GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCA...GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCAPS （derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence） marker on the basis of the sequence difference between functional and nonfunctional GW2 genes to analyze the genotypes and phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines. Results showed that the sequence of GW2To7~ had a single nucleotide deletion at site 316 that generates a termination codon. This codon terminated the GW2 protein in advance. By contrast, the sequence of GW2Kasalath encoded an intact protein. A novel dCAPS marker was designed in accordance with a base A deletion at site 316 of the sequence. After the PCR product was digested by Apol, TD70 showed 21 and 30 bp fragments, and Kasalath showed a 51 bp fragment. Up to 82 lines contained GW2TDTO, and 158 lines contained GW2Kasalath. The lines that contained TD70 alleles displayed substantial increases in width and 1000-grain weight. This result suggested that GW2 played a critical role in rice breeding.展开更多
Objective. To evaluate usability, accuracy, and hypoglycemia detection of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer (GW2B) in children aged 1 to 17 years. Methods. After a 15-hour study of device accuracy, 46 children (15 < 7 y...Objective. To evaluate usability, accuracy, and hypoglycemia detection of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer (GW2B) in children aged 1 to 17 years. Methods. After a 15-hour study of device accuracy, 46 children (15 < 7 years, 31 ≥7 years) with type 1 diabetes were enrolled for an extended-wear outcome study: 2 daytime and 2 nighttime 15-hr wear periods each week and blood glucose monitoring 4 times daily for 3 months. Results. A total of 531 paired GW2B/meter readings were available for accuracy assessment. The correlation coefficients were 0.58 and 0.74 (ages< 7 and ≥7 years, respectively). There was no significant change in hemoglobin A1C or weight-adjusted insulin dose at 3 months after biographer use. Forty-two episodes of hypoglycemia were detected by the GW2B, 33 of which were confirmed by blood glucose meters. Sensitivity and specificity of audible low-glucose alerts were ～79%and 83%, respectively. No significant side effects were reported. Conclusion. The GW2B is usable and safe in children who are < 7 years or older in the home setting. The GW2B can detect asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia in younger children.展开更多
Regulation of seed size is a key strategy for improving crop yield and is also a basic biological question.However,the molecular mechanisms by which plants determine their seed size remain elusive.Here,we report that ...Regulation of seed size is a key strategy for improving crop yield and is also a basic biological question.However,the molecular mechanisms by which plants determine their seed size remain elusive.Here,we report that the GW2-WG1-OsbZIP47 regulatory module controls grain width and weight in rice.WG1,which encodes a glutaredoxin protein,promotes grain growth by increasing cell proliferation.Interestingly,WG1 interacts with the transcription factor OsbZIP47 and represses its transcriptional activity by associating with the transcriptional co-repressor ASP1,indicating that WG1 may act as an adaptor protein to recruit the transcriptional co-repressor.In contrary,OsbZIP47 restricts grain growth by decreasing cell proliferation.Further studies reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase GW2 ubiquitinates WG1 and targets it for degradation.Genetic analyses confirm that GW2,WG1,and OsbZIP47 function in a comm on pathway to control grain growth.Taken together,ourfindi ngs reveal a genetic and molecular framework for the control of grain size and weight by the GW2-WG1-OsbZIP47 regulatory module,providing new targets for improving seed size and weight in crops.展开更多
Grain size is one of the most important agronomic components of grain yield. Grain length, width and thickness are controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. To understand genetic basis of large grain sh...Grain size is one of the most important agronomic components of grain yield. Grain length, width and thickness are controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. To understand genetic basis of large grain shape and explore the beneficial alleles for grain size improvement, we perform QTL analysis using an F2 population derived from a cross between the japonica variety Beilu 129 （BL129, wide and thick grain） and the elite indica variety Huazhan （HZ, narrow and long grain）. A total number of eight major QTLs are detected on three different chromosomes. QTLs for grain width （qGW）, grain thickness （qGT）, brown grain width （qBGW）, and brown grain thickness （qBGT） explained 77.67, 36.24, 89.63, and 39.41% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. The large grain rice variety BL129 possesses the beneficial alleles of GW2 and qSW5/ GW5, which have been known to control grain width and weight, indicating that the accumulation of the beneficial alleles causes large grain shape in BL129. Further results reveal that the rare gw2 allele from BL129 increases grain width, thickness and weight of the elite indica variety Huazhan, which is used as a parental line in hybrid rice breeding. Thus, our findings will help breeders to carry out molecular design breeding on rice grain size and shape.展开更多
