This paper studies the continuous prisoner's dilemma games (CPDG) on Barabasi-Albert (BA) networks.In the model,each agent on a vertex of the networks makes an investment and interacts with all of his neighboring ...This paper studies the continuous prisoner's dilemma games (CPDG) on Barabasi-Albert (BA) networks.In the model,each agent on a vertex of the networks makes an investment and interacts with all of his neighboring agents.Making an investment is costly,but which benefits its neighboring agents,where benefit and cost depend on the level of investment made.The payoff of each agent is given by the sum of payoffs it receives in its interactions with all its neighbors.Not only payoff,individual's guilty emotion in the games has also been considered.The negative guilty emotion produced in comparing with its neighbors can reduce the utility of individuals directly.We assume that the reduction amount depends on the individual's degree and a baseline level parameter.The group's cooperative level is characterized by the average investment of the population.Each player makes his investment in the next step based on a convex combination of the investment of his best neighbors in the last step,his best history strategies in the latest steps which number is controlled by a memory length parameter,and a uniformly distributed random number.Simulation results show that this degree-dependent guilt mechanism can promote the evolution of cooperation dramatically comparing with degree-independent guilt or no guilt cases.Imitation,memory,uncertainty coefficients and network structure also play determinant roles in the cooperation level of the population.All our results may shed some new light on studying the evolution of cooperation based on network reciprocity mechanisms.展开更多
Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter and Henry Hurstwood in Sister Carrie have little in common in passion,guilt and death though they follow almost the same pathroad of life.From the comparison between them——the...Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter and Henry Hurstwood in Sister Carrie have little in common in passion,guilt and death though they follow almost the same pathroad of life.From the comparison between them——their different beliefs,social environments and author's different ideas,we know that the differences under the almost same surface makes literature more colorful which enriches our life.展开更多
Babylon Revisited is F.Scott Fitzgerald's most renowned and most considered work of short fiction.In the short story "Babylon Revisited,"F.Scott Fitzgerald generally centers on a theme of defining Americ...Babylon Revisited is F.Scott Fitzgerald's most renowned and most considered work of short fiction.In the short story "Babylon Revisited,"F.Scott Fitzgerald generally centers on a theme of defining American character.The central figure in Babylon Revisited,Charlie Wales,serves as the lens through which readers observe the events of the story and the life that once thrived in Paris.The controversial questions are also explained in this paper.展开更多
In a materialistic social context,resorting to corruption to achieve one’s self is a behavioral scheme by members of organizations.The strong positive valence accorded to this phenomenon makes it necessary to wonder ...In a materialistic social context,resorting to corruption to achieve one’s self is a behavioral scheme by members of organizations.The strong positive valence accorded to this phenomenon makes it necessary to wonder about how to bring the corrupters to become aware of the criminal character of corruption?Based on a study carried out with 500 Cameroonian civil servants,it is a matter,after having detected the level of awareness of the criminal nature of corruption,of detecting the factors behind this state of affairs and developing a strategy aimed at triggering the guilt of staff in the face of acts of corruption.展开更多
The paper proposes to investigate feelings of guilt, love, and forgiveness as Hare＇s The Reader （2009）. It will focus on Hare＇s selection of detail in his they manifest themselves in David screenplay The Reader; a...The paper proposes to investigate feelings of guilt, love, and forgiveness as Hare＇s The Reader （2009）. It will focus on Hare＇s selection of detail in his they manifest themselves in David screenplay The Reader; a dramatic adaptation of Bernhard Schlink＇s novel of 1995. This will involve comparing the novel to the dramatic text for the purpose of showing the movement from narrative to dramatic rendering. The paper aspires to reach the conclusion that Hare＇s screenplay, The Reader creates a world of signification where the interplay of guilt, love, and forgiveness shape the textual and stage space. Read in light of Shoshana Felman＇s The Juridical Unconscious （2002）, the play investigates the traumatic history of Nazi Germany with scope for analysis of guilt and forgiveness and the possibility of atonement through love and literature. The focus of the paper will be on the ideological and formal structure of the play and its impact on meanings and interpretations.展开更多
