The philosophical horizon of this essay is theoretically comparative and hermeneutically dialogic. Its main philosophical and theological tonality expresses, in first person and through three discursive moments, the d...The philosophical horizon of this essay is theoretically comparative and hermeneutically dialogic. Its main philosophical and theological tonality expresses, in first person and through three discursive moments, the differentiated fusion of horizons between phenomenological and grammatical description and understanding of experience. After a philosophical overture-outlining the ethos of the dialogic problematic and situating it within the contemporary diverse and dialogic dynamic of phenomenology-I will expose the consistent, possible modalities of convergence between Husserlian phenomenology and Wittgensteinian grammar of the mystical shapes of experience. The tense, responsorial dialogue among Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, and Wittgenstein＇s styles of thinking, far from being anymore limited to the debates between the analytical and phenomenological, will be considered from the crossed categorial spaces of Austrian philosophy and German culture in general. In a second section, I will show how the styles of phenomenology today are advancing into a cautious micro-logical grammar of comparative inquiry. This thematization will first consider some precise semantic clarifications： Experience, the mystical, extasis, evidence, and truth; in a second section, the theoretical levels of grammar and phenomenology of mystical experience are heralded in the context of the Christian theological dialogue, where I emphasize the rebirth of French theological thinking and dialogic transcendence, beginning with Maritain and de Chardin to Marcel, de Lubac, Levinas, and Marion. Finally, I consider the aesthetic expressions of mystical experience, both from the visual and musical dimensions. I will conclude this talk by highlighting theological perspectives drawn from my research in musico-philosophical problematics, through an awakening to the resonance of Being and the Divine in sonic and musical life. Through a theology of the musical λογοζ, the grammar of mystical experience reveals the sacramentality of music and the mystery of silence展开更多
Visualization onboarding supports users in reading,interpreting,and extracting information from visual data representations.General-purpose onboarding tools and libraries are applicable for explaining a wide range of ...Visualization onboarding supports users in reading,interpreting,and extracting information from visual data representations.General-purpose onboarding tools and libraries are applicable for explaining a wide range of graphical user interfaces but cannot handle specific visualization requirements.This paper describes a first step towards developing an onboarding library called VisAhoi,which is easy to integrate,extend,semi-automate,reuse,and customize.VisAhoi supports the creation of onboarding elements for different visualization types and datasets.We demonstrate how to extract and describe onboarding instructions using three well-known high-level descriptive visualization grammars—Vega-Lite,Plotly.js,and ECharts.We show the applicability of our library by performing two usage scenarios that describe the integration of VisAhoi into a VA tool for the analysis of high-throughput screening(HTS)data and,second,into a Flourish template to provide an authoring tool for data journalists for a treemap visualization.We provide a supplementary website(https://datavisyn.github.io/visAhoi/)that demonstrates the applicability of VisAhoi to various visualizations,including a bar chart,a horizon graph,a change matrix/heatmap,a scatterplot,and a treemap visualization.展开更多
The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering di...The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established,its implementation in architectural design remains under-represented.By combining the two domains,this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural design.The merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a faqade design of a case study,in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex compositions.The rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case facade.Most shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents,but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations,which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic rules.The faqade derivation grammar is explained and resynthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive,synthetic,and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.展开更多
In this paper, a parallel algorithm is presented for the evaluation of ordered attribute grammars. The parallelism is achieved by constructing the so-called parallel visit sequences and accordingly augmenting the ordi...In this paper, a parallel algorithm is presented for the evaluation of ordered attribute grammars. The parallelism is achieved by constructing the so-called parallel visit sequences and accordingly augmenting the ordinary evaluation driver as well. For experimental purposes, the algorithm has been implemented by simulation展开更多
Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks...Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.展开更多
This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract rela...This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract relation expression function of“zai”,it reveals the cognitive basis of its polysemy.The study finds that the semantic network of“zai”takes the spatial concept as the core,expanding to temporal and other abstract domains through metaphorical and metonymic mechanisms.The research adopts a combined method of cognitive grammar analysis,corpus analysis,and historical comparative method.Based on a large number of actual corpus data,it systematically investigates the synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution characteristics of“zai”.展开更多
Applying visual grammar theory,this study examines representational,interactive,and compositional meanings of the giant panda in Western media cartoons related to China from 1999 to the present.Distinct phases in the ...Applying visual grammar theory,this study examines representational,interactive,and compositional meanings of the giant panda in Western media cartoons related to China from 1999 to the present.Distinct phases in the panda’s representation were identified and illustrated by cases of cartoons in major Western media.These phases trace shift of panda cartoon image from a symbol of peace and friendliness to a politicized emblem of China’s international stance.Key visual trends,such as transitivity,color symbolism,scale enlargement,and increasing compositional complexity,embody the panda’s role in shaping China’s global image and its function in international discourse.These trends reflect the panda’s transformation into a contested symbol,which mediates between China’s self-representation and Western perceptions of its geopolitical rise.By situating the analysis within the context of China’s growing global influence,this study contributes to visual and media studies,demonstrating how cultural symbols are recontextualized to reflect and shape geopolitical narratives.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the functional approach and cognitive approach to the nature of language and its relation to other aspects of human cognition.The paper starts with a brief discussion of t...This paper presents a comprehensive review of the functional approach and cognitive approach to the nature of language and its relation to other aspects of human cognition.The paper starts with a brief discussion of the origins and the core tenets of the two approaches in Section 1.Section 2 discusses the similarities and differences between the three full-fledged structural functional grammars subsumed in the functional approach:Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),Dik's Functional Grammar(FG),and Van Valin's Role and Reference Grammar(RRG).Section 3 deals with the major features of the three cognitive frameworks:Langacker's Cognitive Grammar(CG),Goldberg's Cognitive Construction Grammar(CCG),and Croft's Radical Construction Grammar(RCG).Section 4 compares the two approaches and attempts to provide a unified functional-cognitive grammar.In the last section,the author concludes the paper with remarks on the unidirectional shift from functional grammar to cognitive grammar that may indicate a reinterpretation of the traditional relationship between functional and cognitive models of grammar.展开更多
Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has bee...Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has been little investigation into the concept of circulation using shape grammars. Circulation is a tool used in architecture and interior design and is formed by connecting the points left by the movement of human beings through indoor or outdoor spaces. This study shows that shape grammars are also helpful in this particular field by presenting how a parametric shape grammar is applied to generate circulation designs, and the system automatically generates four basic types of complex circulations. According to the specific conditions and requirements of each commercial space, different forms of circulation can be specified and generated.展开更多
The concept of vector grammars under the string semantic is introduced.The dass of vector grammars is given,which is similar to the dass of Chomsky grammars.The regular vector grammar is divided further.The strong and...The concept of vector grammars under the string semantic is introduced.The dass of vector grammars is given,which is similar to the dass of Chomsky grammars.The regular vector grammar is divided further.The strong and weak relation between the vector grammar and scalar grammar is discussed,so the spectrum system graph of scalar and vector grammars is made.The equivalent relation between the regular vector grammar and Petri nets (also called PN machine) is pointed.The hybrid PN machine is introduced,and its language is proved equivalent to the language of the context-free vector grammar.So the perfect relation structure between vector grammars and PN machines is formed.展开更多
