To analyze the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a medium-sized mechanically ventilated gymnasium in Beijing,a field study was carried out. PHOENICS,one of the CFD software,was chosen to simulate the dis...To analyze the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a medium-sized mechanically ventilated gymnasium in Beijing,a field study was carried out. PHOENICS,one of the CFD software,was chosen to simulate the distribution of the indicators of indoor air in the gymnasium to check the air-conditioning parameters reasonable or not. And there was a questionnaire for audiences and staff about the acceptance and satisfaction of the thermal comfort,simultaneously,some environmental parameters were monitored. Then an experiment was carried out in gymnasium with the plate sedimentation to the biological aerosol in the air. Finally,the thermal comfort and IAQ in the gymnasium were assessed based on the results of above questionnaire survey and measurements. The results show that most parameters of the environmental are within the standard limits of thermal comfort and IAQ in the monitored period,and the biological contaminants initially come from human beings. The main species in the gymnasium are streptobacillus,coccus,cladosporium,penicillium and neurospora.展开更多
A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention ...A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.展开更多
Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas ...Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in 2005, 2011, and 2016 through Google Earth in order to draw the map of land use status in three time nodes. We then analyze the degree of mixing and equilibrium, intensity of development of land, and land use patterns of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station with indexes including the area proportion of land use patterns, information entropy, and degree of equilibrium within a 1,000-m radius centered on the station, so as to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of land around the station in different time nodes. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the development of rail transit has not significantly contributed to the boom of commerce and the development of the old city of Chengdu. We also analyze land use changes in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of space, and find that land use patterns in areas around commuter stations seem to be more complicated than that of the average station, and land use patterns in areas around Huaxiba Station and Nijiaqiao Station on Line 1, which opened first, are more complicated than that of Moziqiao Station and Yiguanmiao Station on Line 3. The original land use patterns formed in the old city often determine the selection of rail transit routes and rail transit stations. Adaptive stations do not play a decisive role in land use patterns in their surrounding areas, but have some impact on the plot ratio and building height of land for commercial use within the core area of the stations.展开更多
With the progress of new trends of society, gymnasium, the most important part in Chinese sports facility, can not only meet the needs of physical exercise of students, but also provide a favorable place for social we...With the progress of new trends of society, gymnasium, the most important part in Chinese sports facility, can not only meet the needs of physical exercise of students, but also provide a favorable place for social welfare development. But due to the influence of traditional management methods, some problems are still seen in the process of operation of university gymnasiums in china, which restricts the overall development of our country＇s sports enterprise. Therefore, this paper probes into the study on disadvantageous existed conditions and analyzes the operation strategies and management strategies of university gymnasiums on the basis of their characteristics and advantages.展开更多
In recent years, China has paid attention to the college expansion plan, and people have attached importance not to only students＇ academic performance, but also their quality and extracurricular activities. At this ...In recent years, China has paid attention to the college expansion plan, and people have attached importance not to only students＇ academic performance, but also their quality and extracurricular activities. At this point, all kinds of activities for college students have been widely concerned. Students in ordinary universities almost exercise in the gymnasium, which requires optimizing the management mode of gymnasium construction. In the process of university gymnasium management, it needs building effectively according to the requirements of college students＇ activities, ensuring a better activity space for college students. At this point, it is necessary for relevant management personnel to focus on the management, and make perfect management mode, so as to ensure the better optimal management system. This paper proposes measures to build the university gymnasium management mode through the analysis of the university gymnasium management mode problems, in order to offer reference for management personnel.展开更多
The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at colleg...The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at college are educated. The purpose of the research was to prepare an assessment of the situation and recommendations to gymnasiums on how to improve the situation in this field and what options and opportunities appear for schools and the media environment in which they are active. Special attention was paid to the situation of activities （extracurricular activities and optional subjects） related to multimedia production and uses of ICT （information-communication technology）.展开更多
This work proposed an architectural alternative project of a stainless steel roof structure that uses roof tiles also in stainless steel with emphasis on roofs for multi-sport gymnasiums.In the development of the work...This work proposed an architectural alternative project of a stainless steel roof structure that uses roof tiles also in stainless steel with emphasis on roofs for multi-sport gymnasiums.In the development of the work,two existing multi-sports gymnasiums are taken as a reference,but with ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)A36 steel roof structure.The proposed cover system uses cables and light gauge profiles,in commercial stainless steel,which reduces the weight and of course the final price of the roof structure.A structure that presents technical feasibility is obtained and analyzed by checking its behavior with respect to the efforts and displacements generated by the combinations of the acting loads,following the safety recommendations of the applicable standard.It is verified that using the stainless steel structure proposed in this work would cost 42%of the reference structure if this were in AISI(American Iron and Steel Institute)304 stainless steel.And this cost tends to be minimized due to greater durability and consequent reduction in maintenance costs of this type of steel.展开更多