Mindfulness plays an important role in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTSS)and promoting posttraumatic growth(PTG)among traumatized populations.However,the mechanism at the emotional level has not been fully ...Mindfulness plays an important role in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTSS)and promoting posttraumatic growth(PTG)among traumatized populations.However,the mechanism at the emotional level has not been fully examined.Thus,we aimed to investigate the possible mediating roles of trauma-related shame and guilt.A total of 814 college students(M_(age)=19.55,SD=1.89)with traumatic experiences in China were recruited.Traumatic experiences,mindfulness,trauma-related shame,and trauma-related guilt were assessed in the first survey.Six months later,PTSS and PTG were assessed in the second survey.Structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis indicated that mindfulness was associated with less PTSS through shame and guilt.However,though directly associated with more PTG,mindfulness could also negatively predict PTG by evoking less guilt.Mindfulness can be a way to cope with traumatic experiences and related psychological consequences.However,although mindfulness can reduce PTSS by suppressing negative trauma-related shame and guilt,it can also limit the realization of PTG by inhibiting the adaptive sides of these emotions.展开更多
This paper studies short sellers' trading strategies and their effects on the financial market by examining their accusations of fraud against Chinese reverse merger firms(CRMs) in the US. We find that short selle...This paper studies short sellers' trading strategies and their effects on the financial market by examining their accusations of fraud against Chinese reverse merger firms(CRMs) in the US. We find that short sellers rely on firms' fundamental information, especially relative financial indicators, to locate their "prey." Specifically, they compare a target firm's financial indicators(e.g., growth and receivables) with both the industry average and the firm's history. We find no evidence that short sellers accuse CRMs simply because of their reverse merger label. Additionally, we test the accuracy of short sellers' accusations in the long run and find that accused firms are more likely to delist and less likely to recover from price plunges. Our results also indicate that CRMs' high exposure to short sellers' accusations stem from adverse selection problems: firms with high litigation risk are more likely to choose reverse mergers to access the US capital market. Overall, our results support the view that short sellers are sophisticated investors and shed some light on their decision processes.展开更多
As the number of immigration and their later generations grow in the workforce of more developed Western countries, understanding the processes and consequences of acculturation has gained a new level of importance. A...As the number of immigration and their later generations grow in the workforce of more developed Western countries, understanding the processes and consequences of acculturation has gained a new level of importance. An old and re-emerging issue is the morality and reparative behavior in Western versus Eastern cultures, as well as its antecedents and consequences. We examined the effects of acculturation on the perception of psychological proximity, the intensity of moral emotions of shame and guilt, and the degree of compensation to victims of one＇s wrongdoing. Our sample was comprised of a collectivistic group from a shame culture, China, and an acculturated group of Chinese living in a much less collectivistic society of a guilt culture, Canada. Our results indicated that participants＇ perception of psychological proximity to other people and the level of compensation offered to the victims of transgression were significantly different among the two samples. Furthermore, shame and guilt mediated the relationship between perceived psychological proximity and the decision to compensate differently.展开更多
The association between primary psychopathic traits and non-cooperative behaviors is well-identified.There is a lack of studies on how to motivate cooperative behaviors in individuals with primary psychopathic traits....The association between primary psychopathic traits and non-cooperative behaviors is well-identified.There is a lack of studies on how to motivate cooperative behaviors in individuals with primary psychopathic traits.This study investigated the effects of monetary incentives and social incentives on promoting cooperation in healthy adults with varying primary psychopathic traits.Participants played a one-shot public goods game(PGG)with other anonymous players in three different contexts:a social incentives context where participants’decisions would be judged by others,a monetary incentives context where participants’decisions would result in winning or losing money depending on their contributions,and a control condition where no additional incentives were implemented.We found that,compared to the control condition,both monetary and social incentives significantly improved participants’contributions to the public project-an indicator of cooperative behavior.However,the association between higher primary psychopathic traits and less cooperation was only observed in the context of social incentives.Computational modeling further revealed that this effect can be explained by the diminishing guilt aversion when participants deliberately violated their inferred expectations of themselves from others’perspectives.This study found that social incentives can encourage cooperative behaviors in non-clinical psychopathy,and identified the mental processes navigating this effect.展开更多