We consider context-free grammars of the form G = {f → f^b1＋b2＋1g^a1＋a2, g → f^b1 g^a1＋1},where ai and bi are integers sub ject to certain positivity conditions. Such a grammar G gives rise to triangular arrays...We consider context-free grammars of the form G = {f → f^b1＋b2＋1g^a1＋a2, g → f^b1 g^a1＋1},where ai and bi are integers sub ject to certain positivity conditions. Such a grammar G gives rise to triangular arrays {T（n, k）}0≤k≤n satisfying a three-term recurrence relation. Many combinatorial sequences can be generated in this way. Let Tn （x） =∑k=0^n T（n, k）x^k. Based on the differential operator with respect to G, we define a sequence of linear operators Pn such that Tn＋1（x） = Pn（Tn（x））. Applying the characterization of real stability preserving linear operators on the multivariate polynomials due to Borcea and Br？ndén, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the operator Pn to be real stability preserving for any n. As a consequence, we are led to a sufficient condition for the real-rootedness of the polynomials defined by certain triangular arrays, obtained by Wang and Yeh.Moreover, as special cases we obtain grammars that lead to identities involving the Whitney numbers and the Bessel numbers.展开更多
An approach to supporting user interfaces using an attribute grammmar combined with an event model is described. The main emphasis is how to represent a multi-thread dialogue model in direct manipulation user interfac...An approach to supporting user interfaces using an attribute grammmar combined with an event model is described. The main emphasis is how to represent a multi-thread dialogue model in direct manipulation user interfaces. It is shown that control sequence within dialogues, communication with other dialogues,and some computations for applications can be specified with a syntactic and semantic notation. The attribute grammar specification can be implemented using an attribute grammar interpreter embedded in the runtime structure supporting communication, synchronization, and dialogue execution.展开更多
Stochastic context-free grammars （SCFGs） have been applied to predicting RNA secondary structure. The prediction of RNA secondary structure can be facilitated by incorporating with comparative sequence analysis. How...Stochastic context-free grammars （SCFGs） have been applied to predicting RNA secondary structure. The prediction of RNA secondary structure can be facilitated by incorporating with comparative sequence analysis. However, most of existing SCFG-based methods lack explicit phylogenic analysis of homologous RNA sequences, which is probably the reason why these methods are not ideal in practical application. Hence, we present a new SCFG-based method by integrating phylogenic analysis with the newly defined profile SCFG. The method can be summarized as： 1） we define a new profile SCFG, M, to depict consensus secondary structure of multiple RNA sequence alignment; 2） we introduce two distinct hidden Markov models, λ and λ＇, to perform phylogenic analysis of homologous RNA sequences. Here, λ＇ is for non-structural regions of the sequence and λ＇ is for structural regions of the sequence; 3） we merge λ and λ＇ into M to devise a combined model for prediction of RNA secondary structure. We tested our method on data sets constructed from the Rfam database. The sensitivity and specificity of our method are more accurate than those of the predictions by Pfold.展开更多
In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts ...In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts the traditional mode of grammar teaching,including knowledge presentation,grammar exercises,and grammatical competence production,which will inevitably lead to time consumption and low efficiency in grammar learning.This study is about cultivating English majors'grammatical competence through the theoretical mode of grammar teaching.The research results show that the theoretical mode of grammar teaching helps cultivate learners'grammatical competence.展开更多
Low-carbon living represents both a new lifestyle and an environmental responsibility vital for sustainable development,positioning it as a central theme in environmental public service advertisements(PSAs).This resea...Low-carbon living represents both a new lifestyle and an environmental responsibility vital for sustainable development,positioning it as a central theme in environmental public service advertisements(PSAs).This research employs a multimodal discourse analysis approach to examining eight public service posters advocating low-carbon living from Xinhua News Agency,primarily utilizing the visual grammar framework established by Kress and Van Leeuwen.The study explores these posters through three key perspectives:representational meaning,interactive meaning,and compositional meaning.By analyzing the interplay between visual and linguistic modalities,this research contributes to the overall understanding of public service posters and supports the promotion of China’s low-carbon development initiatives.展开更多
课堂是教学的主阵地。优秀的教学设计能为教师提供经验与启示,帮助教师提高教学质量。为此,2024年,本刊开设专栏《典型课例》。在该栏目中,我们以“教学设计+点评”的形式,呈现一线教师学习、理解新课标,深化素养导向的课堂教学改革和...课堂是教学的主阵地。优秀的教学设计能为教师提供经验与启示,帮助教师提高教学质量。为此,2024年,本刊开设专栏《典型课例》。在该栏目中,我们以“教学设计+点评”的形式,呈现一线教师学习、理解新课标,深化素养导向的课堂教学改革和育人方式转变的实践与思考。本期典型课例是2023年江苏省高中英语优质课比赛一等奖课例——译林版普通高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Grammar and usage板块的教学,希望通过课例展示,引领教师关注三维动态语法观,提升英语教学质量。展开更多
