AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing techn...AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing technique during a 1-year follow-up period.METHODS:This study included 74 eyes from 37 patients,comprising 17 males and 20 females,with a mean age of 51.74±7.80 years.Using a coin toss method,one eye per patient was randomly selected for improved anterior capsular polishing,while the other eye received standard irrigation/aspiration(I/A)polishing.The polishing group consisted of 37 eyes,including 21 right and 16 left eyes,while the control group comprised the contralateral fellow eyes of the same individuals in the polishing group.Visual acuity and quality of the patients were evaluated before surgery and at 1 wk,1,6,and 12 mo after surgery.The OPD-Scan III was utilized to assess high-order aberrations,while the optical quality analysis system(OQAS)was employed to evaluate modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),Strehl ratio(SR),and objective scatter index(OSI)for the purpose of visual quality assessment.Paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA)were utilized to compare the results,and the SNK-q post hoc test was applied to identify significant differences.RESULTS:The polishing group’s uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)significantly improved 1-week post-surgery(all P<0.05).At 12-months,UDVA,UNVA,and corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA)were better than the control group(P<0.05).The MTF cutoff,SR,OSI,and high-order aberrations in the polishing group also showed significant improvements compared to the control group at 12 mo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved capsular polishing method has been demonstrated to effectively maintain visual acuity and visual quality in patients with MIOL after FLACS within 1 a.展开更多
Encapsulation of water-soluble cargoes in millimeter-sized capsules has enabled major advances in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,food,cosmetics,packaging,and materials.However,because of the lack of fabricat...Encapsulation of water-soluble cargoes in millimeter-sized capsules has enabled major advances in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,food,cosmetics,packaging,and materials.However,because of the lack of fabrication precision,low cargo retention,suboptimal mechanical properties,and difficulty in preventing water evaporation,this technique is more challenging than microencapsulation techniques.In this study,we developed a surfactant-free and organic solvent-free water-in-oil in-air emulsification approach for synthesizing double-layered“milli-capsules”for the precise encapsulation,enhanced retention,and force-triggered burst release of water-soluble bioactive cargoes.In particular,we synthesized milli-capsules with a first shell of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)for the efficient encapsulation of bioactive cargoes and a second shell of beeswax to prolong the retention of the entrapped bioactive compounds.Unlike traditional milli-capsules,which exhibit poor shape uniformity and mechanical stability,we introduced metallic ions to stabilize the interfacial tension and employed constant rotation to balance the gravity,buoyancy,inertial,and viscous forces imposed on the droplets,resulting in uniform and rigid milli-capsules with narrow rupture forces.Furthermore,additional hydrophobic beeswax coating prevented water volatilization and substantially prolonged the shelf life of the encapsulated compounds from a few days to a few months while maintaining their bioactivities.The proposed milli-capsule system addresses the challenge of precise fabrication of large carriers for water-soluble cargoes,representing a significant step toward the long-term storage and controlled release of bioactive cargoes for various industrial applications.展开更多
The return capsule of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship,carrying no astronauts,touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 9:34 a.m.(Beijing Time)on January 19,according to ...The return capsule of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship,carrying no astronauts,touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 9:34 a.m.(Beijing Time)on January 19,according to the China Manned Space Agency(CMSA).展开更多
Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy...Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: In this study, 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in Zhuji People’s Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into two groups of 45 patients in each group. The control group used standard medical treatment, and the treatment group compared the changes of serum inflammatory factors IL-CRP, TNF-α, and Hcy with Huoxue Tongmai capsule for 7 days, 14 days and 30 days, and discussed the changes of the modified Rankin scale score (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results: At 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days of treatment, the NIHSS score, mRS score, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and Hcy levels were statistically significant (P α, and Hcy levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Patients with acute cerebral infarction received Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve the nerve function and improve the prognosis.展开更多
Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,lim...Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,limitations in space and energy supply have resulted in the inability to perform multiple diagnostic and treatment tasks using a single capsule.In this study,we developed a dual-functional capsule robot(DFCR)for drug delivery and tissue biopsy based on magnetic torsion spring technology.The delivery module was shown to rotate the push rod with a thrust of 894 mN to release approximately 0.3 mL of semisolid drug.The biopsy module used a built-in blade to cut tissue with a shear stress of 22.87 MPa,producing a sample of approximately 1.8 mm3.Additionally,a five-degree-of-freedom permanent magnet drive system was developed.By adjusting the strength of the unidirectional magnetic field generated by an external magnet,the capsule can be wirelessly controlled to sequentially trigger the two functions.Ex vivo tests on porcine stomachs confirmed the feasibility of the prototype capsule(12 mm in diameter and 45 mm in length)in active movement,medication,and tissue biopsy.The newly developed DFCR further expands the clinical application prospects of WCE robots in minimally invasive surgery.展开更多
Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide ...Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the most common reproductive endocrine metabolic diseases.Combined use of metformin and diane-35 has better curative effect in regulating serum hormone level(LH,FSH,...Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the most common reproductive endocrine metabolic diseases.Combined use of metformin and diane-35 has better curative effect in regulating serum hormone level(LH,FSH,T and E2)than using metformin alone.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can also be used to treat PCOS.According to some studies,the combined use of metformin and diane-35 and TCM have achieved better curative effect than combining metformin and diane-35 in the treatment of patients with PCOS.Methods:Computerized searches of the science,Medline,VIP,Wan Fang and China HowNet(CNKI)databases were conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from the data obtained up to March 1,2022.The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual RCTs,and R software(version 4.0.3)was used for data statistical analysis.Results:Nine RCTs involving 1035 patients were included.Comparing to D+M,significant reduce of LH(mean difference[MD]:-1.93,95%confidence interval[CI]:-3.44,-0.42;Unit:U/L P<0.01;I2=89%)、T(MD:-1.44,95%CI-2.59,-0.30;Unit:nmol/L P<0.01;I2=98%)and significant increase of E2(MD:31.43,95%CI 24.54,38.33;Unit:pmol/L P<0.01;I2=96%)were shown in TCM+D+M.Comparing to D+M,TCM+D+M group has higher ovulation rate(RR 1.1495%CI 1.07,1.22;P=0.42;I2=0%)and higher pregnancy rate(RR 1.2995%CI 1.15,1.44;P=0.37;I2=7%).There is no significant difference between the two therapies in FSH changes(MD:-1.00,95%CI-2.27,0.28;Unit:U/L P<0.01;I2=95%).Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the Guizhi Fuling capsule group,the Kuntai capsule group had more FSH reduction and E2 increase more.In other outcome indicators,the two subgroup did not show significant differences.Conclusion:Kuntai Capsule+Diane-35+Metformin is better than Guizhi Fuling Capsule in reducing FSH,and it is also better in increasing E2.There was no significant difference between the two in LH and T hormones.There was no significant difference between Kuntai Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin and Guizhi Fuling Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin.As for the effect in lessen insulin resistance,Kuntai Capsule+Diane-35+Metformin was significantly better than Guizhi Fuling Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin.展开更多
In this letter,we comment on a recent article published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Xiao et al,where the authors aimed to use a deep learning model to automatically detect gastrointestinal lesions duri...In this letter,we comment on a recent article published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Xiao et al,where the authors aimed to use a deep learning model to automatically detect gastrointestinal lesions during capsule endoscopy(CE).CE was first presented in 2000 and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2001.The indications of CE overlap with those of regular diagnostic endoscopy.However,in clinical practice,CE is usually used to detect lesions in areas inaccessible to standard endoscopies or in cases of bleeding that might be missed during conventional endoscopy.Since the emergence of CE,many physiological and technical challenges have been faced and addressed.In this letter,we summarize the current challenges and briefly mention the proposed methods to overcome these challenges to answer a central question:Do we still need CE?展开更多
BACKGROUND Surveillance colonoscopies are predominantly normal,identifying patients for potential polypectomy is advantageous.AIM To assess colon capsule endoscopy(CCE)and/or faecal immunochemical test(FIT)as filters ...BACKGROUND Surveillance colonoscopies are predominantly normal,identifying patients for potential polypectomy is advantageous.AIM To assess colon capsule endoscopy(CCE)and/or faecal immunochemical test(FIT)as filters in surveillance.METHODS Patients aged≥18 due for polyp surveillance were invited for CCE and FIT.Identifying polyps or colorectal cancer resulted in a positive CCE.Significant lesions(≥3 polyps or≥6 mm polyps),incomplete studies and positive FITs(≥225 ng/mL)were referred for endoscopy.CCE and endoscopy results,FIT accuracy and patient preference were assessed.RESULTS From a total of 126 CCEs[mean age 64(31-80),67(53.2%)males),70.6%(89/126)were excreted,86.5%(109/126)had adequate image quality.CCE positivity was 70.6%(89/126),42.9%(54/126)having significant polyps with 63.5%(80/126)referred for endoscopy(19 sigmoidoscopies,61 colonoscopies).CCE reduced endoscopy need by 36.5%(46/126)and 51.6%(65/126)were spared a colonoscopy.CCE positive predictive value was 88.2%(45/51).Significant extracolonic findings were reported in 3.2%(4/126).Patients with positive CCEs were older>65[odds ratio(OR)=2.5,95%confidence interval(CI):1.1517-5.5787,P=0.0159],with personal history of polyps(OR=2.3,95%CI:0.9734-5.4066,P=0.045),with high/intermediate polyp surveillance risk(OR=5.4,95%CI:1.1979-24.3824,P=0.0156).Overall,5/114(4.4%)FITs were positive(range:0-1394 ng/mL,mean:54 ng/mL).Sensitivity(9.6%)and negative predictive values(20.3%)were inadequate.Receiver operating curve analysis gave a sensitivity and specificity of 26.9%and 91.7%,for FIT of 43 ng/mL.Patients preferred CCE 63.3%(76/120),with less impact on daily activities(21.7%vs 93.2%)and time off work(average days 0.9 vs 1.2,P=0.0201).CONCLUSION CCE appears effective in low-risk polyp surveillance.FIT does not appear to be of benefit in surveillance.展开更多
Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectivene...Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectiveness or environmental unfriendliness.In this work,a bio-derived shellac incorporated with polydodecyl trimethoxysilane(SL-PDTMS)capsule was developed for long-term controlled releasing urea.Due to enhanced hydrophobicity and thus water resistance,the SL-PDTMS encapsulated urea fertilizer(SPEU)demonstrated a long-term effectiveness of 60 d,compared with SL encapsulated urea fertilizer(SEU,30 d)and pure urea fertilizer(U,5 min).In addition,SPEU showed a broad pH tolerance from 5.0 to 9.0,covering most various soil pH conditions.In the pot experiments,promoted growth of maize seedlings was observed after applying SPEU,rendering it promising as a high-performance controlled-released fertilizer.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel cable-transmitted magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(CTMCE)system for upper gastrointestinal examination.Methods:Twenty-six participants(19 healthy v...Background:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel cable-transmitted magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(CTMCE)system for upper gastrointestinal examination.Methods:Twenty-six participants(19 healthy volunteers and seven patients with gastrointestinal symptoms)willing to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited.Each participant underwent CT-MCE followed by conventional gastroscopy within 24 h.Maneuverability and visibility of the CT-MCE capsule in the upper gastrointestinal tract,adverse events,and discomfort during the procedure were evaluated.The sensitivity and specificity of CT-MCE for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal lesions were evaluated using conventional gastroscopy findings as the standard.Results:Maneuverability was graded as“good”for all segments of the esophagus.The percentage of participants in which maneuverability was good according to gastric region was as follows:cardia(100.00%),pylorus(96.15%),angulus(92.31%),antrum(88.46%),fundus(84.62%),and body(73.08%).In the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum,it was good in only 20.83% and 16.67% of participants,respectively.Visibility was graded as“excellent”or“good”in the esophagus,Z line,and duodenal bulb in all participants;excellent/good visibility was achieved in the stomach and descending duodenum in 96.15% and 79.17% of participants,respectively.Forty-one lesions were detected overall.The sensitivity and specificity of CT-MCE in diagnosing upper gastrointestinal lesions were 85.00% and 98.15%,respectively.The CT-MCE capsule was successfully removed through the mouth in all participants.No serious adverse events or capsule retention occurred.Conclusions:CT-MCE showed good feasibility and safety for upper gastrointestinal examination.The system was effective in examining the esophagus and stomach with no risk of capsule retention.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prosp...OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,singlearm,open-label phase IV clinical trial.A total of 1100 patients diagnosed with cough variant asthma(CVA)and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of wind evil invading the lung and lung Qi failing to propagate were planned for recruitment.Participants received Suhuang Zhike capsule orally,three capsules per dose,taken three times daily,for a treatment duration of 14 d.The primary outcome was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline to week 2.Cough severity was assessed twice daily.Additional evaluations included the rate and time of cough disappearance or basic disappearance rate,as well as the time of cough relief.TCM symptom scores were recorded at baseline and on days 7 and 14 of treatment.Safety assessments included monitoring for adverse events and conducting laboratory tests.RESULTS:A total of 1033 patients with CVA from 40 hospitals across China were enrolled in the study.Of these,1026 patients received the study medication and were included in the safety analysis.Fifty-four patients withdrew from the study,resulting in a drop-out rate of 5.23%.Treatment with Suhuang Zhike capsules significantly reduced cough symptom scores and improved cough-related symptoms in patients with CVA.The overall rate of cough disappearance or basic disappearance increased over the course of treatment,reaching 67.21%after 14 d.The median time of cough relief was 3 d,while the median time to cough disappearance or basic disappearance was 11 d.Additionally,the treatment led to reductions in TCM symptom scores and improvements in accompanying symptoms such as throat itching,expectoration,and shortness of breath.In terms of safety,no serious adverse events were reported.The incidence of related adverse events(AEs)was 2.24%(23 cases,30 events).The incidence of adverse reactions listed in the drug's instructions was 2.14%.Other related AEs not listed in the drug's instructions occurred in 0.39%of patients and included dizziness(0.19%),headache(0.10%),pruritus(0.10%),and palpitation(0.10%).CONCLUSION:Suhuang Zhike capsules demonstrated good efficacy and safety for the treatment of CVA.These findings offer valuable clinical evidence to support their broader application in routine clinical practice.展开更多
WCE (Wireless Capsule Endoscopy) is a new technology that combines computer vision and medicine, allowing doctors to visualize the conditions inside the intestines, achieving good diagnostic results. However, due to t...WCE (Wireless Capsule Endoscopy) is a new technology that combines computer vision and medicine, allowing doctors to visualize the conditions inside the intestines, achieving good diagnostic results. However, due to the complex intestinal environment and limited pixel resolution of WCE videos, lesions are not easily detectable, and it takes an experienced doctor 1–2 h to analyze a complete WCE video. The use of computer-aided diagnostic methods, assisting or even replacing manual WCE diagnosis, has significant application value. In response to the issue of intestinal lesion detection in WCE videos, this paper proposes a multi-scale feature fusion network model TSD-YOLO based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture: (I) a Tiny Detection Layer to avoid the loss of shallow feature information for tiny-scale targets;(II) integrating a simple, parameter-free attention module (SimAM) at the neck to better extract local lesion features and fuse features;(III) incorporating a new loss function DIoU (Distance Intersection over Union) to better achieve boundary box regression for target detection. This model was validated using the WCE dataset from Kyushu University Hospital. For the dataset containing 18,000 images, the evaluation metrics of our model for 12 types of lesions, outperformed existing reported results from advanced models on this dataset, and the mAP (mean Average Precision) and precision evaluation metrics improved by 3.7% and 0.9% over the benchmark model.展开更多
