In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in-situ laser machining system integrating laser measurement and machining was built using a 3D galvanometer scanner equipped with a side-axis industrial camera. A line structur...In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in-situ laser machining system integrating laser measurement and machining was built using a 3D galvanometer scanner equipped with a side-axis industrial camera. A line structured light measurement model based on a galvanometer scanner was proposed to obtain the 3D information of the workpiece. A height calibration method was proposed to further ensure measurement accuracy, so as to achieve accurate laser focusing. In-situ machining software was developed to realize time-saving and labor-saving 3D laser processing. The feasibility and practicability of this in-situ laser machining system were verified using specific cases. In comparison with the conventional line structured light measurement method, the proposed methods do not require light plane calibration, and do not need additional motion axes for 3D reconstruction;thus they provide technical and cost advantages. The insitu laser machining system realizes a simple operation process by integrating measurement and machining,which greatly reduces labor and time costs.展开更多
The paper approaches the problem of the command functions of galvanometer-based scanners （GS） that are necessary to produce the linear plus parabolic scanning function of the GS, which we have proved previously to p...The paper approaches the problem of the command functions of galvanometer-based scanners （GS） that are necessary to produce the linear plus parabolic scanning function of the GS, which we have proved previously to produce the highest possible duty cycle （i.e., time efficiency） of the device. We have completed this theoretical aspect （which contradicted what has been stated previously in the literature, where it has been considered that the linear plus sinusoidal scanning function was the best） with the experimental study of the most used scanning functions of the GSs （sawtooth, sinusoidal and triangular）, with applications in biomedical imaging, in particular in optical coherence tomography, demonstrating that the triangular function is always the best one to be applied, from both an optical and a mechanical point of view. In the present study the input voltage/command function which should be applied to the GS to produce the desired triangular scanning function （with controlled non-linearity for the fastest possible stop-and-turn portions） was determined analytically, in relationship with the active torque that drives the device. This command function is analyzed with regard to the specific, respectively required parameters of the GS： natural frequency and damping factor, respectively scan speed and amplitude. The modeling in an open loop control structure of the GS is finally discussed as a trade-off between using the highest possible duty cycle and minimizing the maximum peaks of the input voltage.展开更多
We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems....We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems. The RCM system uses a resonant galvanometer scanner driven by a home-built field-programmable gate array circuit with a novel dual-trigger mode and a home-built high-speed data acquisition card. The SRS system uses linear galvanometers with commercially available modules. We demonstrate video-rate high-resolution imaging at 11 frames per second of in vivo human skin with the RCM system and label-free biomolecular imaging of cancer cells with the SRS system. A comparison of the two strategies for controlling galvanometer scanners provides scientific and technical reference for future design and commercialization of various laser-scanning microscopes using galvanometers.展开更多
The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV)developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the...The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV)developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the structure.In this paper,an arbitrary continuous scanning path generating method for Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibometry(CSLDV)is further put forward in order to allow the CSLDV suitable for testing structures featured by complex shapes not just for regular areas.In the first step,the relationship between position of laser spot and the driving voltages of galvanometer scanner system has been described by a mathematical modeling.Then,a novel arbitrary scanning path generating strategy based on CSLDV is presented by deforming a normalization rectangular scanning path to an arbitrary continuous scanning path.The mapping relation between the normalization rectangular scanning path and arbitrary continuous scanning path is established using the reference points.In the second step,a compressor blade with curved surface was taken as an example for modal test using the proposed method.At the same time,a validated experiment was performed in SLDV.The results show the mode shapes derived from the extended CSLDV are in agreement with those from SLDV and the Modal Assurance Criterion(MAC)between the two are all greater than 0.96.They also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for CSLDV test and show strong potential on further practical engineering applications.展开更多
A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to...A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to satisfy different processing needs. The scanning system is composed of galvanometer scanning mirrors and F-θ lens. And the flying optical system is driven by two servo motors. This paper presents the software and hardware design of the laser die-cutting system, the difference between the two optical paths, as well as the relationship among the cutting speed, thickness of wrapping paper and laser power. The cutting speed and thickness of wrapping paper are linearly increased by the incremental laser power, while the cutting speed is hyperbolically decreased by the incremental thickness of wrapping paper when the laser power is constant. The amount of incision is reduced by 20% and the processing time by 40% when tested by a low power RF CO2 laser die-cutting system using the optimized program. This tech- nique is also used for the reference of other rapid laser processing systems.展开更多