This study looks at the interaction between the process of intersemiosis and resemiosis in multimodality. The importance of both phases is widely acknowledged as part of the meaning making process but many practical s...This study looks at the interaction between the process of intersemiosis and resemiosis in multimodality. The importance of both phases is widely acknowledged as part of the meaning making process but many practical studies focus on the first rather than the second. In particular this study looks at two groups of images about gender relations in Saudi Arabia following the post-2017 reforms of the male guardianship laws. One group are mostly made up of photographs and the second group of cartoons and posters. One important finding is that the latter tend to be less ambiguous in their semiotic structure than the former. In particular, there are instances in the first group where a standard study of intersemiosis indicates low modality but the image may be seen as inherently plausible by many observers. This suggests that while resemiosis can be applied to a single image it may be more appropriate as a tool when applied to an overall news article or set of images. In the same way that not all individual semiotic modes are complementary in how they build meaning, then it is possible for different images to be supportive, contradictory or unclear when studied in isolation.展开更多
In middleschool English teaching,grammar instruction has always been an important and challenging aspect.Due to the strong influence of grammar explanation in Chinese,learning English grammar may be affected by negati...In middleschool English teaching,grammar instruction has always been an important and challenging aspect.Due to the strong influence of grammar explanation in Chinese,learning English grammar may be affected by negative transfer from their native language,which could pose certain obstacles to English acquisition.Self-efficacy,as a major emotional factor influencing learners'internal regulation strategies,has attracted wide attention from researchers both domestically and internationally for its impact on learning performance.High self-efficacy helps learners develop a more positive mindset towards learning,thereby contributing to improved learning performance.Therefore,this study focuses on investigating the relationship between grammatical self-efficacy and learning performance of English grammar among middle school students.This research contributes to a complementary understanding of grammatical self-efficacy among educators,enhancing their teaching skills,and effectively guiding students to learn English grammar with a more positive and healthy mindset,presenting a future grammar instruction in middle school English teaching.展开更多
文摘The philosophical horizon of this essay is theoretically comparative and hermeneutically dialogic. Its main philosophical and theological tonality expresses, in first person and through three discursive moments, the differentiated fusion of horizons between phenomenological and grammatical description and understanding of experience. After a philosophical overture-outlining the ethos of the dialogic problematic and situating it within the contemporary diverse and dialogic dynamic of phenomenology-I will expose the consistent, possible modalities of convergence between Husserlian phenomenology and Wittgensteinian grammar of the mystical shapes of experience. The tense, responsorial dialogue among Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, and Wittgenstein＇s styles of thinking, far from being anymore limited to the debates between the analytical and phenomenological, will be considered from the crossed categorial spaces of Austrian philosophy and German culture in general. In a second section, I will show how the styles of phenomenology today are advancing into a cautious micro-logical grammar of comparative inquiry. This thematization will first consider some precise semantic clarifications： Experience, the mystical, extasis, evidence, and truth; in a second section, the theoretical levels of grammar and phenomenology of mystical experience are heralded in the context of the Christian theological dialogue, where I emphasize the rebirth of French theological thinking and dialogic transcendence, beginning with Maritain and de Chardin to Marcel, de Lubac, Levinas, and Marion. Finally, I consider the aesthetic expressions of mystical experience, both from the visual and musical dimensions. I will conclude this talk by highlighting theological perspectives drawn from my research in musico-philosophical problematics, through an awakening to the resonance of Being and the Divine in sonic and musical life. Through a theology of the musical λογοζ, the grammar of mystical experience reveals the sacramentality of music and the mystery of silence
基金funded by the BMK under the ICT of the Future program via the SEVA project(no.874018)by the Austrian Science Fund as part of the Vis4Schools project(I 5622-N)and the docs.funds.connect project Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence(no.DFH 23-N).