This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties,disintegration,and dissolution rates of crosslinked carrageenan(CRG)capsule shells by shortening the long chains of CRG through a hydrolysis reaction with citric ac...This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties,disintegration,and dissolution rates of crosslinked carrageenan(CRG)capsule shells by shortening the long chains of CRG through a hydrolysis reaction with citric acid(CA).The hydrolysis of CRG was carried out using varying concentrations of CA,resulting in hydrolyzed CRG(HCRG).This was followed by cross-linking with xanthan gum(XG)and the addition of sorbitol(SOR)as a plasticizer.The results indicated that the optimal swelling capacity of HCRG-XG/SOR hard-shell capsules occurred at a CA concentration of 0.5%,achieving a maximum swelling rate of 445.39%after 15 min.Additionally,the best capsule hardness was alsomeasured at this CA concentration,reaching a hardness level of 480.157 g(F=4.67 N).FTIR analysis demonstrated that the presence of the acid group from CA altered the composition of the CRG chains.Furthermore,SEM-EDX mapping analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the synthesized capsules exhibited a relatively smooth texture with a limited number and size of pores,resulting in good capsule stability for drug delivery.Thein vitro disintegration and dissolution rates of theHCRG-XG/SOR capsuleswere observed to be the fastest and highest atpH1.2,respectively.The disintegration time was recorded at 20 min and 46 s,while the dissolution test indicated a drug release of 78.08%after 5min and 100%after 120 min.The drug delivery kinetics ofHCRG-XG/SOR followed the Ritger-Peppas model,indicating a complex release mechanism that involved swelling,diffusion,erosion,and capsule disintegration.展开更多
Security attributes are the premise and foundation for implementing Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)mechanisms.However,when dealing with massive volumes of unstructured text big data resources,the current attribut...Security attributes are the premise and foundation for implementing Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)mechanisms.However,when dealing with massive volumes of unstructured text big data resources,the current attribute management methods based on manual extraction face several issues,such as high costs for attribute extraction,long processing times,unstable accuracy,and poor scalability.To address these problems,this paper proposes an attribute mining technology for access control institutions based on hybrid capsule networks.This technology leverages transfer learning ideas,utilizing Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)pre-trained language models to achieve vectorization of unstructured text data resources.Furthermore,we have designed a novel end-to-end parallel hybrid network structure,where the parallel networks handle global and local information features of the text that they excel at,respectively.By employing techniques such as attention mechanisms,capsule networks,and dynamic routing,effective mining of security attributes for access control resources has been achieved.Finally,we evaluated the performance level of the proposed attribute mining method for access control institutions through experiments on the medical referral text resource dataset.The experimental results show that,compared with baseline algorithms,our method adopts a parallel network structure that can better balance global and local feature information,resulting in improved overall performance.Specifically,it achieves a comprehensive performance enhancement of 2.06%to 8.18%in the F1 score metric.Therefore,this technology can effectively provide attribute support for access control of unstructured text big data resources.展开更多
This study presents a Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)model to analyze the water landing characteristics of a reentry capsule equipped with airbag cushioning.The model employs the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)met...This study presents a Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)model to analyze the water landing characteristics of a reentry capsule equipped with airbag cushioning.The model employs the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)method to simulate the capsule’s impact with water,while the control volume method is used to model the airbag cushioning process.Additionally,both regular and irregular heading waves are incorporated to simulate the landing dynamics of the capsule-airbag system under various sea conditions.The developed FSI model is utilized to investigate the effects of initial velocity,attitude angle,and wave phase on the water landing characteristics of the capsule-airbag system under calm water,regular and irregular wave conditions.Key parameters,such as the impact force on the capsule,as well as the pressure,mass flow rate,and stress distribution within the airbags,are analyzed.The insights gained from this study provide valuable guidance for minimizing damage to personnel and equipment during maritime recovery operations.展开更多
Chiral coordination molecular cages/capsules with discrete nanoconfined chiral cavities demonstrate significant potential applications across various fields.In this study,we utilized Tr?ger's base as the building ...Chiral coordination molecular cages/capsules with discrete nanoconfined chiral cavities demonstrate significant potential applications across various fields.In this study,we utilized Tr?ger's base as the building block to design and synthesize two pairs of enantiopure ligands.These ligands were then self-assembled with Pd(II)ions through chiral self-sorting coordination,resulting in the formation of two pairs of homochiral M2L4-type coordination molecular capsules.Notably,due to differences in the substitution positions on the Tr?ger's base,these two pairs of enantiomeric coordination molecular capsules exhibited distinct levels of cavity closures,cavity sizes,and host-vip recognition properties.This research offers valuable insights into the construction of novel chiral molecular capsules and the regulation of confined cavities.展开更多
