There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measu...There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measures and the reservoir-forming evolution of natural gas in coal,this study reveals the formation,enrichment characteristics and distribution laws of coal-rock gas by systematically reviewing the main types and geological characteristics of natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures.First,natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures is divided into two types,conventional gas and unconventional gas,according to its occurrence characteristics and accumulation mechanism,and into six types,distal detrital rock gas,special rock gas,distal/proximal tight sandstone gas,inner-source tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coal-rock gas,according to its source and reservoir lithology.The natural gas present in coal-rock reservoirs is collectively referred to as coal-rock gas.Existing data indicate significant differences in the geological characteristics of coal-rock gas exploration and development between shallow and deep layers in the same area,with the transition depth boundary generally 1500-2000 m.Based on the current understanding of coal-rock gas and respecting the historical usage conventions of coalbed methane terminology,coal-rock gas can be divided into deep coal-rock gas and shallow coalbed methane according to burial depth.Second,according to the research concept of“full-process reservoir formation”in the theory of the whole petroleum system of coal measures,based on the formation and evolution of typical coal-rock gas reservoirs,coal-rock gas is further divided into four types:primary coal-rock gas,regenerated coal-rock gas,residual coal-rock gas,and bio coal-rock gas.The first two belong to deep coal-rock gas,while the latter two belong to shallow coal-rock gas.Third,research on the coal-rock gas reservoir formation and evolution shows that shallow coal-rock gas is mainly residual coal-rock gas or bio coal-rock gas formed after geological transformation of primary coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as low reservoir pressure,low gas saturation,adsorbed gas in dominance,and gas production by drainage and depressurization,while deep coal-rock gas is mainly primary coal-rock gas and regenerated coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as high reservoir pressure,high gas saturation,abundant free gas,and no or little water.In particular,the primary coal-rock gas is wide in distribution,large in resource quantity,and good in reservoir quality,making it the most favorable type of coal-rock gas for exploration and development.展开更多
Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have poorer porosityepermeability relationships,so conventional reservoir classification schemes can hardly satisfy the classification and evaluation demand of this type of reservoirs.To...Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have poorer porosityepermeability relationships,so conventional reservoir classification schemes can hardly satisfy the classification and evaluation demand of this type of reservoirs.To solve this problem,this paper took the Permian tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Linxing Block along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin as an example to describe the micro-structures of the tight sandstone reservoirs by means of high-pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),scanning electron mi-croscope(SEM)and so on.Then,the control effect of micro-structure parameters on the macrophysical properties was studied.Finally,classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs were carried out on this basis.And the following research results were obtained.First,NMR can identify the distribution of pores of different sizes,and high-pressure mercury injection can reflect the poreethroat configuration and percolation capacity of a reservoir.Second,both methods are better coincident in the description results.With an in-crease of the right peak of T2 spectra,the mercury intrusion curve presents a concave shape and the pore throat radius increases while the pore type gradually changes from intragranular dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores to intergranular pores and intergranular disso-lution pores and the reservoir quality gets better.Third,micro-pore structure controls reservoir physical properties andfluid mobility.And the porosity of large pores is best correlated with the effective porosity,so it can be used to evaluate the reservoir capacity of tight sandstone.Fourth,the throat radius R15 obtained by high pressure mercury injection is in the best correlation with porosity and permeability,so it can be used to evaluate the percolation capacity of tight sandstone.Fifth,by combining the porosity of large pores with the R15,the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Linxing Block are classified into 4 categories,and the classification results are in a good agreement with the on-site well test data.It is concluded that the combination of high-pressure mercury injection and NMR can effectively identify the key parameters which reflect the reservoir capacity and percolation capacity of tight sandstone,and improve the reliability and integrity of reservoir classification.And by selecting the key parameters that reflect reservoir capacity and percolation capacity,it can provide guidance for the classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for New Oil and Gas Exploration and Development(2025ZD1404200)Forward-looking and Fundamental Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2024DJ23)Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development(2024vzz).