The thermal environment and thermal comfort of a building are greatly affected by the desig n of the build ing interface form. Most con temporary architectural designs con sider only the relations between architectura...The thermal environment and thermal comfort of a building are greatly affected by the desig n of the build ing interface form. Most con temporary architectural designs con sider only the relations between architectural form and architectural beauty. Few studies on the correlati on of architectural form and thermal comfort address the in flue nee of architectural form on thermal comfort and thermal environment. These studies are particularly important for gymnasium architectures located in hot and humid areas, which have high requirements for thermal comfort. This paper presents an experimental investigati on and an an alysis of the effect of the building in terface form of gymnasiums on thermal comfort in hot and humid subtropical regions during summer. Results showed that the influence of the top interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly dominated by the mea n radiant temperature, which could be con trolled to improve thermal comfort. The in fluence of side interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly domi nated by air velocity, and thermal comfort could be improved by promoting natural ventilation on the side interface form design to reduce indoor heat. This research enhanced our understanding of the relation between the in terface form and the thermal comfort of gymnasiums. In addition, this paper provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable design of gymnasiums in hot and humid climates.展开更多
The proper control over the reverberation times is of vital importance to acoustic design of large-sized gymnasium. In the projects discussed in this paper gratifying reverberation times have been obtained by employin...The proper control over the reverberation times is of vital importance to acoustic design of large-sized gymnasium. In the projects discussed in this paper gratifying reverberation times have been obtained by employing space absorbers suspended under the exposed space frame and strong absorbing structures mounted on the side walls. Some suggestions concerning acoustic design of large-sized gymnasia and natatoria are made on the basis of the practical experience gained from the projects.展开更多
Navier-Stokes equations are solved to simulate a gymnasium fire. The equations are simpli- fied by weakly compressible low Mach number as- sumption. Turbulence effect is simulated using Smagorinsky large eddy simulati...Navier-Stokes equations are solved to simulate a gymnasium fire. The equations are simpli- fied by weakly compressible low Mach number as- sumption. Turbulence effect is simulated using Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES) model. The mixture fraction combustion model is adopted to simulate the burning process. With the analysis of computed velocity and temperature field, two impor- tant phenomena, named door effect and smoke plug-holing, are found to be responsible for the dete- rioration of smoke exhaust efficiency when natural ventilation or forced ventilation is present. Some ex- planations are made to elucidate these effects’ mechanism. An improved design of smoke ventilation system is suggested.展开更多
基金Project(2006BAJ02A10) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘To analyze the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a medium-sized mechanically ventilated gymnasium in Beijing,a field study was carried out. PHOENICS,one of the CFD software,was chosen to simulate the distribution of the indicators of indoor air in the gymnasium to check the air-conditioning parameters reasonable or not. And there was a questionnaire for audiences and staff about the acceptance and satisfaction of the thermal comfort,simultaneously,some environmental parameters were monitored. Then an experiment was carried out in gymnasium with the plate sedimentation to the biological aerosol in the air. Finally,the thermal comfort and IAQ in the gymnasium were assessed based on the results of above questionnaire survey and measurements. The results show that most parameters of the environmental are within the standard limits of thermal comfort and IAQ in the monitored period,and the biological contaminants initially come from human beings. The main species in the gymnasium are streptobacillus,coccus,cladosporium,penicillium and neurospora.
基金Project(50978063) supported by the National Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-09-0082) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese UniversitiesProject(121072) supported by the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China
文摘A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.
文摘Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in 2005, 2011, and 2016 through Google Earth in order to draw the map of land use status in three time nodes. We then analyze the degree of mixing and equilibrium, intensity of development of land, and land use patterns of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station with indexes including the area proportion of land use patterns, information entropy, and degree of equilibrium within a 1,000-m radius centered on the station, so as to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of land around the station in different time nodes. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the development of rail transit has not significantly contributed to the boom of commerce and the development of the old city of Chengdu. We also analyze land use changes in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of space, and find that land use patterns in areas around commuter stations seem to be more complicated than that of the average station, and land use patterns in areas around Huaxiba Station and Nijiaqiao Station on Line 1, which opened first, are more complicated than that of Moziqiao Station and Yiguanmiao Station on Line 3. The original land use patterns formed in the old city often determine the selection of rail transit routes and rail transit stations. Adaptive stations do not play a decisive role in land use patterns in their surrounding areas, but have some impact on the plot ratio and building height of land for commercial use within the core area of the stations.