The present study examined the relationships between bullying,trauma-related guilt,traumarelated shame,and prosocial behaviors.We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the intern...The present study examined the relationships between bullying,trauma-related guilt,traumarelated shame,and prosocial behaviors.We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the internal mechanism between bullying,prosocial behaviors,and the probable mediating effects of trauma-related guilt and shame.The results suggested that bullying negatively predicted prosocial behaviors and that trauma-related guilt played a positive mediating role.In contrast,trauma-related shame played a negative mediating role in the relationship between bullying and prosocial behaviors.These findings indicated that traumarelated guilt and shame played adaptive and maladaptive roles after bullying victimization,which also provided a theoretical basis for the relevant intervention.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71071119 and 60574071supported by Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process (Wuhan University of Science and Technology)
文摘This paper studies the continuous prisoner's dilemma games (CPDG) on Barabasi-Albert (BA) networks.In the model,each agent on a vertex of the networks makes an investment and interacts with all of his neighboring agents.Making an investment is costly,but which benefits its neighboring agents,where benefit and cost depend on the level of investment made.The payoff of each agent is given by the sum of payoffs it receives in its interactions with all its neighbors.Not only payoff,individual's guilty emotion in the games has also been considered.The negative guilty emotion produced in comparing with its neighbors can reduce the utility of individuals directly.We assume that the reduction amount depends on the individual's degree and a baseline level parameter.The group's cooperative level is characterized by the average investment of the population.Each player makes his investment in the next step based on a convex combination of the investment of his best neighbors in the last step,his best history strategies in the latest steps which number is controlled by a memory length parameter,and a uniformly distributed random number.Simulation results show that this degree-dependent guilt mechanism can promote the evolution of cooperation dramatically comparing with degree-independent guilt or no guilt cases.Imitation,memory,uncertainty coefficients and network structure also play determinant roles in the cooperation level of the population.All our results may shed some new light on studying the evolution of cooperation based on network reciprocity mechanisms.
文摘Arthur Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter and Henry Hurstwood in Sister Carrie have little in common in passion,guilt and death though they follow almost the same pathroad of life.From the comparison between them——their different beliefs,social environments and author's different ideas,we know that the differences under the almost same surface makes literature more colorful which enriches our life.
文摘Babylon Revisited is F.Scott Fitzgerald's most renowned and most considered work of short fiction.In the short story "Babylon Revisited,"F.Scott Fitzgerald generally centers on a theme of defining American character.The central figure in Babylon Revisited,Charlie Wales,serves as the lens through which readers observe the events of the story and the life that once thrived in Paris.The controversial questions are also explained in this paper.
文摘In a materialistic social context,resorting to corruption to achieve one’s self is a behavioral scheme by members of organizations.The strong positive valence accorded to this phenomenon makes it necessary to wonder about how to bring the corrupters to become aware of the criminal character of corruption?Based on a study carried out with 500 Cameroonian civil servants,it is a matter,after having detected the level of awareness of the criminal nature of corruption,of detecting the factors behind this state of affairs and developing a strategy aimed at triggering the guilt of staff in the face of acts of corruption.
文摘The paper proposes to investigate feelings of guilt, love, and forgiveness as Hare＇s The Reader （2009）. It will focus on Hare＇s selection of detail in his they manifest themselves in David screenplay The Reader; a dramatic adaptation of Bernhard Schlink＇s novel of 1995. This will involve comparing the novel to the dramatic text for the purpose of showing the movement from narrative to dramatic rendering. The paper aspires to reach the conclusion that Hare＇s screenplay, The Reader creates a world of signification where the interplay of guilt, love, and forgiveness shape the textual and stage space. Read in light of Shoshana Felman＇s The Juridical Unconscious （2002）, the play investigates the traumatic history of Nazi Germany with scope for analysis of guilt and forgiveness and the possibility of atonement through love and literature. The focus of the paper will be on the ideological and formal structure of the play and its impact on meanings and interpretations.
