Grain size is one of key agronomic traits associated with grain yield and grain quality. Both major quantitative trait loci GS3 and GL3.1 play a predominant role in negative regulation of grain size. In this study, a ...Grain size is one of key agronomic traits associated with grain yield and grain quality. Both major quantitative trait loci GS3 and GL3.1 play a predominant role in negative regulation of grain size. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing system was used to simultaneously edit GS3 and GL3.1 in a typical japonica rice Nipponbare. In T1 generation, we found that gs3 formed slender grain with lower chalkiness percentage, while gs3gl3.1 produced larger grain with higher chalkiness percentage. In terms of other agronomic traits, flag leaf size, grain number and grain yield of both gs3 and gs3gl3.1 mutants were affected. It is noteworthy that gs3 and gs3gl3.1 mutants both led to dramatical reduction of grain number, thereby decreased grain yield. In conclusion, these results indicated that knockout of GS3 and GL3.1 could rapidly improve grain size, but probably have some negative influences on grain quality and grain yield.展开更多
籽粒的大小和形状是影响水稻产量和稻米品质的主要性状。在基因GS3序列分析的基础上,对该基因第2外显子A/C和第5外显子13 bp Indel的2个变异位点分别开发功能标记,并将其用于294份水稻微核心种质和2007—2013年江苏省审定的65份粳稻品...籽粒的大小和形状是影响水稻产量和稻米品质的主要性状。在基因GS3序列分析的基础上,对该基因第2外显子A/C和第5外显子13 bp Indel的2个变异位点分别开发功能标记,并将其用于294份水稻微核心种质和2007—2013年江苏省审定的65份粳稻品种的基因型鉴定。研究结果表明,第2外显子的A/C变异在籼粳亚种中有着相似的分布频率,并且都对粒长、粒厚和长宽比有极显著的影响。相对于基因型C而言,基因型A在籼粳亚种中都有更长的粒长、更薄的粒厚和更大的长宽比。但是第5外显子的13 bp缺失变异只在粳稻中极低频率(0.74%)出现,属于稀有变异类型,比13 bp插入变异有着更短的粒长和更小的长宽比。这些研究结果为水稻产量和品质育种中充分利用基因GS3的优异等位基因奠定了基础。展开更多
This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either wi...This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either with increasing levels of Exendin-4(0.0-200μM)or with Exendin-4(at its IC50)in the presence or absence of EX-527(10μM/a selective SIRT1 inhibitor)or Exendin-4(9-39)amide(E(9-39)A)(1μM/an Exendin-4 antagonist).In a dose-dependent manner,Exendin-4 inhibited cell survival,but enhanced levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)in both HT29 and HCT116.In both cell lines and at it has an IC50(45μM for HT29 and 35μM for HCT1165),Exendin-4 also significantly reduced cell survival,migration,and invasion of both cell types,with no effect on the expression GLP-1 receptors(GLPRs)nor of the activity of Akt.At these doses,Exendin-4 also increased the expression of SIRT1 but reduced the acetylation of NF-κB and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and in both cell lines.Concomitantly,protein levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9),total and acetylatedβ-catenin,and Anix2 were significantly decreased,but levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9)and p-β-catenin(Ser33/37/Thr41)were significantly increased in both HT29 and HCT116-exendin-4 treated cells.All the effects exerted by Exendin-4 were completely prevented by Ex527 or E(9-39)A.In conclusion,Exendin-4 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 and HCT116 CRC cell activation of GS3Kβ-induced inhibition ofβ-catenin and NF-κβin a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.展开更多
文摘水稻粒型是影响产量的一个重要因素,为挖掘和利用野生稻中粒型相关基因并解析其功能机制,本研究以尼瓦拉野生稻(Oryza nivara)为供体亲本,粳稻品种‘滇粳优1号’(DJY1)为轮回亲本,构建了一个极小粒近等基因系NIL-J155。图位克隆获得了尼瓦拉野生稻中负调控籽粒大小的GS3基因的一个新的单倍型,命名为GS3-N(GS3 from O.nivara)。GS3-N定位在细胞膜,且在不同生长阶段的不同组织中均有表达。序列分析表明,小粒单倍型GS3-NJ155第5个外显子处有312 bp的插入和缺失,其编码的蛋白含有植物特有的器官大小调控区(OSR)和跨膜结构域,而大粒单倍型GS3-NDJY1由于第2个外显子处的无义突变,导致编码蛋白只含有部分OSR结构域。进一步的研究表明,在J155背景下分别敲除OSR和跨膜结构域都能显著增加其粒长和粒重,过表达植株则表现粒长明显变短,株高降低,穗长变短,证明GS3-N可能具有一因多效的作用。本研究结果表明作为调控粒长的负调节子,GS3-N编码蛋白和转录表达水平的差异是引起J155和DJY1粒型差异的原因,这不仅为水稻粒型驯化机制提供新的理论基础,还将为现代水稻栽培种提供更多的粒型遗传资源。