With the wide application of laser in the field of skin plastic surgery, micro laser galvanometer scanner has made great progress in this field with its portability. However, the measurement method used to measure the...With the wide application of laser in the field of skin plastic surgery, micro laser galvanometer scanner has made great progress in this field with its portability. However, the measurement method used to measure the deflection angle of laser galvanometer in the narrow space of scanner with high precision remains to be studied. In this paper, an angle measurement method based on magnetic field is proposed, and the effect of the shapes of permanent magnets(PMs) on the measurement is studied by theoretical and experimental study under the condition that the maximum available space for the PMs is a 10 mm side cube. An angle measuring experimental device is set up, and the contrast experiment is carried out with different PMs which are the same as simulation. The experimental results show that cylindrical PM is more suitable than other PMs, which is consistent with the simulation results, and the maximum nonlinearity error is 0.562%. This method has the advantages of small volume,non-contact measurement, small moment of inertia, good dynamic response and no external excitation for the PMs, so it has a broad application prospect in micro laser galvanometer scanner.展开更多
The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experimen...The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experiment can contribute to understanding scientific concepts of high school students, specifically in physics. Five public high-schools located in the urban area of Guaratingueta were selected for our pilot test. Only one of the schools has a science laboratory, which is often not used due to the shortage of appropriate material for experiments. However, all five schools have computer labs with internet access. Authors worked with a total of 335 students from five schools. Authors＇ pilot test began with theoretical classes, related to the experiment, given by the teachers of each school： Concept of Magnetic Induction Field and the Biot-Savart Law. The classes were followed by a pre-test. After applying the pre-test, the students accessed the experimental activity via Interact remote access in the computer lab. At the end of the experimental activity, the students completed the multiple choice post-tests. All students completed the post-tests. The pre-test and post-test analysis has been used as an assessment method in education and social sciences.展开更多
For the dual-galvanometric laser scanning manufacturing, the traditional geometry algorithm-fθ only considered the distance between the two swaying mirrors, the distance between the swaying mirror and the convex lens...For the dual-galvanometric laser scanning manufacturing, the traditional geometry algorithm-fθ only considered the distance between the two swaying mirrors, the distance between the swaying mirror and the convex lens, the mirror swaying angle, and the lens focal length. And it could not correctly express the manufacturing track which was made geometry distorted. Based on analysis, a creative geometry control algorithm-optical entire factors (OEF) was brought forward. From the creative algorithm it can be known that OEF geometry control algorithm was concerned with not only the distance of the two swaying mirrors, distance between the swaying mirror and the convex lens, mirror swaying angle, and lens focal length, but also the lens central height, lens convex radius, and medium refractive index. The manufacturing system can manufacture satisfied geometry with the creative double ends approach (DEA) control model based on OEF in the experiments.展开更多
文摘In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in-situ laser machining system integrating laser measurement and machining was built using a 3D galvanometer scanner equipped with a side-axis industrial camera. A line structured light measurement model based on a galvanometer scanner was proposed to obtain the 3D information of the workpiece. A height calibration method was proposed to further ensure measurement accuracy, so as to achieve accurate laser focusing. In-situ machining software was developed to realize time-saving and labor-saving 3D laser processing. The feasibility and practicability of this in-situ laser machining system were verified using specific cases. In comparison with the conventional line structured light measurement method, the proposed methods do not require light plane calibration, and do not need additional motion axes for 3D reconstruction;thus they provide technical and cost advantages. The insitu laser machining system realizes a simple operation process by integrating measurement and machining,which greatly reduces labor and time costs.
基金the support of the US Department of State through Fulbright Scholar Grant 474/2009
文摘The paper approaches the problem of the command functions of galvanometer-based scanners （GS） that are necessary to produce the linear plus parabolic scanning function of the GS, which we have proved previously to produce the highest possible duty cycle （i.e., time efficiency） of the device. We have completed this theoretical aspect （which contradicted what has been stated previously in the literature, where it has been considered that the linear plus sinusoidal scanning function was the best） with the experimental study of the most used scanning functions of the GSs （sawtooth, sinusoidal and triangular）, with applications in biomedical imaging, in particular in optical coherence tomography, demonstrating that the triangular function is always the best one to be applied, from both an optical and a mechanical point of view. In the present study the input voltage/command function which should be applied to the GS to produce the desired triangular scanning function （with controlled non-linearity for the fastest possible stop-and-turn portions） was determined analytically, in relationship with the active torque that drives the device. This command function is analyzed with regard to the specific, respectively required parameters of the GS： natural frequency and damping factor, respectively scan speed and amplitude. The modeling in an open loop control structure of the GS is finally discussed as a trade-off between using the highest possible duty cycle and minimizing the maximum peaks of the input voltage.
基金the China Scholar・ship Council(No.201904910117)Jilin Province Talent Development Fund[2018]853 awarded to F.Wang。
文摘We report on two strategies to design and implement the galvanometer-based laser-scanning mechanisms for the realization of reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) microscopy systems. The RCM system uses a resonant galvanometer scanner driven by a home-built field-programmable gate array circuit with a novel dual-trigger mode and a home-built high-speed data acquisition card. The SRS system uses linear galvanometers with commercially available modules. We demonstrate video-rate high-resolution imaging at 11 frames per second of in vivo human skin with the RCM system and label-free biomolecular imaging of cancer cells with the SRS system. A comparison of the two strategies for controlling galvanometer scanners provides scientific and technical reference for future design and commercialization of various laser-scanning microscopes using galvanometers.