文摘AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing technique during a 1-year follow-up period.METHODS:This study included 74 eyes from 37 patients,comprising 17 males and 20 females,with a mean age of 51.74±7.80 years.Using a coin toss method,one eye per patient was randomly selected for improved anterior capsular polishing,while the other eye received standard irrigation/aspiration(I/A)polishing.The polishing group consisted of 37 eyes,including 21 right and 16 left eyes,while the control group comprised the contralateral fellow eyes of the same individuals in the polishing group.Visual acuity and quality of the patients were evaluated before surgery and at 1 wk,1,6,and 12 mo after surgery.The OPD-Scan III was utilized to assess high-order aberrations,while the optical quality analysis system(OQAS)was employed to evaluate modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),Strehl ratio(SR),and objective scatter index(OSI)for the purpose of visual quality assessment.Paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA)were utilized to compare the results,and the SNK-q post hoc test was applied to identify significant differences.RESULTS:The polishing group’s uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)significantly improved 1-week post-surgery(all P<0.05).At 12-months,UDVA,UNVA,and corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA)were better than the control group(P<0.05).The MTF cutoff,SR,OSI,and high-order aberrations in the polishing group also showed significant improvements compared to the control group at 12 mo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved capsular polishing method has been demonstrated to effectively maintain visual acuity and visual quality in patients with MIOL after FLACS within 1 a.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273102,31870957,and 52302344)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.DUT24YG155,DUT20YG103,and DUT22LAB601)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Plan Joint Plan(No.2023JH2/101700341)。
文摘Encapsulation of water-soluble cargoes in millimeter-sized capsules has enabled major advances in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,food,cosmetics,packaging,and materials.However,because of the lack of fabrication precision,low cargo retention,suboptimal mechanical properties,and difficulty in preventing water evaporation,this technique is more challenging than microencapsulation techniques.In this study,we developed a surfactant-free and organic solvent-free water-in-oil in-air emulsification approach for synthesizing double-layered“milli-capsules”for the precise encapsulation,enhanced retention,and force-triggered burst release of water-soluble bioactive cargoes.In particular,we synthesized milli-capsules with a first shell of poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)for the efficient encapsulation of bioactive cargoes and a second shell of beeswax to prolong the retention of the entrapped bioactive compounds.Unlike traditional milli-capsules,which exhibit poor shape uniformity and mechanical stability,we introduced metallic ions to stabilize the interfacial tension and employed constant rotation to balance the gravity,buoyancy,inertial,and viscous forces imposed on the droplets,resulting in uniform and rigid milli-capsules with narrow rupture forces.Furthermore,additional hydrophobic beeswax coating prevented water volatilization and substantially prolonged the shelf life of the encapsulated compounds from a few days to a few months while maintaining their bioactivities.The proposed milli-capsule system addresses the challenge of precise fabrication of large carriers for water-soluble cargoes,representing a significant step toward the long-term storage and controlled release of bioactive cargoes for various industrial applications.
文摘The return capsule of the Shenzhou-20 spaceship,carrying no astronauts,touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 9:34 a.m.(Beijing Time)on January 19,according to the China Manned Space Agency(CMSA).
文摘Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor on patients with acute cerebral infarction (Acute Cerebral Infarction) and the effect of combination therapy on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: In this study, 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in Zhuji People’s Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024 were selected and divided into two groups of 45 patients in each group. The control group used standard medical treatment, and the treatment group compared the changes of serum inflammatory factors IL-CRP, TNF-α, and Hcy with Huoxue Tongmai capsule for 7 days, 14 days and 30 days, and discussed the changes of the modified Rankin scale score (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Results: At 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days of treatment, the NIHSS score, mRS score, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and Hcy levels were statistically significant (P α, and Hcy levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Patients with acute cerebral infarction received Huoxue Tongmai capsule combined with edaravone right camphor, which can reduce the inflammatory reaction, improve the nerve function and improve the prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ24E050004)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Outstanding Youth Program(No.BK20230072)a grant from Suzhou Industrial Foresight and Key Core Technology Project(No.SYC2022044)grants from Jiangsu Qinglan Project and Jiangsu 333 High-level Talents.
文摘Wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)has the potential to fully replace conventional wired counterparts for its low invasiveness.Recent studies have attempted to expand the functions of capsules toward this goal.However,limitations in space and energy supply have resulted in the inability to perform multiple diagnostic and treatment tasks using a single capsule.In this study,we developed a dual-functional capsule robot(DFCR)for drug delivery and tissue biopsy based on magnetic torsion spring technology.The delivery module was shown to rotate the push rod with a thrust of 894 mN to release approximately 0.3 mL of semisolid drug.The biopsy module used a built-in blade to cut tissue with a shear stress of 22.87 MPa,producing a sample of approximately 1.8 mm3.Additionally,a five-degree-of-freedom permanent magnet drive system was developed.By adjusting the strength of the unidirectional magnetic field generated by an external magnet,the capsule can be wirelessly controlled to sequentially trigger the two functions.Ex vivo tests on porcine stomachs confirmed the feasibility of the prototype capsule(12 mm in diameter and 45 mm in length)in active movement,medication,and tissue biopsy.The newly developed DFCR further expands the clinical application prospects of WCE robots in minimally invasive surgery.
基金The 2022 Ministry of Education General Project for Humanities and Social Sciences Research(Grant No.22YJAZH147)the General Subject of Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Development“14th Five-Year Plan”in 2023(Grant No.2023GZYB68)+2 种基金China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund-Huatong Guokang Medical Research Special Project(Grant No.2023HT017)2024 Guangdong Province General Project for the Planning of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.GD24CGL29)the Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022WCXTD011).
文摘Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.