[Objective] This research aimed at constructing two gateway-compatible plant expression vectors for functional genomics of abiotic stress in tomato.[Method] pK2GW7I was generated from the plant expression vector pK2GW...[Objective] This research aimed at constructing two gateway-compatible plant expression vectors for functional genomics of abiotic stress in tomato.[Method] pK2GW7I was generated from the plant expression vector pK2GW7,0 by replacing the CaMV 35S promoter with abiotic-stress inducible plant promoter pRD29A,which was derived from the promoter of Arabidopsis gene RD29A.pKGW121 was generated by replacing the CaMV 35S of the plant expression vector pRD410 with the gateway recombinant cassette(attR1-cmR-ccdB-attR2)from pK2GW7,0.Constitutive and root-specific promoters were tested on pKGW121.[Result] Two gateway-compatible destination vectors,pK2GW7I and pKGW121,were successfully constructed;practicability test proved that pKGW121 was applicable for promoter analysis.[Conclusion] With the incorporation of gateway cloning technology or abiotic-stress inducible promoter,pKGW121 and pK2GW7I will be promising in large-scale investigation of tomato functional genes associated with various abiotic stresses.A high-throughput workflow for the construction of plant transformation vector was proposed and validated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31271678)the Jiangsu Agricultural Scientific Self-Innovation Fund (Grant No.CX[12]1003)Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.BE2013301)
文摘GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCAPS （derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence） marker on the basis of the sequence difference between functional and nonfunctional GW2 genes to analyze the genotypes and phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines. Results showed that the sequence of GW2To7~ had a single nucleotide deletion at site 316 that generates a termination codon. This codon terminated the GW2 protein in advance. By contrast, the sequence of GW2Kasalath encoded an intact protein. A novel dCAPS marker was designed in accordance with a base A deletion at site 316 of the sequence. After the PCR product was digested by Apol, TD70 showed 21 and 30 bp fragments, and Kasalath showed a 51 bp fragment. Up to 82 lines contained GW2TDTO, and 158 lines contained GW2Kasalath. The lines that contained TD70 alleles displayed substantial increases in width and 1000-grain weight. This result suggested that GW2 played a critical role in rice breeding.
文摘Objective. To evaluate usability, accuracy, and hypoglycemia detection of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer (GW2B) in children aged 1 to 17 years. Methods. After a 15-hour study of device accuracy, 46 children (15 < 7 years, 31 ≥7 years) with type 1 diabetes were enrolled for an extended-wear outcome study: 2 daytime and 2 nighttime 15-hr wear periods each week and blood glucose monitoring 4 times daily for 3 months. Results. A total of 531 paired GW2B/meter readings were available for accuracy assessment. The correlation coefficients were 0.58 and 0.74 (ages< 7 and ≥7 years, respectively). There was no significant change in hemoglobin A1C or weight-adjusted insulin dose at 3 months after biographer use. Forty-two episodes of hypoglycemia were detected by the GW2B, 33 of which were confirmed by blood glucose meters. Sensitivity and specificity of audible low-glucose alerts were ～79%and 83%, respectively. No significant side effects were reported. Conclusion. The GW2B is usable and safe in children who are < 7 years or older in the home setting. The GW2B can detect asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia in younger children.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3181101602 to Y.L,91735302 to Y.L.,3187080209 to N.L.,91735304 to Q.Q.,31571742 to D.W.)the strategic priority research program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27010102)+3 种基金the National Basic Researoh Program of China(2018YFD1000706-10 to R.X.,2016YFD0100501 to N.L.,2016YFD0100402 to P.D.,2016YFD0100401 to D.W.,2017YFD0101701 to R.X.)the National Ten-Thousand Talents Program of China to Y.LI.the Youth innovation promotion association CAS to P.D.(2019102)the National Special Project(2016ZX08009003-003).