基金the financial support for this work provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Safety Academic Foundation of China(No.U1730129)The Cultivation Foundation of National Defense Large Projects of China(No.NP2018450)。
文摘The continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV)developed on the base of the galvanometer scanner system has made it possible to quickly obtain the full field vibration responses within a rectangular area of the structure.In this paper,an arbitrary continuous scanning path generating method for Continuous Scanning Laser Doppler Vibometry(CSLDV)is further put forward in order to allow the CSLDV suitable for testing structures featured by complex shapes not just for regular areas.In the first step,the relationship between position of laser spot and the driving voltages of galvanometer scanner system has been described by a mathematical modeling.Then,a novel arbitrary scanning path generating strategy based on CSLDV is presented by deforming a normalization rectangular scanning path to an arbitrary continuous scanning path.The mapping relation between the normalization rectangular scanning path and arbitrary continuous scanning path is established using the reference points.In the second step,a compressor blade with curved surface was taken as an example for modal test using the proposed method.At the same time,a validated experiment was performed in SLDV.The results show the mode shapes derived from the extended CSLDV are in agreement with those from SLDV and the Modal Assurance Criterion(MAC)between the two are all greater than 0.96.They also demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for CSLDV test and show strong potential on further practical engineering applications.
基金Supported by by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China ("973" Program, No. 2010CB327800)
文摘A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to satisfy different processing needs. The scanning system is composed of galvanometer scanning mirrors and F-θ lens. And the flying optical system is driven by two servo motors. This paper presents the software and hardware design of the laser die-cutting system, the difference between the two optical paths, as well as the relationship among the cutting speed, thickness of wrapping paper and laser power. The cutting speed and thickness of wrapping paper are linearly increased by the incremental laser power, while the cutting speed is hyperbolically decreased by the incremental thickness of wrapping paper when the laser power is constant. The amount of incision is reduced by 20% and the processing time by 40% when tested by a low power RF CO2 laser die-cutting system using the optimized program. This tech- nique is also used for the reference of other rapid laser processing systems.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 20175748009]。
文摘With the wide application of laser in the field of skin plastic surgery, micro laser galvanometer scanner has made great progress in this field with its portability. However, the measurement method used to measure the deflection angle of laser galvanometer in the narrow space of scanner with high precision remains to be studied. In this paper, an angle measurement method based on magnetic field is proposed, and the effect of the shapes of permanent magnets(PMs) on the measurement is studied by theoretical and experimental study under the condition that the maximum available space for the PMs is a 10 mm side cube. An angle measuring experimental device is set up, and the contrast experiment is carried out with different PMs which are the same as simulation. The experimental results show that cylindrical PM is more suitable than other PMs, which is consistent with the simulation results, and the maximum nonlinearity error is 0.562%. This method has the advantages of small volume,non-contact measurement, small moment of inertia, good dynamic response and no external excitation for the PMs, so it has a broad application prospect in micro laser galvanometer scanner.
文摘The objective of authors＇ study was to assess the effect of using the remote Tangent Galvanometer experiment on teaching and leaming physics in high-school classes. The idea was to understand how the remote experiment can contribute to understanding scientific concepts of high school students, specifically in physics. Five public high-schools located in the urban area of Guaratingueta were selected for our pilot test. Only one of the schools has a science laboratory, which is often not used due to the shortage of appropriate material for experiments. However, all five schools have computer labs with internet access. Authors worked with a total of 335 students from five schools. Authors＇ pilot test began with theoretical classes, related to the experiment, given by the teachers of each school： Concept of Magnetic Induction Field and the Biot-Savart Law. The classes were followed by a pre-test. After applying the pre-test, the students accessed the experimental activity via Interact remote access in the computer lab. At the end of the experimental activity, the students completed the multiple choice post-tests. All students completed the post-tests. The pre-test and post-test analysis has been used as an assessment method in education and social sciences.
基金This work was supported by the '211' project of Hebei University of Technology under Grant No. 202012.
文摘For the dual-galvanometric laser scanning manufacturing, the traditional geometry algorithm-fθ only considered the distance between the two swaying mirrors, the distance between the swaying mirror and the convex lens, the mirror swaying angle, and the lens focal length. And it could not correctly express the manufacturing track which was made geometry distorted. Based on analysis, a creative geometry control algorithm-optical entire factors (OEF) was brought forward. From the creative algorithm it can be known that OEF geometry control algorithm was concerned with not only the distance of the two swaying mirrors, distance between the swaying mirror and the convex lens, mirror swaying angle, and lens focal length, but also the lens central height, lens convex radius, and medium refractive index. The manufacturing system can manufacture satisfied geometry with the creative double ends approach (DEA) control model based on OEF in the experiments.