基金Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases (20MC1920600)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty "Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopaedic Traumatology"(shslczdzk03901)+3 种基金The Second Round of Construction Project of National TCM Academic School Inheritance Studio "Shi's Trauma Department"[Letter of the People's Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2019) No.62]Shanghai High-level Local Universities "Chronic Muscle and Bone Damage Research and Transformation" Innovation Team [No.3 of Shanghai Education Commission (2022)]Program for Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team (SZY20220315)Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Three-year Action Plan (SHDC2020CR3090B)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qigu capsule(芪骨胶囊,QGC) in the treatment of sarcopenia through network pharmacology and to verify it experimentally.METHODS:The active compounds of QGC and common targets between QGC and sarcopenia were screened from databases.Then the herbs-compounds-targets network,and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed.Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by R software.Next,we used a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia mouse model to evaluate the anti-sarcopenic mechanism of QGC.RESULTS:A total of 57 common targets of QGC and sarcopenia were obtained.Based on the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG,we took the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway as a key target to explore the mechanism of QGC on sarcopenia.Animal experiments showed that QGC could increase muscle strength and inhibit muscle fiber atrophy.In the model group,the expression of muscle ring finger-1 and Atrogin-1 were increased,while myosin heavy chain was decreased,QGC treatment reversed these changes.Moreover,compared with the model group,the expressions of pPI3K,p-Akt,p-mammalian target of rapamycin and pForkhead box O3 in the QGC group were all upregulated.CONCLUSION:QGC exerts an anti-sarcopenic effect by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
文摘Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the most common reproductive endocrine metabolic diseases.Combined use of metformin and diane-35 has better curative effect in regulating serum hormone level(LH,FSH,T and E2)than using metformin alone.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can also be used to treat PCOS.According to some studies,the combined use of metformin and diane-35 and TCM have achieved better curative effect than combining metformin and diane-35 in the treatment of patients with PCOS.Methods:Computerized searches of the science,Medline,VIP,Wan Fang and China HowNet(CNKI)databases were conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from the data obtained up to March 1,2022.The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual RCTs,and R software(version 4.0.3)was used for data statistical analysis.Results:Nine RCTs involving 1035 patients were included.Comparing to D+M,significant reduce of LH(mean difference[MD]:-1.93,95%confidence interval[CI]:-3.44,-0.42;Unit:U/L P<0.01;I2=89%)、T(MD:-1.44,95%CI-2.59,-0.30;Unit:nmol/L P<0.01;I2=98%)and significant increase of E2(MD:31.43,95%CI 24.54,38.33;Unit:pmol/L P<0.01;I2=96%)were shown in TCM+D+M.Comparing to D+M,TCM+D+M group has higher ovulation rate(RR 1.1495%CI 1.07,1.22;P=0.42;I2=0%)and higher pregnancy rate(RR 1.2995%CI 1.15,1.44;P=0.37;I2=7%).There is no significant difference between the two therapies in FSH changes(MD:-1.00,95%CI-2.27,0.28;Unit:U/L P<0.01;I2=95%).Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the Guizhi Fuling capsule group,the Kuntai capsule group had more FSH reduction and E2 increase more.In other outcome indicators,the two subgroup did not show significant differences.Conclusion:Kuntai Capsule+Diane-35+Metformin is better than Guizhi Fuling Capsule in reducing FSH,and it is also better in increasing E2.There was no significant difference between the two in LH and T hormones.There was no significant difference between Kuntai Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin and Guizhi Fuling Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin.As for the effect in lessen insulin resistance,Kuntai Capsule+Diane-35+Metformin was significantly better than Guizhi Fuling Capsules+Diane-35+Metformin.
文摘In this letter,we comment on a recent article published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Xiao et al,where the authors aimed to use a deep learning model to automatically detect gastrointestinal lesions during capsule endoscopy(CE).CE was first presented in 2000 and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2001.The indications of CE overlap with those of regular diagnostic endoscopy.However,in clinical practice,CE is usually used to detect lesions in areas inaccessible to standard endoscopies or in cases of bleeding that might be missed during conventional endoscopy.Since the emergence of CE,many physiological and technical challenges have been faced and addressed.In this letter,we summarize the current challenges and briefly mention the proposed methods to overcome these challenges to answer a central question:Do we still need CE?
文摘BACKGROUND Surveillance colonoscopies are predominantly normal,identifying patients for potential polypectomy is advantageous.AIM To assess colon capsule endoscopy(CCE)and/or faecal immunochemical test(FIT)as filters in surveillance.METHODS Patients aged≥18 due for polyp surveillance were invited for CCE and FIT.Identifying polyps or colorectal cancer resulted in a positive CCE.Significant lesions(≥3 polyps or≥6 mm polyps),incomplete studies and positive FITs(≥225 ng/mL)were referred for endoscopy.CCE and endoscopy results,FIT accuracy and patient preference were assessed.RESULTS From a total of 126 CCEs[mean age 64(31-80),67(53.2%)males),70.6%(89/126)were excreted,86.5%(109/126)had adequate image quality.CCE positivity was 70.6%(89/126),42.9%(54/126)having significant polyps with 63.5%(80/126)referred for endoscopy(19 sigmoidoscopies,61 colonoscopies).CCE reduced endoscopy need by 36.5%(46/126)and 51.6%(65/126)were spared a colonoscopy.CCE positive predictive value was 88.2%(45/51).Significant extracolonic findings were reported in 3.2%(4/126).Patients with positive CCEs were older>65[odds ratio(OR)=2.5,95%confidence interval(CI):1.1517-5.5787,P=0.0159],with personal history of polyps(OR=2.3,95%CI:0.9734-5.4066,P=0.045),with high/intermediate polyp surveillance risk(OR=5.4,95%CI:1.1979-24.3824,P=0.0156).Overall,5/114(4.4%)FITs were positive(range:0-1394 ng/mL,mean:54 ng/mL).Sensitivity(9.6%)and negative predictive values(20.3%)were inadequate.Receiver operating curve analysis gave a sensitivity and specificity of 26.9%and 91.7%,for FIT of 43 ng/mL.Patients preferred CCE 63.3%(76/120),with less impact on daily activities(21.7%vs 93.2%)and time off work(average days 0.9 vs 1.2,P=0.0201).CONCLUSION CCE appears effective in low-risk polyp surveillance.FIT does not appear to be of benefit in surveillance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278415 and 52225309)Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.027GJHZ2022033GC).