文摘Visualization onboarding supports users in reading,interpreting,and extracting information from visual data representations.General-purpose onboarding tools and libraries are applicable for explaining a wide range of graphical user interfaces but cannot handle specific visualization requirements.This paper describes a first step towards developing an onboarding library called VisAhoi,which is easy to integrate,extend,semi-automate,reuse,and customize.VisAhoi supports the creation of onboarding elements for different visualization types and datasets.We demonstrate how to extract and describe onboarding instructions using three well-known high-level descriptive visualization grammars—Vega-Lite,Plotly.js,and ECharts.We show the applicability of our library by performing two usage scenarios that describe the integration of VisAhoi into a VA tool for the analysis of high-throughput screening(HTS)data and,second,into a Flourish template to provide an authoring tool for data journalists for a treemap visualization.We provide a supplementary website(https://datavisyn.github.io/visAhoi/)that demonstrates the applicability of VisAhoi to various visualizations,including a bar chart,a horizon graph,a change matrix/heatmap,a scatterplot,and a treemap visualization.
文摘The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established,its implementation in architectural design remains under-represented.By combining the two domains,this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural design.The merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a faqade design of a case study,in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex compositions.The rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case facade.Most shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents,but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations,which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic rules.The faqade derivation grammar is explained and resynthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive,synthetic,and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.
文摘In this paper, a parallel algorithm is presented for the evaluation of ordered attribute grammars. The parallelism is achieved by constructing the so-called parallel visit sequences and accordingly augmenting the ordinary evaluation driver as well. For experimental purposes, the algorithm has been implemented by simulation
文摘Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.
文摘This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract relation expression function of“zai”,it reveals the cognitive basis of its polysemy.The study finds that the semantic network of“zai”takes the spatial concept as the core,expanding to temporal and other abstract domains through metaphorical and metonymic mechanisms.The research adopts a combined method of cognitive grammar analysis,corpus analysis,and historical comparative method.Based on a large number of actual corpus data,it systematically investigates the synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution characteristics of“zai”.
基金supported by the Wuhan University Undergraduate Project of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training“The Evolution of Cartoon Images of Pandas in Western Media’s China-Related News From the Perspective of Multimodal Theory”(Project Number:S202410486013).
文摘Applying visual grammar theory,this study examines representational,interactive,and compositional meanings of the giant panda in Western media cartoons related to China from 1999 to the present.Distinct phases in the panda’s representation were identified and illustrated by cases of cartoons in major Western media.These phases trace shift of panda cartoon image from a symbol of peace and friendliness to a politicized emblem of China’s international stance.Key visual trends,such as transitivity,color symbolism,scale enlargement,and increasing compositional complexity,embody the panda’s role in shaping China’s global image and its function in international discourse.These trends reflect the panda’s transformation into a contested symbol,which mediates between China’s self-representation and Western perceptions of its geopolitical rise.By situating the analysis within the context of China’s growing global influence,this study contributes to visual and media studies,demonstrating how cultural symbols are recontextualized to reflect and shape geopolitical narratives.
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive review of the functional approach and cognitive approach to the nature of language and its relation to other aspects of human cognition.The paper starts with a brief discussion of the origins and the core tenets of the two approaches in Section 1.Section 2 discusses the similarities and differences between the three full-fledged structural functional grammars subsumed in the functional approach:Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),Dik's Functional Grammar(FG),and Van Valin's Role and Reference Grammar(RRG).Section 3 deals with the major features of the three cognitive frameworks:Langacker's Cognitive Grammar(CG),Goldberg's Cognitive Construction Grammar(CCG),and Croft's Radical Construction Grammar(RCG).Section 4 compares the two approaches and attempts to provide a unified functional-cognitive grammar.In the last section,the author concludes the paper with remarks on the unidirectional shift from functional grammar to cognitive grammar that may indicate a reinterpretation of the traditional relationship between functional and cognitive models of grammar.