文摘With the progress of new trends of society, gymnasium, the most important part in Chinese sports facility, can not only meet the needs of physical exercise of students, but also provide a favorable place for social welfare development. But due to the influence of traditional management methods, some problems are still seen in the process of operation of university gymnasiums in china, which restricts the overall development of our country＇s sports enterprise. Therefore, this paper probes into the study on disadvantageous existed conditions and analyzes the operation strategies and management strategies of university gymnasiums on the basis of their characteristics and advantages.
文摘In recent years, China has paid attention to the college expansion plan, and people have attached importance not to only students＇ academic performance, but also their quality and extracurricular activities. At this point, all kinds of activities for college students have been widely concerned. Students in ordinary universities almost exercise in the gymnasium, which requires optimizing the management mode of gymnasium construction. In the process of university gymnasium management, it needs building effectively according to the requirements of college students＇ activities, ensuring a better activity space for college students. At this point, it is necessary for relevant management personnel to focus on the management, and make perfect management mode, so as to ensure the better optimal management system. This paper proposes measures to build the university gymnasium management mode through the analysis of the university gymnasium management mode problems, in order to offer reference for management personnel.
文摘The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at college are educated. The purpose of the research was to prepare an assessment of the situation and recommendations to gymnasiums on how to improve the situation in this field and what options and opportunities appear for schools and the media environment in which they are active. Special attention was paid to the situation of activities （extracurricular activities and optional subjects） related to multimedia production and uses of ICT （information-communication technology）.
文摘This work proposed an architectural alternative project of a stainless steel roof structure that uses roof tiles also in stainless steel with emphasis on roofs for multi-sport gymnasiums.In the development of the work,two existing multi-sports gymnasiums are taken as a reference,but with ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)A36 steel roof structure.The proposed cover system uses cables and light gauge profiles,in commercial stainless steel,which reduces the weight and of course the final price of the roof structure.A structure that presents technical feasibility is obtained and analyzed by checking its behavior with respect to the efforts and displacements generated by the combinations of the acting loads,following the safety recommendations of the applicable standard.It is verified that using the stainless steel structure proposed in this work would cost 42%of the reference structure if this were in AISI(American Iron and Steel Institute)304 stainless steel.And this cost tends to be minimized due to greater durability and consequent reduction in maintenance costs of this type of steel.
文摘The thermal environment and thermal comfort of a building are greatly affected by the desig n of the build ing interface form. Most con temporary architectural designs con sider only the relations between architectural form and architectural beauty. Few studies on the correlati on of architectural form and thermal comfort address the in flue nee of architectural form on thermal comfort and thermal environment. These studies are particularly important for gymnasium architectures located in hot and humid areas, which have high requirements for thermal comfort. This paper presents an experimental investigati on and an an alysis of the effect of the building in terface form of gymnasiums on thermal comfort in hot and humid subtropical regions during summer. Results showed that the influence of the top interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly dominated by the mea n radiant temperature, which could be con trolled to improve thermal comfort. The in fluence of side interface forms on thermal comfort is mainly domi nated by air velocity, and thermal comfort could be improved by promoting natural ventilation on the side interface form design to reduce indoor heat. This research enhanced our understanding of the relation between the in terface form and the thermal comfort of gymnasiums. In addition, this paper provides a theoretical reference for the sustainable design of gymnasiums in hot and humid climates.
文摘The proper control over the reverberation times is of vital importance to acoustic design of large-sized gymnasium. In the projects discussed in this paper gratifying reverberation times have been obtained by employing space absorbers suspended under the exposed space frame and strong absorbing structures mounted on the side walls. Some suggestions concerning acoustic design of large-sized gymnasia and natatoria are made on the basis of the practical experience gained from the projects.
文摘Navier-Stokes equations are solved to simulate a gymnasium fire. The equations are simpli- fied by weakly compressible low Mach number as- sumption. Turbulence effect is simulated using Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES) model. The mixture fraction combustion model is adopted to simulate the burning process. With the analysis of computed velocity and temperature field, two impor- tant phenomena, named door effect and smoke plug-holing, are found to be responsible for the dete- rioration of smoke exhaust efficiency when natural ventilation or forced ventilation is present. Some ex- planations are made to elucidate these effects’ mechanism. An improved design of smoke ventilation system is suggested.
