance with an average liquid discharge volume of 9.09 mg·kg^(-1),compared to 4.93 mg·kg^(-1)for the precision filter.This successful industrial implementation presents a promising approach to natural gas purification.展开更多
Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems...Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems adopt two tower process,full lean liquid circulation regeneration process,one tower absorption(absorption pressure 5.4mpag),one tower regeneration(regeneration temperature 95℃-110℃),purified natural gas carbon dioxide content≤2.5vol%,single set The treatment capacity is 2300 KM3/d.This paper introduces the problems existing in the decarbonization solution of the decarbonization unit in the natural gas purification plant in recent three years,analyzes the causes of pollutants affecting the quality of the decarbonization solution,and probes into the control measures for the pollution of the decarbonization solution,so as to provide reference.展开更多
Oxygen diffusion and oxygen selective adsorption properties of rare earths material YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) (YBCO) were investigated by thermogravimetric, oxygen static adsorption and selectivity adsorption experiments. The ...Oxygen diffusion and oxygen selective adsorption properties of rare earths material YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) (YBCO) were investigated by thermogravimetric, oxygen static adsorption and selectivity adsorption experiments. The results show that YBCO is a very good deoxidizing material. The oxygen desorption of YBCO begins remarkably at about 400 ℃, mass loss can arrive at 1.2% of its original quantity at 800 ℃. Oxygen can be completely absorbed back into the sample again when temperature descends to 400 ℃. The oxygen adsorption selectivity, reproducibility and oxygen adsorption under very low oxygen partial pressure make the material desirable for air separation and gas purification. High purity nitrogen gas was produced with the YBCO molecular sieves in the air separation and gas purification experiments. 0.017 m^3 of high purity nitrogen (>99.9999%) can be obtained with 1 kg YBCO molecular sieve in one cycle. As a deoxidant, an obvious advantage of YBCO is that no hydrogen is needed in its applications.展开更多
In China,there are a lot of high-sulfur gas reservoirs with total proved reserves of over 1 trillion m3,most of which were discovered in the Sichuan Basin.Most high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China,distributed in marine...In China,there are a lot of high-sulfur gas reservoirs with total proved reserves of over 1 trillion m3,most of which were discovered in the Sichuan Basin.Most high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China,distributed in marine carbonate zones,are characterized by great buried depths,complex geologic conditions,high temperatures,high pressures,high H_(2)S and CO_(2) content,presenting various challenges in gas field development engineering and production safety.Since the development of Sinian high-sulfur gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin started in the 1960s,Wolonghe,Zhongba and other medium to small-scale gas reservoirs with medium to low sulfur content have been developed.Ever since 2009,successful production of Longgang and Puguang in the Sichuan Basin,together with some other high-sulfur gas reservoirs highlighted the breakthroughs in development technologies for high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China.This paper reviews the progress made in gas reservoir engineering,drilling and completion engineering,gas production,pipeline transportation,corrosion control,natural gas purification,HSE and other aspects with consideration of specific requirements related to safe,clean and high-efficient development of highsulfur gas reservoirs since the“12th Five-Year Plan”period.Finally,considering the challenges in the development of high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China,we summarized the trend in future technological development with the following goals of reducing risks,minimizing environmental damages,and enhancing the efficiency of high-sulfur gas reservoir development.展开更多
Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separ...Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separation of typical air pollutants,such as heavy metal particles,mercury,sulfur oxides and fluoride,during non-ferrous smelting.A series of purification technologies,including optimization of the furnace throat and hightemperature discharge,were developed to collaboratively control and recover fine particles from the flue gas of heavy metal smelting processes,including copper,lead and zinc.Significant improvements have been realized in wet scrubbing technology for removing mercury,fluoride and SO_(2)from flue gas.Gas-liquid sulfidation technology by applying H_(2)S was invented to recycle the acid scrubbing wastewater more efficiently and in an eco-friendly manner.Based on digital technology,a source reduction method was designed for sulfur and fluoride control during the whole aluminum electrolysis process.New desulfurization technologies were developed for catalytic reduction of the sulfur content in petroleum coke at low temperature and catalytic reduction of SO_(2)to elemental sulfur.This work has established the technology for coupling multi-pollutant control and resource recovery from the flue gas from non-ferrous metallurgy,which provides the scientific theoretical basis and application technology for the treatment of air pollutants in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.展开更多
The experimental investigation demonstrates that a satisfactory result can be expected for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification of natural gas as raw material for thermal chlorination process. Using hh-4 molec...The experimental investigation demonstrates that a satisfactory result can be expected for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification of natural gas as raw material for thermal chlorination process. Using hh-4 molecular sieve as adsorbent for removing C+2 components, the suitable adsorption pressure is 0.4-0.45 MPa, desorption vacuum is 0.08-0.09 MPa and circulation time is 20-21 min.展开更多
Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-...Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)is globally abundant in resources,and Mg‐based compounds—such as magnesium based hydrides,hydroxides,oxides,and magnesium metal‐organic frameworks(Mg MOFs)—have shown significant application prospects...Magnesium(Mg)is globally abundant in resources,and Mg‐based compounds—such as magnesium based hydrides,hydroxides,oxides,and magnesium metal‐organic frameworks(Mg MOFs)—have shown significant application prospects in gas separation.This is largely due to the electronic characteristics of Mg or Mg^(2+)ions,which facilitate the capture of hydrogen(H_(2))and acidic gases such as carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))from other gases.Consequently,exploring the use of Mgbased materials in gas separation and purification applications could not only advance the scientific understanding of solid‐gas interaction mechanisms but also provide cost‐effective solutions for gas separation technology at an industrial level.This review summarizes the recent practices and explorations of Mg‐based solid‐state materials in various gas separation and purification methods,including physical adsorption‐based separation,chemical absorption‐based separation,and membrane‐based separation.For each separation method,the relevant Mg‐based materials are discussed in detail,and key findings from existing research are presented and analyzed.Additionally,inspired by the straightforward design of air‐stable hydrogen storage materials,this review specifically addresses anti‐passivation strategies for Mg‐based hydrides,which are crucial for their applications in hydrogen gas separation and purification.Finally,this review highlights key issues and fields for future research and development in Mg‐based gas separation materials.展开更多
H_(2)S in natural gas and other industrial gas is seriously harmful to human health,environmental protection and the downstream industries.Efficient purification of H_(2)S containing gas is the basic process in the ch...H_(2)S in natural gas and other industrial gas is seriously harmful to human health,environmental protection and the downstream industries.Efficient purification of H_(2)S containing gas is the basic process in the chemical industry.Benefiting from multiple advantages,deep eutectic solvents(DES)can be used as tailor-made green solvents,and have been booming in the fields of harmful gas removal and fuel oil desulfurization.Furthermore,significant scientific research of DES in desulfurization and purification of natural gas has accelerated the process of its practical application.This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the removal mechanism,impact factors and challenges of DES as emerging green solvent in H_(2)S absorption and conversion.Strategies on H_(2)S removal by DES generally fall into two categories:physical absorption and chemical conversion.Although the chemical conversion of H_(2)S by DES has been less studied compared with the physical absorption,it presents great application potential.At present,the research on H_(2)S removal by DES is still in the initial stage.Therefore,it is necessary to further study the mechanism of H_(2)S removal and construct the relationship between structural properties and desulfurization performance of DES,thereby to solve the issues of sulfur blockage and low quality of sulfur paste which is suffered by conventional liquid redox desulfurization solvent system.Additionally,the methods for efficient solvent regeneration and recycling remain to be explored out to promote the practical application of iron-based DES in the field of gas desulfurization.展开更多
A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification.The change in adsorption capacit...A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification.The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied.The model was in good agreement with experimental data.The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon.The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force,respectively.The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given.The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2.The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.展开更多
Highway maintenance mileage reached 5.25 million kilometers in China by 2021.Ultra-thin overlay is one of the most commonly used maintenance technologies,which can significantly enhance the economic and environmental ...Highway maintenance mileage reached 5.25 million kilometers in China by 2021.Ultra-thin overlay is one of the most commonly used maintenance technologies,which can significantly enhance the economic and environmental benefits of pavements.To promote the low-carbon development of ultrathin overlays,this paper mainly studied the mechanism and influencing factors of several ultra-thin overlay functions.Firstly,the skid resistance,noise reduction,rutting resistance,and crack resistance of ultrathin overlays were evaluated.The results indicated that the high-quality aggregates improved the skid and rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by 5%-20%.The optimized gradations and modified binders reduced noise of ultra-thin overlay by 0.4-6.0 dB.The high viscosity modified binders improved the rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by about 10%-130%.Basalt fiber improved the cracking resistance of ultra-thin overlay by more than 20%.Due to the thinner thickness and better road performance,the performance-based engineering cost of ultra-thin overlay was reduced by about 30%-40%compared with conventional overlays.Secondly,several environmentally friendly functions of ultra-thin overlay were investigated,including snow melting and deicing,exhaust gas purification and pavement cooling.The lower thickness of ultra-thin overlay was conducive to the diffusion of chloride-based materials to the pavement surface.Therefore,the snow melting effect of self-ice-melting was better.In addition,the ultra-thin overlay mixture containing photocatalytic materials could decompose 20%-50%of the exhaust gas.The colored ultra-thin overlay was able to reduce the temperature of the pavement by up to 8.1℃.The temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the ultra-thin overlay containing thermal resistance materials could reach up to 12.8℃.In addition,numerous typical global engineering applications of functional ultra-thin overlay were summarized.This review can help better understand the functionality of ultra-thin overlays and promote the realization of future multi-functional and low-carbon road maintenance.展开更多
