Flooding is the most prevalent and costly natural disaster in the world and building reservoirs is one of the major structural measures for flood control and management. In this paper, a framework was proposed to eval...Flooding is the most prevalent and costly natural disaster in the world and building reservoirs is one of the major structural measures for flood control and management. In this paper, a framework was proposed to evaluate functions of reservoirs′ locations and magnitudes on daily peak flow attenuation for a large basin of China, namely Ganjiang River Basin. In this study, the Xinanjiang model was adopted to simulate inflows of the reservoirs and flood hydrographs of all sub-catchments of the basin, and simple reservoir operation rules were established for calculating outflows of the reservoirs. Four reservoirs scenarios were established to analyze reservoirs′ locations on daily peak flow attenuation. The results showed that: 1) reservoirs attenuated the peak discharges for all simulated floods, when the flood storage capacities increase as new reservoirs were built, the peak discharge attenuation by reservoirs showed an increasing tendency both in absolute and relative measures; 2) reservoirs attenuated more peak discharge relatively for small floods than for large ones; 3) reservoirs reduced the peak discharge more efficiently for the floods with single peak or multi peaks with main peak occurred first; and 4) effect of upstream reservoirs on peak attenuation decreased from upper reaches to lower reaches; upstream and midstream reservoirs played important roles in decreasing peak discharge both at middle and lower reaches, and downstream reservoirs had less effect on large peak discharge attenuation at outlet of the basin. The proposed framework of evaluating functions of multiple reservoirs′ storage capacities and locations on peak attenuation is valuable for flood control planning and management at basin scale.展开更多
Based on spatial interpolation rainfall of the ground gauge measurement,we proposed a method to comprehensively evaluate and compare the accuracy of satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) at three spatial scales:0.25...Based on spatial interpolation rainfall of the ground gauge measurement,we proposed a method to comprehensively evaluate and compare the accuracy of satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) at three spatial scales:0.25°×0.25° grid scale,sub-catchment scale and the whole basin scale.Using this method,we evaluated the accuracy of six high-resolution monthly SREs (TRMM 3B42 V6,3B42RT V6,CMORPH,GSMaP MWR+,GSMaP MVK+ and PERSIANN) and revealed the spatio-temporal variation of the SRE accuracy based on spatial interpolated rainfall from a dense network of 325 gauges during 2003-2009 over the Ganjiang River Basin in the Southeast China.The results showed that ground gauge-calibrated 3B42 had the highest accuracy with slight overestimation,whereas the other five uncalibrated SREs had severe underestimation.The accuracy of the six SREs in wet seasons was remarkably higher than that in the dry seasons.When the time scale was expanded,the accuracy of SRE,particularly 3B42,increased.Furthermore,the accuracy of SREs was relatively low in the western mountains and northern piedmont areas,while it was relatively high in the central and southeastern hills and basins of the Ganjiang River Basin.When the space scale was expanded,the accuracy of the six SREs gradually increased.This study provided an example for of SRE accuracy validation in other regions,and a direct basis for further study of SRE-based hydrological process.展开更多
As the major component of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an irreplaceable role in providing eco- system services and products （e.g. biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water yield and timber）. Spatially quanti...As the major component of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an irreplaceable role in providing eco- system services and products （e.g. biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water yield and timber）. Spatially quantifying ecosystem services and interactions will shed light on sustainable forest management. Main forest ecosystem ser- vices including carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and wood volume in the Ganjiang River Basin （GRB） were evaluated and mapped through the integrated use of INVEST3.1.0, CASA modeling and ArcGIS10.2, and relation- ships between forest ecosystem services and natural or social-economic factors were quantified and discussed based on ArcGIS10.2 and SPSS19.0. Results showed that the spatial pattern of the four ecosystem services is heterogeneous. Forests dominated by broad-leaved forest and bamboo forest in mountainous regions around the GRB provided the largest carbon storage and wood volume services, while forests dominated by Masson pine plantations or Chinese fir plantations in the northeast provided the largest water yield service. The spatial pattern of the soil retention service is more discrete than others, and forests in the southwestern regions showed larger soil erosion modulus than in the northeastern regions. Ecosystem services are closely related to the environmental process and human activities. With altitude or slope increases, the carbon storage and wood volume of forests in- creased and water yield depth and soil retention decreased. When the regional total population decreased or GDP per capita increased, carbon storage and wood volume increased. Further research into the interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem services is needed in order to understand environmental constraints when dealing with ecological problems.展开更多
