The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in hi...The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.展开更多
籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg...籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg1成熟颖壳外表皮纵向细胞数目增加,横向细胞数目减少且细胞宽度变窄,表明NLG1基因可能通过调控颖壳细胞的增殖和扩展影响籽粒大小。结合基因组重测序和MutMap分析,将候选基因定位为LOC_Os09g27590(即已报道的GS9),该基因编码一个结构域功能未知的蛋白。在nlg1突变体中,GS9基因第一个外显子插入一个碱基C,导致移码突变和蛋白翻译提前终止。遗传互补实验证实NLG1基因能够恢复nlg1突变体的表型。因此,本研究鉴定了一个新的GS9等位突变,为深入解析GS9调控籽粒大小的分子机制提供了新线索,同时为水稻分子设计育种提供了重要的基因资源和理论依据。展开更多
本文阐述"Gs SS 3+9"英语教学模式的产生背景、内容以及意义,认为教师应结合课堂和生活实际,在课前、课内、课后三个阶段努力挖掘"生态""美观""实用"三个元素,在课堂上的"九步教学"...本文阐述"Gs SS 3+9"英语教学模式的产生背景、内容以及意义,认为教师应结合课堂和生活实际,在课前、课内、课后三个阶段努力挖掘"生态""美观""实用"三个元素,在课堂上的"九步教学"环节中落实三元素,对"story"和"song"进行创作、实践和研究,为学生提供一个欢快愉悦的学习环境。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971914)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100501)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2018357)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20200045)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(18)1001)the Jiangsu PAPD Talent Project,and the Yong Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2018QNRC001).
文摘The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.
文摘籽粒大小是水稻产量的关键决定因素之一,挖掘调控水稻籽粒大小的基因并解析其分子机制,对水稻精准育种具有重要意义。本研究通过EMS诱变粳稻品种ZH11,获得一个籽粒变窄变长的突变体nlg1(narrow and long grain 1)。扫描电镜观察发现nlg1成熟颖壳外表皮纵向细胞数目增加,横向细胞数目减少且细胞宽度变窄,表明NLG1基因可能通过调控颖壳细胞的增殖和扩展影响籽粒大小。结合基因组重测序和MutMap分析,将候选基因定位为LOC_Os09g27590(即已报道的GS9),该基因编码一个结构域功能未知的蛋白。在nlg1突变体中,GS9基因第一个外显子插入一个碱基C,导致移码突变和蛋白翻译提前终止。遗传互补实验证实NLG1基因能够恢复nlg1突变体的表型。因此,本研究鉴定了一个新的GS9等位突变,为深入解析GS9调控籽粒大小的分子机制提供了新线索,同时为水稻分子设计育种提供了重要的基因资源和理论依据。