SSZ-13 membranes with high separation performances were prepared using ball-milled nanosized seeds by once hydrothermal synthesis.Separation performances of SSZ-13 membranes in CO2/CH4 and N2/CH4 mixtures were enhance...SSZ-13 membranes with high separation performances were prepared using ball-milled nanosized seeds by once hydrothermal synthesis.Separation performances of SSZ-13 membranes in CO2/CH4 and N2/CH4 mixtures were enhanced after synthesis modification.Single-gas permeances of CO2,N2 and CH4 and ideal selectivities were recorded through SSZ-13 membranes.The effects of temperature,pressure,feed flow rate and humidity on separation performance of the membranes were discussed.Three membranes prepared after synthesis modifications had an average CO2 permeance of 1.16×10-6 mol·(m2·s·Pa)-1(equal to 3554 GPU)with an average CO2/CH4 selectivity of 213 in a 50 vol%/50 vol%CO2/CH4 mixture.It suggests that membrane synthesis has a good reproducible.The membrane also displayed a N2 permeance of 1.07×10-7 mol·(m2·s·Pa)-1(equal to 320 GPU)with a N2/CH4 selectivity of 13 for a 50 vol%/50 vol%N2/CH4 mixture.SSZ-13 membrane displayed stable and good separation performance in the wet CO2/CH4 mixture for a long test period over 100 h at 348 K.The current SSZ-13 membranes show great potentials for the simultaneous removals of CO2 and N2 in natural gas purification as a facile process suitable for industrial application.展开更多
Noble and active gases are released from geological samples during gas extraction for noble gas isotope analyses. The active gases should be removed before inletting to mass spectrometers for the analyses. The normal ...Noble and active gases are released from geological samples during gas extraction for noble gas isotope analyses. The active gases should be removed before inletting to mass spectrometers for the analyses. The normal noble gas preparation systems can clean up most geological samples. However, authigenic minerals from sedimentary rocks in oil/gas fields contain organic matter, which cannot be cleaned up by the normal preparation systems and thus influence the noble gas analyses. We introduce a novel gas purification system （PRC patent No. ZL201320117751.2）, which includes several reversible purification pumps with different absorbing and degassing temperatures. It can well clean up water steam, carbon dioxide and organic gas- es. Mica minerals are often used for 40Ar/39Ar dating. A muscovite sample （2082MS） which could not be cleaned up by the normal preparation system with two SAES NP10 getters, becomes the test sample for a comparative experiment in this study. The experiment is assigned into 4 sections with the organic gas removal system （OGRS） ＂Closed/Opened＂ in turn. When the OGRS is closed only with two NP10 getters for purification, the 40At intensities increase in curves with inlet time because of impurities, the 40Ar/39Ar dating results yield age errors about ＋2%-±1% （20-）. When the OGRS is opened for purification, in contrast, the 40Ar intensities decrease linearly with inlet time. This indicates that the gases have been cleaned up effectively, and the 40Ar/39Ar results yield ages with errors in ±0.4%. The OGRS is very helpful to obtain high-quality analysis data.展开更多
Research and development of efficient, economical and resource-based flue gas desulfurization technology has always been a hot spot in the field of air pollution control. Molecular sieve materials have been paid atten...Research and development of efficient, economical and resource-based flue gas desulfurization technology has always been a hot spot in the field of air pollution control. Molecular sieve materials have been paid attention to by SO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent researchers due to their huge specific surface area. In this paper, 13X zeolite was modified with Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O to obtain 13x-Xwt %CuO (calculated by the amount of CuO loaded). The adsorption time and capacity of SO<sub>2</sub> penetration sorbent and the isothermal curve of N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption were studied. The results are as follows: 13X-3wt%CuO has the best adsorption effect, the penetration adsorption time is 110 min, the penetration adsorption capacity is 43.41 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>, the saturation adsorption capacity is 49.27 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>;The amount of CuO loading has a great influence on the adsorption effect of modified 13X molecular sieve on SO<sub>2</sub>. SEM and BET characterization showed that CuO modification did not change the external morphology of 13X molecular sieve, changed the pore size, but did not block the original channel of the molecular sieve, before and after modification belong to the type I adsorption isothermal curve. The pore size distribution and type of molecular sieve, as well as the content and type of alkali metal cations jointly control the adsorption process of SO<sub>2</sub> by 13X-xwt %CuO. XPS characterization showed that Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>2</sub> decomposed into CuO and Cu<sub>2</sub>O during roasting at 450°C, CuO/Cu<sub>2</sub>O ≈ 1.5. The R<sup>2</sup> values of the quasi-second-order kinetic models obtained from the 13X-Xwt %CuO particle diffusion kinetic models were all above 0.99, indicating that the quasi-second-order kinetic equations were more relevant. Particle diffusion dynamics model in fitting results show that the adsorption process can be divided into two stages, the first phase of surface adsorption and diffusion rate in the granules common control process, more accurate dynamics model of the secondary in the second phase particle diffusion rate control stage, mainly for the micropore adsorption or chemical adsorption, quasi level 2 dynamic model conformity of variation;C is a constant not equal to 0, indicating that the adsorption of SO<sub>2</sub> is not completely through the form of intra-particle diffusion, and a small amount of chemisorption exists. And it is the compound effect of multiple adsorption mechanisms.展开更多
Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers have shown great potentials in gas adsorption/separation,photocatalysis,electrochemistry,sensing and so on.Herein,1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polym...Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers have shown great potentials in gas adsorption/separation,photocatalysis,electrochemistry,sensing and so on.Herein,1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers(TT-POPs)have been synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition(Cu-AAC)polymerization reactions of 1,3,5-tris(4-azidophenyl)-triazine with 1,4-diacetylene benzene and 1,3,5-triacetylenebenzene,respectively.The characterizations of N2 adsorption at 77 K show TTPOPs possess permanent porosity with BET surface areas of 666 m^(2)·g^(-1)(TT-POP-1)and 406 m^(2)·g^(-1)(TT-POP-2).The adsorption capacities of TT-POPs for CO_(2),CH4,C2H2 and C2H4,as well as the selective separation abilities of CO_(2)/N2,CO_(2)/CH_(4),C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4) were evaluated.The gas selective separation ratio of TT-POPs was calculated by the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST)method,wherein the selective separation ratios of C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4) of TT-POP-2 was 48.4 and 13.6(298 K,0.1 MPa),which is comparable to other adsorbents(5.6–120.6 for C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4),10–26 for C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4)).This work shows that the 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymer has a good application prospect in natural gas purification.展开更多
Natural gas is an important resource that ensures the energy supply and reduces CO_(2)emissions simultaneously.However,many natural gases from well head contain a certain amount of acid gas,which must be removed to me...Natural gas is an important resource that ensures the energy supply and reduces CO_(2)emissions simultaneously.However,many natural gases from well head contain a certain amount of acid gas,which must be removed to meet the pipeline requirement.Among the existing natural gas sweetening process,membrane technology is considered as a cost-effective,less energy intensive method that can remove both CO_(2)and H_(2)S simultaneously.The membranes with high permeability,high selectivity,and good durability are developing very fast.In this review,we summarized the latest state-of-the-art membranes investigated for H_(2)S/CH_(4)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)separation applications,including conventional polymer membranes,polyimides,polymer of intrinsic microporosity,rubber polymers,carbon molecular sieve membranes,hollow fiber membranes,and membrane processes for H_(2)S and CO_(2)removal from natural gas.展开更多
Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and s...Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and size, nanoporous graphene has been demonstrated as a very high-efficiency separation membrane, due to the ultrafast molecular permeation rate for its one-atom thickness. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for the applications of gas separation and water purification, with a major emphasis on the molecular permeation mechanisms and the advanced fabrication methods of this state-of-the-art membrane. We highlight the advanced theoretical and experimental works and discuss the gas/water molecular transport mechanisms through the graphene nanopores accompanied with theoretical models. In addition, we summarize some representative membrane fabrication methods, covering the graphene transfer to porous substrates and the pore generation. We anticipate that this review can provide a platform for understanding the current challenges to make the conceptual membrane a reality and attracting more and more attentions from scientists and engineers.展开更多
A novel metal-organic framework[Co(BTTA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]_(n)(FJI-H_(2)4)has been prepared from H_(2)BTTA ligand and CoCl_(2),and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis...A novel metal-organic framework[Co(BTTA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]_(n)(FJI-H_(2)4)has been prepared from H_(2)BTTA ligand and CoCl_(2),and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It has relatively narrow pores and high density of open metal ions and free Lewis base sites.Gas adsorption tests demonstrate that FJI-H_(2)4 has moderate CO_(2)(34.0 cm^(3)·g^(–1))and C_(2)H_(2)(53.0 cm^(3)·g^(–1))adsorption capacity,but displays high selectivity of CO_(2)/N_(2)(87)and C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4)(66)under ambient conditions(298 K,1 atm),which may be attributed to its relatively narrow pores and polar environment.This work will provide a potential strategy for preparing practical porous metal-organic frameworks for gas adsorption and purification.展开更多
文摘A garbage incineration power plant is proposed to be built somewhere. Due to local environmental capacity and local policy,the demand on the flue gas emission indicators of the project is high,but the conventional purification process of flue gas produced during waste incineration（ SNCR denitrification ＋dry/semi-dry deacidification ＋ adsorption of dioxins and heavy metals by activated carbon ＋ bag dusting） has been unable to meet this requirement,and the newly added wet deacidification and SCR denitrification processes can meet this requirement. The flue gas purification process was optimized,and two feasible schemes were compared to choose the better one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Youth Fund)(52300136).