文摘Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has been little investigation into the concept of circulation using shape grammars. Circulation is a tool used in architecture and interior design and is formed by connecting the points left by the movement of human beings through indoor or outdoor spaces. This study shows that shape grammars are also helpful in this particular field by presenting how a parametric shape grammar is applied to generate circulation designs, and the system automatically generates four basic types of complex circulations. According to the specific conditions and requirements of each commercial space, different forms of circulation can be specified and generated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The concept of vector grammars under the string semantic is introduced.The dass of vector grammars is given,which is similar to the dass of Chomsky grammars.The regular vector grammar is divided further.The strong and weak relation between the vector grammar and scalar grammar is discussed,so the spectrum system graph of scalar and vector grammars is made.The equivalent relation between the regular vector grammar and Petri nets (also called PN machine) is pointed.The hybrid PN machine is introduced,and its language is proved equivalent to the language of the context-free vector grammar.So the perfect relation structure between vector grammars and PN machines is formed.
基金Supported by the 973 Projectthe PCSIRT Project+1 种基金the Doctoral Program Fund of the Ministry of Educationthe National Science Foundation of China
文摘We consider context-free grammars of the form G = {f → f^b1＋b2＋1g^a1＋a2, g → f^b1 g^a1＋1},where ai and bi are integers sub ject to certain positivity conditions. Such a grammar G gives rise to triangular arrays {T（n, k）}0≤k≤n satisfying a three-term recurrence relation. Many combinatorial sequences can be generated in this way. Let Tn （x） =∑k=0^n T（n, k）x^k. Based on the differential operator with respect to G, we define a sequence of linear operators Pn such that Tn＋1（x） = Pn（Tn（x））. Applying the characterization of real stability preserving linear operators on the multivariate polynomials due to Borcea and Br？ndén, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the operator Pn to be real stability preserving for any n. As a consequence, we are led to a sufficient condition for the real-rootedness of the polynomials defined by certain triangular arrays, obtained by Wang and Yeh.Moreover, as special cases we obtain grammars that lead to identities involving the Whitney numbers and the Bessel numbers.
文摘An approach to supporting user interfaces using an attribute grammmar combined with an event model is described. The main emphasis is how to represent a multi-thread dialogue model in direct manipulation user interfaces. It is shown that control sequence within dialogues, communication with other dialogues,and some computations for applications can be specified with a syntactic and semantic notation. The attribute grammar specification can be implemented using an attribute grammar interpreter embedded in the runtime structure supporting communication, synchronization, and dialogue execution.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60673018
文摘Stochastic context-free grammars （SCFGs） have been applied to predicting RNA secondary structure. The prediction of RNA secondary structure can be facilitated by incorporating with comparative sequence analysis. However, most of existing SCFG-based methods lack explicit phylogenic analysis of homologous RNA sequences, which is probably the reason why these methods are not ideal in practical application. Hence, we present a new SCFG-based method by integrating phylogenic analysis with the newly defined profile SCFG. The method can be summarized as： 1） we define a new profile SCFG, M, to depict consensus secondary structure of multiple RNA sequence alignment; 2） we introduce two distinct hidden Markov models, λ and λ＇, to perform phylogenic analysis of homologous RNA sequences. Here, λ＇ is for non-structural regions of the sequence and λ＇ is for structural regions of the sequence; 3） we merge λ and λ＇ into M to devise a combined model for prediction of RNA secondary structure. We tested our method on data sets constructed from the Rfam database. The sensitivity and specificity of our method are more accurate than those of the predictions by Pfold.
