The objective of this work is to analyze the transient effects of ^60Co gamma rays in the CMOS image sensor (CIS) using the Monte Carlo method, based on Geant4. The track, energy spectrum, and angle of produced electr...The objective of this work is to analyze the transient effects of ^60Co gamma rays in the CMOS image sensor (CIS) using the Monte Carlo method, based on Geant4. The track, energy spectrum, and angle of produced electrons when gamma rays traversed a silicon or silicon dioxide cube were calculated. A simplified model of a 500 × 500 CIS array was established, and the transient effects of gamma rays in the CIS were simulated. The raw images were captured when the CIS was irradiated by gamma rays. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results. The characteristics of the typical events induced by transient effects were analyzed.展开更多
In a deuterium operation on the Large Helical Device, the measurement and control equipment placed in the toms hall must survive under an environment of radiation, To study the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the ...In a deuterium operation on the Large Helical Device, the measurement and control equipment placed in the toms hall must survive under an environment of radiation, To study the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the equipment, an irradiation experiment is performed at the Cobalt-60 irradiation facility of Nagoya University. Transient and permanent effects on a personal computer, media converters, programmable logic controllers, isolation amplifiers, a web camera, optical flow meters, and water sealing gaskets are experimentally surveyed. Transient noise appears on the web camera. Offset of the signal increases with an increase of the integrated dose on the programmable logic controller. The DeviceNet module on the programmable logic controller is broken at the integrated dose of 72 Gy, which is the expected range of the integrated dose of the toms hall. The other equipment can survive under the gamma-ray field in the toms hall.展开更多
Objective To analyze the gamma band effective connectiviyty characteristicsof theprefrontal-striatal circuitry in bipolar disorder patients with and without a history of manic episodes,as well as in major depressive d...Objective To analyze the gamma band effective connectiviyty characteristicsof theprefrontal-striatal circuitry in bipolar disorder patients with and without a history of manic episodes,as well as in major depressive disorder patients,during the recognition of positive emotional faces,this study aims to identify unique neurophysiological features that may aid in the early detection of bipolar disorder.Methods This retrospective study collected clinical data and magnetoencephalography(MEG)imaging data from patients performing a positive emotional face recognition task at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2009 to December 2019.The study included 75 patients with major depressive disorder and 29 patients with bipolar disorder in a depressive episode(rBD group).Concurrently,39 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(HC group)were recruited.After a follow-up period of at least 5 years,23 out of the 75 patients with major depressive disorder converted to bipolar disorder(ctBD group),while the remaining 52 who did not convert maintained a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.Results There were statistically significant differences in gamma-band effective connectivity in the prefrontal-striatal circuit when recognizing positive emotional faces among the converted to bipolar disorder(ctBD),raw bipolar disorder,major depressive disorder,and HC groups(H=9.04,10.30,8.30,13.43,14.38,12.62,9.82,8.94,24.62,7.89,18.53,9.97,9.58,12.79,P<0.05).The ctBD group,rBD group,and major depressive group all showed reduction in effective connectivity from the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.R)to the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.L)[Z=-1.98,-3.38,-2.88],from the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus to the right ventral striatum(VS.R)(Z=-2.05,-2.76,-2.11;P<0.05)and from the left ventral striatum(VS.L)to the left orbital middle frontal gyrus(ORBmid.L)(Z=-2.76,-1.98,-2.43;P<0.05).Among the disease groups,the ctBD group showed significantly enhanced effective connectivity strength compared to the major depressive group from the right amygdala(AMYG.R)to the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus(0.04(0.03,0.08)),from the right amygdala to the left ventral striatum(0.05(0.03,0.09)),and from the right ventral striatum to the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri(ACG.R)(0.04(0.02,0.08))(Z=4.17,3.70,3.35;P<0.001).The ctBD group also exhibited enhanced effective connectivity compared to the rBD group from ORBinf.R to the ACG.R,fron the AMYG.R to the ORBinf.L,from the AMYG.R to the VS.L,and from the VS.R to the ACG.R(Z=2.05,4.61,3.60,3.04;P<0.05).The rBD group demonstrated reduced effective connectivity compared to the major depressive disorder group from the right orbital middle frontal gyrus(ORBmid.R)to the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri(ACG.L),ORBinf.R to the ACG.R and from the ORBinf.R to the AMYG.R(Z=-2.12,-2.40,-2.22;P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in the gamma-band effective connectivity characteristics of the prefrontal-striatal pathway when recognizing positive emotional faces between patients with bipolar disorder in depressive episodes and those with depression,as well as differences between bipolar depressed patients with and without a history of manic episodes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11805155,11875223,and 11690043)the Chinese Academy of Sciences strategic pilot science and technology project(No.XDA15015000)+1 种基金the Innovation Foundation of Radiation Application(No.KFZC2018040201)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of China(Nos.SKLIPR1803 and 1610)
文摘The objective of this work is to analyze the transient effects of ^60Co gamma rays in the CMOS image sensor (CIS) using the Monte Carlo method, based on Geant4. The track, energy spectrum, and angle of produced electrons when gamma rays traversed a silicon or silicon dioxide cube were calculated. A simplified model of a 500 × 500 CIS array was established, and the transient effects of gamma rays in the CIS were simulated. The raw images were captured when the CIS was irradiated by gamma rays. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results. The characteristics of the typical events induced by transient effects were analyzed.