文摘Natural gas is increasingly recognized as a clean energy source due to its high quality,low pollution levels,and abundant availability.However,certain gas fields contain complex components that require purification for efficient transportation and utilization.Addressing these issues involves efficient gas eliquid separation technology.Existing gaseliquid separation units face challenges such as efficiency,liquid entrainment,energy consumption,and the need for consumable replacement.This study focuses on a novel cyclone-coalescence separator that combines centrifugal and coalescence principles.Implemented in a high-acid natural gas purification plant in China,the cyclone-coalescence separator demonstrated efficiency primarily influenced by gas velocity and diameter.Optimal performance was observed with a 75 mm diameter reactor at velocities of 8-12 m·s^(-1),achieving a peak efficiency of 96%.The hydrophilic glass fiber with a monofilament structure can coalesce droplets effectively.In practical industrial use,under operational conditions,the hydrocyclone's liquid discharge rate is 89.6 kg·h^(-1)with an inlet concentration of 382.7 g·m^(3).Over a 400-h cycle,the cyclone-coalescence separator demonstrated superior separation performance with an average liquid discharge volume of 9.09 mg·kg^(-1),compared to 4.93 mg·kg^(-1)for the precision filter.This successful industrial implementation presents a promising approach to natural gas purification.
文摘Yanbei project of Schlumberger Copower Oilfield Engineering Co.,Ltd.-natural gas purification plant decarbonization unit is equipped with two sets of decarbonization systems(parallel operation).The two sets of systems adopt two tower process,full lean liquid circulation regeneration process,one tower absorption(absorption pressure 5.4mpag),one tower regeneration(regeneration temperature 95℃-110℃),purified natural gas carbon dioxide content≤2.5vol%,single set The treatment capacity is 2300 KM3/d.This paper introduces the problems existing in the decarbonization solution of the decarbonization unit in the natural gas purification plant in recent three years,analyzes the causes of pollutants affecting the quality of the decarbonization solution,and probes into the control measures for the pollution of the decarbonization solution,so as to provide reference.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology of Henan Province (991110343)
文摘Oxygen diffusion and oxygen selective adsorption properties of rare earths material YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) (YBCO) were investigated by thermogravimetric, oxygen static adsorption and selectivity adsorption experiments. The results show that YBCO is a very good deoxidizing material. The oxygen desorption of YBCO begins remarkably at about 400 ℃, mass loss can arrive at 1.2% of its original quantity at 800 ℃. Oxygen can be completely absorbed back into the sample again when temperature descends to 400 ℃. The oxygen adsorption selectivity, reproducibility and oxygen adsorption under very low oxygen partial pressure make the material desirable for air separation and gas purification. High purity nitrogen gas was produced with the YBCO molecular sieves in the air separation and gas purification experiments. 0.017 m^3 of high purity nitrogen (>99.9999%) can be obtained with 1 kg YBCO molecular sieve in one cycle. As a deoxidant, an obvious advantage of YBCO is that no hydrogen is needed in its applications.
文摘In China,there are a lot of high-sulfur gas reservoirs with total proved reserves of over 1 trillion m3,most of which were discovered in the Sichuan Basin.Most high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China,distributed in marine carbonate zones,are characterized by great buried depths,complex geologic conditions,high temperatures,high pressures,high H_(2)S and CO_(2) content,presenting various challenges in gas field development engineering and production safety.Since the development of Sinian high-sulfur gas reservoirs in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin started in the 1960s,Wolonghe,Zhongba and other medium to small-scale gas reservoirs with medium to low sulfur content have been developed.Ever since 2009,successful production of Longgang and Puguang in the Sichuan Basin,together with some other high-sulfur gas reservoirs highlighted the breakthroughs in development technologies for high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China.This paper reviews the progress made in gas reservoir engineering,drilling and completion engineering,gas production,pipeline transportation,corrosion control,natural gas purification,HSE and other aspects with consideration of specific requirements related to safe,clean and high-efficient development of highsulfur gas reservoirs since the“12th Five-Year Plan”period.Finally,considering the challenges in the development of high-sulfur gas reservoirs in China,we summarized the trend in future technological development with the following goals of reducing risks,minimizing environmental damages,and enhancing the efficiency of high-sulfur gas reservoir development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52234011)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0210400)。
文摘Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separation of typical air pollutants,such as heavy metal particles,mercury,sulfur oxides and fluoride,during non-ferrous smelting.A series of purification technologies,including optimization of the furnace throat and hightemperature discharge,were developed to collaboratively control and recover fine particles from the flue gas of heavy metal smelting processes,including copper,lead and zinc.Significant improvements have been realized in wet scrubbing technology for removing mercury,fluoride and SO_(2)from flue gas.Gas-liquid sulfidation technology by applying H_(2)S was invented to recycle the acid scrubbing wastewater more efficiently and in an eco-friendly manner.Based on digital technology,a source reduction method was designed for sulfur and fluoride control during the whole aluminum electrolysis process.New desulfurization technologies were developed for catalytic reduction of the sulfur content in petroleum coke at low temperature and catalytic reduction of SO_(2)to elemental sulfur.This work has established the technology for coupling multi-pollutant control and resource recovery from the flue gas from non-ferrous metallurgy,which provides the scientific theoretical basis and application technology for the treatment of air pollutants in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.
