Patulin(PAT)is a harmful mycotoxin that poses a serious threat to food safety,highlighting the urgent need for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly detoxification methods.This study identified a n...Patulin(PAT)is a harmful mycotoxin that poses a serious threat to food safety,highlighting the urgent need for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly detoxification methods.This study identified a novel PAT-degrading enzyme,Glutaredoxin GRX3(GRX3)for the first time.Molecular docking results indicated that PAT stably binds to the hydrophobic cavity of GRX3.Key GRX3 residues interact with PAT through hydrogen bonds.Biochemical analyses revealed that GRX3 is highly active at moderate temperatures(28-45℃)and nearneutral pH and functions via glutathione(GSH)-dependent and thiol-mediated mechanisms.LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that GRX3 catalyzed the PAT ring opening,converting it into E-ascladiol,which exhibited significantly reduced toxicity.In practical applications,GRX3 effectively degrades PAT in both freshly prepared and commercially available fruit juices,achieving nearly 100%degradation within 24 h in fresh juice.Overall,this study reveals a novel GSH-dependent detoxification pathway for PAT and establishes a strong mechanistic and practical application of GRX3 in agricultural products and food safety control.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472804 and 32472414).
文摘Patulin(PAT)is a harmful mycotoxin that poses a serious threat to food safety,highlighting the urgent need for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly detoxification methods.This study identified a novel PAT-degrading enzyme,Glutaredoxin GRX3(GRX3)for the first time.Molecular docking results indicated that PAT stably binds to the hydrophobic cavity of GRX3.Key GRX3 residues interact with PAT through hydrogen bonds.Biochemical analyses revealed that GRX3 is highly active at moderate temperatures(28-45℃)and nearneutral pH and functions via glutathione(GSH)-dependent and thiol-mediated mechanisms.LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that GRX3 catalyzed the PAT ring opening,converting it into E-ascladiol,which exhibited significantly reduced toxicity.In practical applications,GRX3 effectively degrades PAT in both freshly prepared and commercially available fruit juices,achieving nearly 100%degradation within 24 h in fresh juice.Overall,this study reveals a novel GSH-dependent detoxification pathway for PAT and establishes a strong mechanistic and practical application of GRX3 in agricultural products and food safety control.