基金supported partly by the LHD project budget(NIFS15ULHH003 and NIFS15ULGG801)
文摘In a deuterium operation on the Large Helical Device, the measurement and control equipment placed in the toms hall must survive under an environment of radiation, To study the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the equipment, an irradiation experiment is performed at the Cobalt-60 irradiation facility of Nagoya University. Transient and permanent effects on a personal computer, media converters, programmable logic controllers, isolation amplifiers, a web camera, optical flow meters, and water sealing gaskets are experimentally surveyed. Transient noise appears on the web camera. Offset of the signal increases with an increase of the integrated dose on the programmable logic controller. The DeviceNet module on the programmable logic controller is broken at the integrated dose of 72 Gy, which is the expected range of the integrated dose of the toms hall. The other equipment can survive under the gamma-ray field in the toms hall.
文摘Objective To analyze the gamma band effective connectiviyty characteristicsof theprefrontal-striatal circuitry in bipolar disorder patients with and without a history of manic episodes,as well as in major depressive disorder patients,during the recognition of positive emotional faces,this study aims to identify unique neurophysiological features that may aid in the early detection of bipolar disorder.Methods This retrospective study collected clinical data and magnetoencephalography(MEG)imaging data from patients performing a positive emotional face recognition task at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2009 to December 2019.The study included 75 patients with major depressive disorder and 29 patients with bipolar disorder in a depressive episode(rBD group).Concurrently,39 age-and gender-matched healthy controls(HC group)were recruited.After a follow-up period of at least 5 years,23 out of the 75 patients with major depressive disorder converted to bipolar disorder(ctBD group),while the remaining 52 who did not convert maintained a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.Results There were statistically significant differences in gamma-band effective connectivity in the prefrontal-striatal circuit when recognizing positive emotional faces among the converted to bipolar disorder(ctBD),raw bipolar disorder,major depressive disorder,and HC groups(H=9.04,10.30,8.30,13.43,14.38,12.62,9.82,8.94,24.62,7.89,18.53,9.97,9.58,12.79,P<0.05).The ctBD group,rBD group,and major depressive group all showed reduction in effective connectivity from the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.R)to the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.L)[Z=-1.98,-3.38,-2.88],from the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus to the right ventral striatum(VS.R)(Z=-2.05,-2.76,-2.11;P<0.05)and from the left ventral striatum(VS.L)to the left orbital middle frontal gyrus(ORBmid.L)(Z=-2.76,-1.98,-2.43;P<0.05).Among the disease groups,the ctBD group showed significantly enhanced effective connectivity strength compared to the major depressive group from the right amygdala(AMYG.R)to the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus(0.04(0.03,0.08)),from the right amygdala to the left ventral striatum(0.05(0.03,0.09)),and from the right ventral striatum to the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri(ACG.R)(0.04(0.02,0.08))(Z=4.17,3.70,3.35;P<0.001).The ctBD group also exhibited enhanced effective connectivity compared to the rBD group from ORBinf.R to the ACG.R,fron the AMYG.R to the ORBinf.L,from the AMYG.R to the VS.L,and from the VS.R to the ACG.R(Z=2.05,4.61,3.60,3.04;P<0.05).The rBD group demonstrated reduced effective connectivity compared to the major depressive disorder group from the right orbital middle frontal gyrus(ORBmid.R)to the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri(ACG.L),ORBinf.R to the ACG.R and from the ORBinf.R to the AMYG.R(Z=-2.12,-2.40,-2.22;P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in the gamma-band effective connectivity characteristics of the prefrontal-striatal pathway when recognizing positive emotional faces between patients with bipolar disorder in depressive episodes and those with depression,as well as differences between bipolar depressed patients with and without a history of manic episodes.