文摘The experimental investigation demonstrates that a satisfactory result can be expected for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification of natural gas as raw material for thermal chlorination process. Using hh-4 molecular sieve as adsorbent for removing C+2 components, the suitable adsorption pressure is 0.4-0.45 MPa, desorption vacuum is 0.08-0.09 MPa and circulation time is 20-21 min.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22308145, 22208140, 22178159, 22078145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230791)Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_0165)。
文摘Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China(2023YFB3809103 and 2023YFB3809100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201266,52171186)+1 种基金Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU(SFYF at SJTU)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001).
文摘Magnesium(Mg)is globally abundant in resources,and Mg‐based compounds—such as magnesium based hydrides,hydroxides,oxides,and magnesium metal‐organic frameworks(Mg MOFs)—have shown significant application prospects in gas separation.This is largely due to the electronic characteristics of Mg or Mg^(2+)ions,which facilitate the capture of hydrogen(H_(2))and acidic gases such as carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))from other gases.Consequently,exploring the use of Mgbased materials in gas separation and purification applications could not only advance the scientific understanding of solid‐gas interaction mechanisms but also provide cost‐effective solutions for gas separation technology at an industrial level.This review summarizes the recent practices and explorations of Mg‐based solid‐state materials in various gas separation and purification methods,including physical adsorption‐based separation,chemical absorption‐based separation,and membrane‐based separation.For each separation method,the relevant Mg‐based materials are discussed in detail,and key findings from existing research are presented and analyzed.Additionally,inspired by the straightforward design of air‐stable hydrogen storage materials,this review specifically addresses anti‐passivation strategies for Mg‐based hydrides,which are crucial for their applications in hydrogen gas separation and purification.Finally,this review highlights key issues and fields for future research and development in Mg‐based gas separation materials.
基金supported by Research Project of Petro-China Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,China(No.2024D106-03-02).
文摘H_(2)S in natural gas and other industrial gas is seriously harmful to human health,environmental protection and the downstream industries.Efficient purification of H_(2)S containing gas is the basic process in the chemical industry.Benefiting from multiple advantages,deep eutectic solvents(DES)can be used as tailor-made green solvents,and have been booming in the fields of harmful gas removal and fuel oil desulfurization.Furthermore,significant scientific research of DES in desulfurization and purification of natural gas has accelerated the process of its practical application.This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the removal mechanism,impact factors and challenges of DES as emerging green solvent in H_(2)S absorption and conversion.Strategies on H_(2)S removal by DES generally fall into two categories:physical absorption and chemical conversion.Although the chemical conversion of H_(2)S by DES has been less studied compared with the physical absorption,it presents great application potential.At present,the research on H_(2)S removal by DES is still in the initial stage.Therefore,it is necessary to further study the mechanism of H_(2)S removal and construct the relationship between structural properties and desulfurization performance of DES,thereby to solve the issues of sulfur blockage and low quality of sulfur paste which is suffered by conventional liquid redox desulfurization solvent system.Additionally,the methods for efficient solvent regeneration and recycling remain to be explored out to promote the practical application of iron-based DES in the field of gas desulfurization.
文摘A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification.The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied.The model was in good agreement with experimental data.The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon.The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force,respectively.The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given.The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2.The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0137300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078018)the German Research Foundation(SFB/TRR 339 and 453596084).
文摘Highway maintenance mileage reached 5.25 million kilometers in China by 2021.Ultra-thin overlay is one of the most commonly used maintenance technologies,which can significantly enhance the economic and environmental benefits of pavements.To promote the low-carbon development of ultrathin overlays,this paper mainly studied the mechanism and influencing factors of several ultra-thin overlay functions.Firstly,the skid resistance,noise reduction,rutting resistance,and crack resistance of ultrathin overlays were evaluated.The results indicated that the high-quality aggregates improved the skid and rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by 5%-20%.The optimized gradations and modified binders reduced noise of ultra-thin overlay by 0.4-6.0 dB.The high viscosity modified binders improved the rutting resistance of ultra-thin overlay by about 10%-130%.Basalt fiber improved the cracking resistance of ultra-thin overlay by more than 20%.Due to the thinner thickness and better road performance,the performance-based engineering cost of ultra-thin overlay was reduced by about 30%-40%compared with conventional overlays.Secondly,several environmentally friendly functions of ultra-thin overlay were investigated,including snow melting and deicing,exhaust gas purification and pavement cooling.The lower thickness of ultra-thin overlay was conducive to the diffusion of chloride-based materials to the pavement surface.Therefore,the snow melting effect of self-ice-melting was better.In addition,the ultra-thin overlay mixture containing photocatalytic materials could decompose 20%-50%of the exhaust gas.The colored ultra-thin overlay was able to reduce the temperature of the pavement by up to 8.1℃.The temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the ultra-thin overlay containing thermal resistance materials could reach up to 12.8℃.In addition,numerous typical global engineering applications of functional ultra-thin overlay were summarized.This review can help better understand the functionality of ultra-thin overlays and promote the realization of future multi-functional and low-carbon road maintenance.