基金funded by the 2022 Hunan Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Project“Research on the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability for Business English Majors in Vocational Colleges Under the Concept of Curriculum Ideology and Politics (Project approval No.:ZJGB2022058)”the 2022 General Funded Project of Hunan Social Science Achievement Review Committee“Research on the Development and Diagnostic Evaluation of Critical Thinking Ability Scale for English Learners based on CSE (Project approval No.:XSP22YBZ086).”。
文摘In China,English teachers usually take a three-step approach to grammar teaching,namely,the presentation—practice—production principle(3P Principle).This method consists of both“morphology”and“syntax.”It adopts the traditional mode of grammar teaching,including knowledge presentation,grammar exercises,and grammatical competence production,which will inevitably lead to time consumption and low efficiency in grammar learning.This study is about cultivating English majors'grammatical competence through the theoretical mode of grammar teaching.The research results show that the theoretical mode of grammar teaching helps cultivate learners'grammatical competence.
基金the Guangzhou University Postgraduate Training Program for Innovation“Ecological discourse analysis of news reports on marine life conservation in China Daily(2020-2024)from the perspective of attitudinal resources”(Code:JCCX2024-041).
文摘Low-carbon living represents both a new lifestyle and an environmental responsibility vital for sustainable development,positioning it as a central theme in environmental public service advertisements(PSAs).This research employs a multimodal discourse analysis approach to examining eight public service posters advocating low-carbon living from Xinhua News Agency,primarily utilizing the visual grammar framework established by Kress and Van Leeuwen.The study explores these posters through three key perspectives:representational meaning,interactive meaning,and compositional meaning.By analyzing the interplay between visual and linguistic modalities,this research contributes to the overall understanding of public service posters and supports the promotion of China’s low-carbon development initiatives.
文摘课堂是教学的主阵地。优秀的教学设计能为教师提供经验与启示,帮助教师提高教学质量。为此,2024年,本刊开设专栏《典型课例》。在该栏目中,我们以“教学设计+点评”的形式,呈现一线教师学习、理解新课标,深化素养导向的课堂教学改革和育人方式转变的实践与思考。本期典型课例是2023年江苏省高中英语优质课比赛一等奖课例——译林版普通高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Grammar and usage板块的教学,希望通过课例展示,引领教师关注三维动态语法观,提升英语教学质量。
文摘This study looks at the interaction between the process of intersemiosis and resemiosis in multimodality. The importance of both phases is widely acknowledged as part of the meaning making process but many practical studies focus on the first rather than the second. In particular this study looks at two groups of images about gender relations in Saudi Arabia following the post-2017 reforms of the male guardianship laws. One group are mostly made up of photographs and the second group of cartoons and posters. One important finding is that the latter tend to be less ambiguous in their semiotic structure than the former. In particular, there are instances in the first group where a standard study of intersemiosis indicates low modality but the image may be seen as inherently plausible by many observers. This suggests that while resemiosis can be applied to a single image it may be more appropriate as a tool when applied to an overall news article or set of images. In the same way that not all individual semiotic modes are complementary in how they build meaning, then it is possible for different images to be supportive, contradictory or unclear when studied in isolation.
文摘In middleschool English teaching,grammar instruction has always been an important and challenging aspect.Due to the strong influence of grammar explanation in Chinese,learning English grammar may be affected by negative transfer from their native language,which could pose certain obstacles to English acquisition.Self-efficacy,as a major emotional factor influencing learners'internal regulation strategies,has attracted wide attention from researchers both domestically and internationally for its impact on learning performance.High self-efficacy helps learners develop a more positive mindset towards learning,thereby contributing to improved learning performance.Therefore,this study focuses on investigating the relationship between grammatical self-efficacy and learning performance of English grammar among middle school students.This research contributes to a complementary understanding of grammatical self-efficacy among educators,enhancing their teaching skills,and effectively guiding students to learn English grammar with a more positive and healthy mindset,presenting a future grammar instruction in middle school English teaching.