基金The Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China,Grant/Award Number:22YJC190023。
文摘Mindfulness plays an important role in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTSS)and promoting posttraumatic growth(PTG)among traumatized populations.However,the mechanism at the emotional level has not been fully examined.Thus,we aimed to investigate the possible mediating roles of trauma-related shame and guilt.A total of 814 college students(M_(age)=19.55,SD=1.89)with traumatic experiences in China were recruited.Traumatic experiences,mindfulness,trauma-related shame,and trauma-related guilt were assessed in the first survey.Six months later,PTSS and PTG were assessed in the second survey.Structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis indicated that mindfulness was associated with less PTSS through shame and guilt.However,though directly associated with more PTG,mindfulness could also negatively predict PTG by evoking less guilt.Mindfulness can be a way to cope with traumatic experiences and related psychological consequences.However,although mindfulness can reduce PTSS by suppressing negative trauma-related shame and guilt,it can also limit the realization of PTG by inhibiting the adaptive sides of these emotions.
文摘This paper studies short sellers' trading strategies and their effects on the financial market by examining their accusations of fraud against Chinese reverse merger firms(CRMs) in the US. We find that short sellers rely on firms' fundamental information, especially relative financial indicators, to locate their "prey." Specifically, they compare a target firm's financial indicators(e.g., growth and receivables) with both the industry average and the firm's history. We find no evidence that short sellers accuse CRMs simply because of their reverse merger label. Additionally, we test the accuracy of short sellers' accusations in the long run and find that accused firms are more likely to delist and less likely to recover from price plunges. Our results also indicate that CRMs' high exposure to short sellers' accusations stem from adverse selection problems: firms with high litigation risk are more likely to choose reverse mergers to access the US capital market. Overall, our results support the view that short sellers are sophisticated investors and shed some light on their decision processes.
文摘As the number of immigration and their later generations grow in the workforce of more developed Western countries, understanding the processes and consequences of acculturation has gained a new level of importance. An old and re-emerging issue is the morality and reparative behavior in Western versus Eastern cultures, as well as its antecedents and consequences. We examined the effects of acculturation on the perception of psychological proximity, the intensity of moral emotions of shame and guilt, and the degree of compensation to victims of one＇s wrongdoing. Our sample was comprised of a collectivistic group from a shame culture, China, and an acculturated group of Chinese living in a much less collectivistic society of a guilt culture, Canada. Our results indicated that participants＇ perception of psychological proximity to other people and the level of compensation offered to the victims of transgression were significantly different among the two samples. Furthermore, shame and guilt mediated the relationship between perceived psychological proximity and the decision to compensate differently.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32271092 and 32130045Major Project of National Social Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:19ZDA363。
文摘The association between primary psychopathic traits and non-cooperative behaviors is well-identified.There is a lack of studies on how to motivate cooperative behaviors in individuals with primary psychopathic traits.This study investigated the effects of monetary incentives and social incentives on promoting cooperation in healthy adults with varying primary psychopathic traits.Participants played a one-shot public goods game(PGG)with other anonymous players in three different contexts:a social incentives context where participants’decisions would be judged by others,a monetary incentives context where participants’decisions would result in winning or losing money depending on their contributions,and a control condition where no additional incentives were implemented.We found that,compared to the control condition,both monetary and social incentives significantly improved participants’contributions to the public project-an indicator of cooperative behavior.However,the association between higher primary psychopathic traits and less cooperation was only observed in the context of social incentives.Computational modeling further revealed that this effect can be explained by the diminishing guilt aversion when participants deliberately violated their inferred expectations of themselves from others’perspectives.This study found that social incentives can encourage cooperative behaviors in non-clinical psychopathy,and identified the mental processes navigating this effect.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2020NTSS02。
文摘The present study examined the relationships between bullying,trauma-related guilt,traumarelated shame,and prosocial behaviors.We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the internal mechanism between bullying,prosocial behaviors,and the probable mediating effects of trauma-related guilt and shame.The results suggested that bullying negatively predicted prosocial behaviors and that trauma-related guilt played a positive mediating role.In contrast,trauma-related shame played a negative mediating role in the relationship between bullying and prosocial behaviors.These findings indicated that traumarelated guilt and shame played adaptive and maladaptive roles after bullying victimization,which also provided a theoretical basis for the relevant intervention.