基金the financial support of this study from National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0603402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576131,21938007 and 21366013)support of Jiangsu College Student Innovation Training Project(201910291049Z)。
文摘SSZ-13 membranes with high separation performances were prepared using ball-milled nanosized seeds by once hydrothermal synthesis.Separation performances of SSZ-13 membranes in CO2/CH4 and N2/CH4 mixtures were enhanced after synthesis modification.Single-gas permeances of CO2,N2 and CH4 and ideal selectivities were recorded through SSZ-13 membranes.The effects of temperature,pressure,feed flow rate and humidity on separation performance of the membranes were discussed.Three membranes prepared after synthesis modifications had an average CO2 permeance of 1.16×10-6 mol·(m2·s·Pa)-1(equal to 3554 GPU)with an average CO2/CH4 selectivity of 213 in a 50 vol%/50 vol%CO2/CH4 mixture.It suggests that membrane synthesis has a good reproducible.The membrane also displayed a N2 permeance of 1.07×10-7 mol·(m2·s·Pa)-1(equal to 320 GPU)with a N2/CH4 selectivity of 13 for a 50 vol%/50 vol%N2/CH4 mixture.SSZ-13 membrane displayed stable and good separation performance in the wet CO2/CH4 mixture for a long test period over 100 h at 348 K.The current SSZ-13 membranes show great potentials for the simultaneous removals of CO2 and N2 in natural gas purification as a facile process suitable for industrial application.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2011ZX05025-003-007)the 135 program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.GIGCAS-135Y234151001)
文摘Noble and active gases are released from geological samples during gas extraction for noble gas isotope analyses. The active gases should be removed before inletting to mass spectrometers for the analyses. The normal noble gas preparation systems can clean up most geological samples. However, authigenic minerals from sedimentary rocks in oil/gas fields contain organic matter, which cannot be cleaned up by the normal preparation systems and thus influence the noble gas analyses. We introduce a novel gas purification system （PRC patent No. ZL201320117751.2）, which includes several reversible purification pumps with different absorbing and degassing temperatures. It can well clean up water steam, carbon dioxide and organic gas- es. Mica minerals are often used for 40Ar/39Ar dating. A muscovite sample （2082MS） which could not be cleaned up by the normal preparation system with two SAES NP10 getters, becomes the test sample for a comparative experiment in this study. The experiment is assigned into 4 sections with the organic gas removal system （OGRS） ＂Closed/Opened＂ in turn. When the OGRS is closed only with two NP10 getters for purification, the 40At intensities increase in curves with inlet time because of impurities, the 40Ar/39Ar dating results yield age errors about ＋2%-±1% （20-）. When the OGRS is opened for purification, in contrast, the 40Ar intensities decrease linearly with inlet time. This indicates that the gases have been cleaned up effectively, and the 40Ar/39Ar results yield ages with errors in ±0.4%. The OGRS is very helpful to obtain high-quality analysis data.