文摘There are various types of natural gas resources in coal measures,making them major targets for natural gas exploration and development in China.In view of the particularity of the whole petroleum system of coal measures and the reservoir-forming evolution of natural gas in coal,this study reveals the formation,enrichment characteristics and distribution laws of coal-rock gas by systematically reviewing the main types and geological characteristics of natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures.First,natural gas in the whole petroleum system of coal measures is divided into two types,conventional gas and unconventional gas,according to its occurrence characteristics and accumulation mechanism,and into six types,distal detrital rock gas,special rock gas,distal/proximal tight sandstone gas,inner-source tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coal-rock gas,according to its source and reservoir lithology.The natural gas present in coal-rock reservoirs is collectively referred to as coal-rock gas.Existing data indicate significant differences in the geological characteristics of coal-rock gas exploration and development between shallow and deep layers in the same area,with the transition depth boundary generally 1500-2000 m.Based on the current understanding of coal-rock gas and respecting the historical usage conventions of coalbed methane terminology,coal-rock gas can be divided into deep coal-rock gas and shallow coalbed methane according to burial depth.Second,according to the research concept of“full-process reservoir formation”in the theory of the whole petroleum system of coal measures,based on the formation and evolution of typical coal-rock gas reservoirs,coal-rock gas is further divided into four types:primary coal-rock gas,regenerated coal-rock gas,residual coal-rock gas,and bio coal-rock gas.The first two belong to deep coal-rock gas,while the latter two belong to shallow coal-rock gas.Third,research on the coal-rock gas reservoir formation and evolution shows that shallow coal-rock gas is mainly residual coal-rock gas or bio coal-rock gas formed after geological transformation of primary coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as low reservoir pressure,low gas saturation,adsorbed gas in dominance,and gas production by drainage and depressurization,while deep coal-rock gas is mainly primary coal-rock gas and regenerated coal-rock gas,with the reservoir characteristics such as high reservoir pressure,high gas saturation,abundant free gas,and no or little water.In particular,the primary coal-rock gas is wide in distribution,large in resource quantity,and good in reservoir quality,making it the most favorable type of coal-rock gas for exploration and development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China"Full-borchole pore throat characterization and modeling of tight sandstone based on the combination of image method and fluid method"(No.41602141)"Mechanism and effects of imbibition and retention of fracturing fluid in in-situ shale gas reservoirs"(No.41972139)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Universities(No.18CX02069A).
文摘Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have poorer porosityepermeability relationships,so conventional reservoir classification schemes can hardly satisfy the classification and evaluation demand of this type of reservoirs.To solve this problem,this paper took the Permian tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Linxing Block along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin as an example to describe the micro-structures of the tight sandstone reservoirs by means of high-pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),scanning electron mi-croscope(SEM)and so on.Then,the control effect of micro-structure parameters on the macrophysical properties was studied.Finally,classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs were carried out on this basis.And the following research results were obtained.First,NMR can identify the distribution of pores of different sizes,and high-pressure mercury injection can reflect the poreethroat configuration and percolation capacity of a reservoir.Second,both methods are better coincident in the description results.With an in-crease of the right peak of T2 spectra,the mercury intrusion curve presents a concave shape and the pore throat radius increases while the pore type gradually changes from intragranular dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores to intergranular pores and intergranular disso-lution pores and the reservoir quality gets better.Third,micro-pore structure controls reservoir physical properties andfluid mobility.And the porosity of large pores is best correlated with the effective porosity,so it can be used to evaluate the reservoir capacity of tight sandstone.Fourth,the throat radius R15 obtained by high pressure mercury injection is in the best correlation with porosity and permeability,so it can be used to evaluate the percolation capacity of tight sandstone.Fifth,by combining the porosity of large pores with the R15,the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Linxing Block are classified into 4 categories,and the classification results are in a good agreement with the on-site well test data.It is concluded that the combination of high-pressure mercury injection and NMR can effectively identify the key parameters which reflect the reservoir capacity and percolation capacity of tight sandstone,and improve the reliability and integrity of reservoir classification.And by selecting the key parameters that reflect reservoir capacity and percolation capacity,it can provide guidance for the classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs.