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31521064 and 31961143016)Technological Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAASASTIP-2013-CNRRI)+2 种基金Major Transgenic Projects of China(Grant No.2016ZX08001-002)National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFD0101801)the Natural Science Foundation of Innovation Research Group(Grant No.31521064)。
文摘Grain size is one of key agronomic traits associated with grain yield and grain quality. Both major quantitative trait loci GS3 and GL3.1 play a predominant role in negative regulation of grain size. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing system was used to simultaneously edit GS3 and GL3.1 in a typical japonica rice Nipponbare. In T1 generation, we found that gs3 formed slender grain with lower chalkiness percentage, while gs3gl3.1 produced larger grain with higher chalkiness percentage. In terms of other agronomic traits, flag leaf size, grain number and grain yield of both gs3 and gs3gl3.1 mutants were affected. It is noteworthy that gs3 and gs3gl3.1 mutants both led to dramatical reduction of grain number, thereby decreased grain yield. In conclusion, these results indicated that knockout of GS3 and GL3.1 could rapidly improve grain size, but probably have some negative influences on grain quality and grain yield.
文摘籽粒的大小和形状是影响水稻产量和稻米品质的主要性状。在基因GS3序列分析的基础上,对该基因第2外显子A/C和第5外显子13 bp Indel的2个变异位点分别开发功能标记,并将其用于294份水稻微核心种质和2007—2013年江苏省审定的65份粳稻品种的基因型鉴定。研究结果表明,第2外显子的A/C变异在籼粳亚种中有着相似的分布频率,并且都对粒长、粒厚和长宽比有极显著的影响。相对于基因型C而言,基因型A在籼粳亚种中都有更长的粒长、更薄的粒厚和更大的长宽比。但是第5外显子的13 bp缺失变异只在粳稻中极低频率(0.74%)出现,属于稀有变异类型,比13 bp插入变异有着更短的粒长和更小的长宽比。这些研究结果为水稻产量和品质育种中充分利用基因GS3的优异等位基因奠定了基础。
基金the deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Abha,KSA for supporting this work under grant number(R.G.P.2/80/41)the work was supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number(TURSP-2020/99)Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia and this work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program.
文摘This study examined if the anti-tumorigenesis effect of Exendin-4 in HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer(CRC)involves modulation of SIRT1 and Akt/GSR3K/β-catenin/NF-κB axis.HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated either with increasing levels of Exendin-4(0.0-200μM)or with Exendin-4(at its IC50)in the presence or absence of EX-527(10μM/a selective SIRT1 inhibitor)or Exendin-4(9-39)amide(E(9-39)A)(1μM/an Exendin-4 antagonist).In a dose-dependent manner,Exendin-4 inhibited cell survival,but enhanced levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)in both HT29 and HCT116.In both cell lines and at it has an IC50(45μM for HT29 and 35μM for HCT1165),Exendin-4 also significantly reduced cell survival,migration,and invasion of both cell types,with no effect on the expression GLP-1 receptors(GLPRs)nor of the activity of Akt.At these doses,Exendin-4 also increased the expression of SIRT1 but reduced the acetylation of NF-κB and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and in both cell lines.Concomitantly,protein levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9),total and acetylatedβ-catenin,and Anix2 were significantly decreased,but levels of p-GS3Kβ(Ser9)and p-β-catenin(Ser33/37/Thr41)were significantly increased in both HT29 and HCT116-exendin-4 treated cells.All the effects exerted by Exendin-4 were completely prevented by Ex527 or E(9-39)A.In conclusion,Exendin-4 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 and HCT116 CRC cell activation of GS3Kβ-induced inhibition ofβ-catenin and NF-κβin a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.