文摘Regulation of seed size is a key strategy for improving crop yield and is also a basic biological question.However,the molecular mechanisms by which plants determine their seed size remain elusive.Here,we report that the GW2-WG1-OsbZIP47 regulatory module controls grain width and weight in rice.WG1,which encodes a glutaredoxin protein,promotes grain growth by increasing cell proliferation.Interestingly,WG1 interacts with the transcription factor OsbZIP47 and represses its transcriptional activity by associating with the transcriptional co-repressor ASP1,indicating that WG1 may act as an adaptor protein to recruit the transcriptional co-repressor.In contrary,OsbZIP47 restricts grain growth by decreasing cell proliferation.Further studies reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase GW2 ubiquitinates WG1 and targets it for degradation.Genetic analyses confirm that GW2,WG1,and OsbZIP47 function in a comm on pathway to control grain growth.Taken together,ourfindi ngs reveal a genetic and molecular framework for the control of grain size and weight by the GW2-WG1-OsbZIP47 regulatory module,providing new targets for improving seed size and weight in crops.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CBA01401)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA08020108)the Platform Construction Programs of Key Laboratory and Engineering Technology Research Center,Department of Science and Technology of Hainan Province,China(ZDZX2013023)
文摘Grain size is one of the most important agronomic components of grain yield. Grain length, width and thickness are controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. To understand genetic basis of large grain shape and explore the beneficial alleles for grain size improvement, we perform QTL analysis using an F2 population derived from a cross between the japonica variety Beilu 129 （BL129, wide and thick grain） and the elite indica variety Huazhan （HZ, narrow and long grain）. A total number of eight major QTLs are detected on three different chromosomes. QTLs for grain width （qGW）, grain thickness （qGT）, brown grain width （qBGW）, and brown grain thickness （qBGT） explained 77.67, 36.24, 89.63, and 39.41% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. The large grain rice variety BL129 possesses the beneficial alleles of GW2 and qSW5/ GW5, which have been known to control grain width and weight, indicating that the accumulation of the beneficial alleles causes large grain shape in BL129. Further results reveal that the rare gw2 allele from BL129 increases grain width, thickness and weight of the elite indica variety Huazhan, which is used as a parental line in hybrid rice breeding. Thus, our findings will help breeders to carry out molecular design breeding on rice grain size and shape.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(30771461)the Wuhan Chenguang Program of Hubei Provicne of China(20055003059-24)
文摘[Objective] This research aimed at constructing two gateway-compatible plant expression vectors for functional genomics of abiotic stress in tomato.[Method] pK2GW7I was generated from the plant expression vector pK2GW7,0 by replacing the CaMV 35S promoter with abiotic-stress inducible plant promoter pRD29A,which was derived from the promoter of Arabidopsis gene RD29A.pKGW121 was generated by replacing the CaMV 35S of the plant expression vector pRD410 with the gateway recombinant cassette(attR1-cmR-ccdB-attR2)from pK2GW7,0.Constitutive and root-specific promoters were tested on pKGW121.[Result] Two gateway-compatible destination vectors,pK2GW7I and pKGW121,were successfully constructed;practicability test proved that pKGW121 was applicable for promoter analysis.[Conclusion] With the incorporation of gateway cloning technology or abiotic-stress inducible promoter,pKGW121 and pK2GW7I will be promising in large-scale investigation of tomato functional genes associated with various abiotic stresses.A high-throughput workflow for the construction of plant transformation vector was proposed and validated.