文摘Research and development of efficient, economical and resource-based flue gas desulfurization technology has always been a hot spot in the field of air pollution control. Molecular sieve materials have been paid attention to by SO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent researchers due to their huge specific surface area. In this paper, 13X zeolite was modified with Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O to obtain 13x-Xwt %CuO (calculated by the amount of CuO loaded). The adsorption time and capacity of SO<sub>2</sub> penetration sorbent and the isothermal curve of N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption were studied. The results are as follows: 13X-3wt%CuO has the best adsorption effect, the penetration adsorption time is 110 min, the penetration adsorption capacity is 43.41 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>, the saturation adsorption capacity is 49.27 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>;The amount of CuO loading has a great influence on the adsorption effect of modified 13X molecular sieve on SO<sub>2</sub>. SEM and BET characterization showed that CuO modification did not change the external morphology of 13X molecular sieve, changed the pore size, but did not block the original channel of the molecular sieve, before and after modification belong to the type I adsorption isothermal curve. The pore size distribution and type of molecular sieve, as well as the content and type of alkali metal cations jointly control the adsorption process of SO<sub>2</sub> by 13X-xwt %CuO. XPS characterization showed that Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>) <sub>2</sub> decomposed into CuO and Cu<sub>2</sub>O during roasting at 450°C, CuO/Cu<sub>2</sub>O ≈ 1.5. The R<sup>2</sup> values of the quasi-second-order kinetic models obtained from the 13X-Xwt %CuO particle diffusion kinetic models were all above 0.99, indicating that the quasi-second-order kinetic equations were more relevant. Particle diffusion dynamics model in fitting results show that the adsorption process can be divided into two stages, the first phase of surface adsorption and diffusion rate in the granules common control process, more accurate dynamics model of the secondary in the second phase particle diffusion rate control stage, mainly for the micropore adsorption or chemical adsorption, quasi level 2 dynamic model conformity of variation;C is a constant not equal to 0, indicating that the adsorption of SO<sub>2</sub> is not completely through the form of intra-particle diffusion, and a small amount of chemisorption exists. And it is the compound effect of multiple adsorption mechanisms.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21871104, 21621001 and U1967215)the 111 project the Ministry of Education of China (B17020)
文摘Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers have shown great potentials in gas adsorption/separation,photocatalysis,electrochemistry,sensing and so on.Herein,1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers(TT-POPs)have been synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition(Cu-AAC)polymerization reactions of 1,3,5-tris(4-azidophenyl)-triazine with 1,4-diacetylene benzene and 1,3,5-triacetylenebenzene,respectively.The characterizations of N2 adsorption at 77 K show TTPOPs possess permanent porosity with BET surface areas of 666 m^(2)·g^(-1)(TT-POP-1)and 406 m^(2)·g^(-1)(TT-POP-2).The adsorption capacities of TT-POPs for CO_(2),CH4,C2H2 and C2H4,as well as the selective separation abilities of CO_(2)/N2,CO_(2)/CH_(4),C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4) were evaluated.The gas selective separation ratio of TT-POPs was calculated by the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST)method,wherein the selective separation ratios of C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4) of TT-POP-2 was 48.4 and 13.6(298 K,0.1 MPa),which is comparable to other adsorbents(5.6–120.6 for C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4),10–26 for C_(2)H_(4)/CH_(4)).This work shows that the 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymer has a good application prospect in natural gas purification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22078245 and 22378313)YLU-DNL Fund(Grant No.2022009)。
文摘Natural gas is an important resource that ensures the energy supply and reduces CO_(2)emissions simultaneously.However,many natural gases from well head contain a certain amount of acid gas,which must be removed to meet the pipeline requirement.Among the existing natural gas sweetening process,membrane technology is considered as a cost-effective,less energy intensive method that can remove both CO_(2)and H_(2)S simultaneously.The membranes with high permeability,high selectivity,and good durability are developing very fast.In this review,we summarized the latest state-of-the-art membranes investigated for H_(2)S/CH_(4)and CO_(2)/CH_(4)separation applications,including conventional polymer membranes,polyimides,polymer of intrinsic microporosity,rubber polymers,carbon molecular sieve membranes,hollow fiber membranes,and membrane processes for H_(2)S and CO_(2)removal from natural gas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51425603 and 51236007)
文摘Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of graphite comprising sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in the hexagonal honeycomb lattices. By removing the honeycomb lattices and forming nanopores with specific geometry and size, nanoporous graphene has been demonstrated as a very high-efficiency separation membrane, due to the ultrafast molecular permeation rate for its one-atom thickness. This review focuses on the recent advances in nanoporous graphene membrane for the applications of gas separation and water purification, with a major emphasis on the molecular permeation mechanisms and the advanced fabrication methods of this state-of-the-art membrane. We highlight the advanced theoretical and experimental works and discuss the gas/water molecular transport mechanisms through the graphene nanopores accompanied with theoretical models. In addition, we summarize some representative membrane fabrication methods, covering the graphene transfer to porous substrates and the pore generation. We anticipate that this review can provide a platform for understanding the current challenges to make the conceptual membrane a reality and attracting more and more attentions from scientists and engineers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21871265)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS
文摘A novel metal-organic framework[Co(BTTA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]_(n)(FJI-H_(2)4)has been prepared from H_(2)BTTA ligand and CoCl_(2),and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It has relatively narrow pores and high density of open metal ions and free Lewis base sites.Gas adsorption tests demonstrate that FJI-H_(2)4 has moderate CO_(2)(34.0 cm^(3)·g^(–1))and C_(2)H_(2)(53.0 cm^(3)·g^(–1))adsorption capacity,but displays high selectivity of CO_(2)/N_(2)(87)and C_(2)H_(2)/CH_(4)(66)under ambient conditions(298 K,1 atm),which may be attributed to its relatively narrow pores and polar environment.This work will provide a potential strategy for preparing practical porous metal-organic frameworks for gas adsorption and purification.