文摘Environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers are highly desired in sustainable agriculture.Encapsulating fertilizers can routinely achieve controlled releasing performances but suffers from short-term effectiveness or environmental unfriendliness.In this work,a bio-derived shellac incorporated with polydodecyl trimethoxysilane(SL-PDTMS)capsule was developed for long-term controlled releasing urea.Due to enhanced hydrophobicity and thus water resistance,the SL-PDTMS encapsulated urea fertilizer(SPEU)demonstrated a long-term effectiveness of 60 d,compared with SL encapsulated urea fertilizer(SEU,30 d)and pure urea fertilizer(U,5 min).In addition,SPEU showed a broad pH tolerance from 5.0 to 9.0,covering most various soil pH conditions.In the pot experiments,promoted growth of maize seedlings was observed after applying SPEU,rendering it promising as a high-performance controlled-released fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFC0120303)and was sponsored by the Beijing Nova Program(20240484678).
文摘Background:To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel cable-transmitted magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(CTMCE)system for upper gastrointestinal examination.Methods:Twenty-six participants(19 healthy volunteers and seven patients with gastrointestinal symptoms)willing to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited.Each participant underwent CT-MCE followed by conventional gastroscopy within 24 h.Maneuverability and visibility of the CT-MCE capsule in the upper gastrointestinal tract,adverse events,and discomfort during the procedure were evaluated.The sensitivity and specificity of CT-MCE for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal lesions were evaluated using conventional gastroscopy findings as the standard.Results:Maneuverability was graded as“good”for all segments of the esophagus.The percentage of participants in which maneuverability was good according to gastric region was as follows:cardia(100.00%),pylorus(96.15%),angulus(92.31%),antrum(88.46%),fundus(84.62%),and body(73.08%).In the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum,it was good in only 20.83% and 16.67% of participants,respectively.Visibility was graded as“excellent”or“good”in the esophagus,Z line,and duodenal bulb in all participants;excellent/good visibility was achieved in the stomach and descending duodenum in 96.15% and 79.17% of participants,respectively.Forty-one lesions were detected overall.The sensitivity and specificity of CT-MCE in diagnosing upper gastrointestinal lesions were 85.00% and 98.15%,respectively.The CT-MCE capsule was successfully removed through the mouth in all participants.No serious adverse events or capsule retention occurred.Conclusions:CT-MCE showed good feasibility and safety for upper gastrointestinal examination.The system was effective in examining the esophagus and stomach with no risk of capsule retention.
基金Supported by the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Hundred Million"Talent Project(Qihuang Project)(2019-QTL-003)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy characteristics of Suhuang Zhike capsule(苏黄止咳颗粒)and evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions in its broad clinical application.METHODS:This was a multicenter,prospective,singlearm,open-label phase IV clinical trial.A total of 1100 patients diagnosed with cough variant asthma(CVA)and the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome of wind evil invading the lung and lung Qi failing to propagate were planned for recruitment.Participants received Suhuang Zhike capsule orally,three capsules per dose,taken three times daily,for a treatment duration of 14 d.The primary outcome was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline to week 2.Cough severity was assessed twice daily.Additional evaluations included the rate and time of cough disappearance or basic disappearance rate,as well as the time of cough relief.TCM symptom scores were recorded at baseline and on days 7 and 14 of treatment.Safety assessments included monitoring for adverse events and conducting laboratory tests.RESULTS:A total of 1033 patients with CVA from 40 hospitals across China were enrolled in the study.Of these,1026 patients received the study medication and were included in the safety analysis.Fifty-four patients withdrew from the study,resulting in a drop-out rate of 5.23%.Treatment with Suhuang Zhike capsules significantly reduced cough symptom scores and improved cough-related symptoms in patients with CVA.The overall rate of cough disappearance or basic disappearance increased over the course of treatment,reaching 67.21%after 14 d.The median time of cough relief was 3 d,while the median time to cough disappearance or basic disappearance was 11 d.Additionally,the treatment led to reductions in TCM symptom scores and improvements in accompanying symptoms such as throat itching,expectoration,and shortness of breath.In terms of safety,no serious adverse events were reported.The incidence of related adverse events(AEs)was 2.24%(23 cases,30 events).The incidence of adverse reactions listed in the drug's instructions was 2.14%.Other related AEs not listed in the drug's instructions occurred in 0.39%of patients and included dizziness(0.19%),headache(0.10%),pruritus(0.10%),and palpitation(0.10%).CONCLUSION:Suhuang Zhike capsules demonstrated good efficacy and safety for the treatment of CVA.These findings offer valuable clinical evidence to support their broader application in routine clinical practice.