基金Commonwealth and Specialized Programs for Scientific Research,Ministry of Water Resources of China(No.200901042)
文摘Flooding is the most prevalent and costly natural disaster in the world and building reservoirs is one of the major structural measures for flood control and management. In this paper, a framework was proposed to evaluate functions of reservoirs′ locations and magnitudes on daily peak flow attenuation for a large basin of China, namely Ganjiang River Basin. In this study, the Xinanjiang model was adopted to simulate inflows of the reservoirs and flood hydrographs of all sub-catchments of the basin, and simple reservoir operation rules were established for calculating outflows of the reservoirs. Four reservoirs scenarios were established to analyze reservoirs′ locations on daily peak flow attenuation. The results showed that: 1) reservoirs attenuated the peak discharges for all simulated floods, when the flood storage capacities increase as new reservoirs were built, the peak discharge attenuation by reservoirs showed an increasing tendency both in absolute and relative measures; 2) reservoirs attenuated more peak discharge relatively for small floods than for large ones; 3) reservoirs reduced the peak discharge more efficiently for the floods with single peak or multi peaks with main peak occurred first; and 4) effect of upstream reservoirs on peak attenuation decreased from upper reaches to lower reaches; upstream and midstream reservoirs played important roles in decreasing peak discharge both at middle and lower reaches, and downstream reservoirs had less effect on large peak discharge attenuation at outlet of the basin. The proposed framework of evaluating functions of multiple reservoirs′ storage capacities and locations on peak attenuation is valuable for flood control planning and management at basin scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51109136)the Commonweal Science Research Project of Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant Nos. 201001002,201101004)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No. TG1109)
文摘Based on spatial interpolation rainfall of the ground gauge measurement,we proposed a method to comprehensively evaluate and compare the accuracy of satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) at three spatial scales:0.25°×0.25° grid scale,sub-catchment scale and the whole basin scale.Using this method,we evaluated the accuracy of six high-resolution monthly SREs (TRMM 3B42 V6,3B42RT V6,CMORPH,GSMaP MWR+,GSMaP MVK+ and PERSIANN) and revealed the spatio-temporal variation of the SRE accuracy based on spatial interpolated rainfall from a dense network of 325 gauges during 2003-2009 over the Ganjiang River Basin in the Southeast China.The results showed that ground gauge-calibrated 3B42 had the highest accuracy with slight overestimation,whereas the other five uncalibrated SREs had severe underestimation.The accuracy of the six SREs in wet seasons was remarkably higher than that in the dry seasons.When the time scale was expanded,the accuracy of SRE,particularly 3B42,increased.Furthermore,the accuracy of SREs was relatively low in the western mountains and northern piedmont areas,while it was relatively high in the central and southeastern hills and basins of the Ganjiang River Basin.When the space scale was expanded,the accuracy of the six SREs gradually increased.This study provided an example for of SRE accuracy validation in other regions,and a direct basis for further study of SRE-based hydrological process.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB452702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571098,41371196 and 41530749)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2013BAC03B04)
文摘As the major component of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an irreplaceable role in providing eco- system services and products （e.g. biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water yield and timber）. Spatially quantifying ecosystem services and interactions will shed light on sustainable forest management. Main forest ecosystem ser- vices including carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and wood volume in the Ganjiang River Basin （GRB） were evaluated and mapped through the integrated use of INVEST3.1.0, CASA modeling and ArcGIS10.2, and relation- ships between forest ecosystem services and natural or social-economic factors were quantified and discussed based on ArcGIS10.2 and SPSS19.0. Results showed that the spatial pattern of the four ecosystem services is heterogeneous. Forests dominated by broad-leaved forest and bamboo forest in mountainous regions around the GRB provided the largest carbon storage and wood volume services, while forests dominated by Masson pine plantations or Chinese fir plantations in the northeast provided the largest water yield service. The spatial pattern of the soil retention service is more discrete than others, and forests in the southwestern regions showed larger soil erosion modulus than in the northeastern regions. Ecosystem services are closely related to the environmental process and human activities. With altitude or slope increases, the carbon storage and wood volume of forests in- creased and water yield depth and soil retention decreased. When the regional total population decreased or GDP per capita increased, carbon storage and wood volume increased. Further research into the interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem services is needed in order to understand environmental constraints when dealing with ecological problems.
