Gynandromorphs,rare in vertebrates,exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment.This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respect...Gynandromorphs,rare in vertebrates,exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment.This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respective roles of genes and hormones in sex determination.We accidently obtained a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch with a male-female chimeric appearance but only with an ovary-like gonad.Its plasma estradiol was significantly higher than that of age-matched females,and its sexual partner preference was also feminine.Although it did not sing like males,its calls showed masculinization.In the brain on one side of the body with male plumage,the area of song motor nucleus,the robust nucleus of the arcopallium(RA),and the excitatory synaptic transmission of RA projection neurons showed masculinization.Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to cholinergic neuron function were significantly upregulated in the masculinized side of brain.Moreover,there were extensive and consistent expression differences of neuroactive substance receptor genes in both sides of body,indicating that cell-autonomous determination plays a key role in sex dimorphism of neuromodulation.展开更多
首次报道印氏卵翅蝗Caryanda yini Mao et Ren,2006的一例偏雄性间性体。该个体总体特征为雄性,特别是雄性外生殖器发育完全,雄性下生殖板锥形,但出现了一些典型的雌性特征:前翅棕色、腹部两侧棕色、第十腹节背板后缘无尾片、肛上板三...首次报道印氏卵翅蝗Caryanda yini Mao et Ren,2006的一例偏雄性间性体。该个体总体特征为雄性,特别是雄性外生殖器发育完全,雄性下生殖板锥形,但出现了一些典型的雌性特征:前翅棕色、腹部两侧棕色、第十腹节背板后缘无尾片、肛上板三角形、尾须顶端直;腹内有一条线形动物寄生,未见性腺。推测该间性体的形成可能与线形动物的寄生有关。展开更多
The paradigm, still around in textbooks, that ＇in insects sex is strictly genetic, thus that they do not have sex hormones＇, is mainly based on a wrong interpretation of the ＇gynandromorph argument＇. It is no long...The paradigm, still around in textbooks, that ＇in insects sex is strictly genetic, thus that they do not have sex hormones＇, is mainly based on a wrong interpretation of the ＇gynandromorph argument＇. It is no longer tenable. Given the fact that vertebrates and invertebrates probably had a common, sexually reproducing ancestor, there is no reason to assume that only vertebrates need sex hormones. The major function of sex hormones is to inform the somatoplasm about developmental changes that take place in the gonads. In contrast to juvenile hormone and neuropeptides, ecdysteroids meet all criteria to act as sex hormones, which was probably their ancient role. Their much better documented role in moulting and metamorphosis was a secondary acquisition that enabled arthropods to cope with growth problems, imposed by a rigid cuticle. Female insects use 20-hydroxyecdysone （20E）, secreted by the follicle cells of the ovary, in a similar way as females of egg-laying vertebrates use estrogens. For a variety of reasons, the possibility that ecdysteroids, in particular ecdysone （E）, might also act as sex hormones in male insects, thus as the counterpart of testosterone of vertebrates, has been very much overlooked. Thanks to the recent discovery of the molecular basis of the haploid-diploid system of sex determination in the honeybee, the characterization of Halloween genes, proteomics, RNAi and so on, it now becomes possible to verify whether in insects, as with vertebrates, males are the endocrinologically default gender form.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160123 and 32170974)Jiangxi Provincial Key Project of Natural Science Foundation(20212ACB205002)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules(2024SSY05141)。
文摘Gynandromorphs,rare in vertebrates,exhibit distinct sex-determining gene expression on each side of the body despite sharing a uniform hormonal environment.This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the respective roles of genes and hormones in sex determination.We accidently obtained a gynandromorphic Zebra Finch with a male-female chimeric appearance but only with an ovary-like gonad.Its plasma estradiol was significantly higher than that of age-matched females,and its sexual partner preference was also feminine.Although it did not sing like males,its calls showed masculinization.In the brain on one side of the body with male plumage,the area of song motor nucleus,the robust nucleus of the arcopallium(RA),and the excitatory synaptic transmission of RA projection neurons showed masculinization.Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to cholinergic neuron function were significantly upregulated in the masculinized side of brain.Moreover,there were extensive and consistent expression differences of neuroactive substance receptor genes in both sides of body,indicating that cell-autonomous determination plays a key role in sex dimorphism of neuromodulation.
基金supported mainly bby the Innovation Program in the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and partially by Public Welfare Project from the Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No. 200803006)~~
文摘首次报道印氏卵翅蝗Caryanda yini Mao et Ren,2006的一例偏雄性间性体。该个体总体特征为雄性,特别是雄性外生殖器发育完全,雄性下生殖板锥形,但出现了一些典型的雌性特征:前翅棕色、腹部两侧棕色、第十腹节背板后缘无尾片、肛上板三角形、尾须顶端直;腹内有一条线形动物寄生,未见性腺。推测该间性体的形成可能与线形动物的寄生有关。
文摘The paradigm, still around in textbooks, that ＇in insects sex is strictly genetic, thus that they do not have sex hormones＇, is mainly based on a wrong interpretation of the ＇gynandromorph argument＇. It is no longer tenable. Given the fact that vertebrates and invertebrates probably had a common, sexually reproducing ancestor, there is no reason to assume that only vertebrates need sex hormones. The major function of sex hormones is to inform the somatoplasm about developmental changes that take place in the gonads. In contrast to juvenile hormone and neuropeptides, ecdysteroids meet all criteria to act as sex hormones, which was probably their ancient role. Their much better documented role in moulting and metamorphosis was a secondary acquisition that enabled arthropods to cope with growth problems, imposed by a rigid cuticle. Female insects use 20-hydroxyecdysone （20E）, secreted by the follicle cells of the ovary, in a similar way as females of egg-laying vertebrates use estrogens. For a variety of reasons, the possibility that ecdysteroids, in particular ecdysone （E）, might also act as sex hormones in male insects, thus as the counterpart of testosterone of vertebrates, has been very much overlooked. Thanks to the recent discovery of the molecular basis of the haploid-diploid system of sex determination in the honeybee, the characterization of Halloween genes, proteomics, RNAi and so on, it now becomes possible to verify whether in insects, as with vertebrates, males are the endocrinologically default gender form.