文摘WCE (Wireless Capsule Endoscopy) is a new technology that combines computer vision and medicine, allowing doctors to visualize the conditions inside the intestines, achieving good diagnostic results. However, due to the complex intestinal environment and limited pixel resolution of WCE videos, lesions are not easily detectable, and it takes an experienced doctor 1–2 h to analyze a complete WCE video. The use of computer-aided diagnostic methods, assisting or even replacing manual WCE diagnosis, has significant application value. In response to the issue of intestinal lesion detection in WCE videos, this paper proposes a multi-scale feature fusion network model TSD-YOLO based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) architecture: (I) a Tiny Detection Layer to avoid the loss of shallow feature information for tiny-scale targets;(II) integrating a simple, parameter-free attention module (SimAM) at the neck to better extract local lesion features and fuse features;(III) incorporating a new loss function DIoU (Distance Intersection over Union) to better achieve boundary box regression for target detection. This model was validated using the WCE dataset from Kyushu University Hospital. For the dataset containing 18,000 images, the evaluation metrics of our model for 12 types of lesions, outperformed existing reported results from advanced models on this dataset, and the mAP (mean Average Precision) and precision evaluation metrics improved by 3.7% and 0.9% over the benchmark model.
基金funded through the Penelitian Unggulan Halal,Airlangga University FY 2024 grant number:987/UN3/2024.
文摘This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties,disintegration,and dissolution rates of crosslinked carrageenan(CRG)capsule shells by shortening the long chains of CRG through a hydrolysis reaction with citric acid(CA).The hydrolysis of CRG was carried out using varying concentrations of CA,resulting in hydrolyzed CRG(HCRG).This was followed by cross-linking with xanthan gum(XG)and the addition of sorbitol(SOR)as a plasticizer.The results indicated that the optimal swelling capacity of HCRG-XG/SOR hard-shell capsules occurred at a CA concentration of 0.5%,achieving a maximum swelling rate of 445.39%after 15 min.Additionally,the best capsule hardness was alsomeasured at this CA concentration,reaching a hardness level of 480.157 g(F=4.67 N).FTIR analysis demonstrated that the presence of the acid group from CA altered the composition of the CRG chains.Furthermore,SEM-EDX mapping analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the synthesized capsules exhibited a relatively smooth texture with a limited number and size of pores,resulting in good capsule stability for drug delivery.Thein vitro disintegration and dissolution rates of theHCRG-XG/SOR capsuleswere observed to be the fastest and highest atpH1.2,respectively.The disintegration time was recorded at 20 min and 46 s,while the dissolution test indicated a drug release of 78.08%after 5min and 100%after 120 min.The drug delivery kinetics ofHCRG-XG/SOR followed the Ritger-Peppas model,indicating a complex release mechanism that involved swelling,diffusion,erosion,and capsule disintegration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62102449).
文摘Security attributes are the premise and foundation for implementing Attribute-Based Access Control(ABAC)mechanisms.However,when dealing with massive volumes of unstructured text big data resources,the current attribute management methods based on manual extraction face several issues,such as high costs for attribute extraction,long processing times,unstable accuracy,and poor scalability.To address these problems,this paper proposes an attribute mining technology for access control institutions based on hybrid capsule networks.This technology leverages transfer learning ideas,utilizing Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)pre-trained language models to achieve vectorization of unstructured text data resources.Furthermore,we have designed a novel end-to-end parallel hybrid network structure,where the parallel networks handle global and local information features of the text that they excel at,respectively.By employing techniques such as attention mechanisms,capsule networks,and dynamic routing,effective mining of security attributes for access control resources has been achieved.Finally,we evaluated the performance level of the proposed attribute mining method for access control institutions through experiments on the medical referral text resource dataset.The experimental results show that,compared with baseline algorithms,our method adopts a parallel network structure that can better balance global and local feature information,resulting in improved overall performance.Specifically,it achieves a comprehensive performance enhancement of 2.06%to 8.18%in the F1 score metric.Therefore,this technology can effectively provide attribute support for access control of unstructured text big data resources.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent,Landing,and Ascent(EDLA),CASC,China(No.EDL19092208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NZ2024039).
文摘This study presents a Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)model to analyze the water landing characteristics of a reentry capsule equipped with airbag cushioning.The model employs the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)method to simulate the capsule’s impact with water,while the control volume method is used to model the airbag cushioning process.Additionally,both regular and irregular heading waves are incorporated to simulate the landing dynamics of the capsule-airbag system under various sea conditions.The developed FSI model is utilized to investigate the effects of initial velocity,attitude angle,and wave phase on the water landing characteristics of the capsule-airbag system under calm water,regular and irregular wave conditions.Key parameters,such as the impact force on the capsule,as well as the pressure,mass flow rate,and stress distribution within the airbags,are analyzed.The insights gained from this study provide valuable guidance for minimizing damage to personnel and equipment during maritime recovery operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271164)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNankai University(NKU)。
文摘Chiral coordination molecular cages/capsules with discrete nanoconfined chiral cavities demonstrate significant potential applications across various fields.In this study,we utilized Tr?ger's base as the building block to design and synthesize two pairs of enantiopure ligands.These ligands were then self-assembled with Pd(II)ions through chiral self-sorting coordination,resulting in the formation of two pairs of homochiral M2L4-type coordination molecular capsules.Notably,due to differences in the substitution positions on the Tr?ger's base,these two pairs of enantiomeric coordination molecular capsules exhibited distinct levels of cavity closures,cavity sizes,and host-vip recognition properties.This research offers valuable insights into the construction of novel chiral molecular capsules and the regulation of confined cavities.
