Under the background of energy crisis, the development of renewable energy will significantly alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. On the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMW...Under the background of energy crisis, the development of renewable energy will significantly alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. On the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF）interim reanalysis（ERA-interim） wind data, the annual and seasonal grade divisions of the global offshore wind energy are investigated. The results show that the annual mean offshore wind energy has great potential. The wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is graded as Class 7（the highest）, whereas that over most of the mid-low latitude oceans are higher than Class 4. The wind energy over the Arctic Ocean（Class 4） is more optimistic than the traditional evaluations. Seasonally, the westerly oceans of the Northern Hemisphere with a Class 7 wind energy are found to be largest in January, followed by April and October, and smallest in July. The area of the Class 7 wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Southern Hemisphere are found to be largest in July and slightly smaller in the other months. In July, the wind energy over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is graded as Class 7, which is obviously richer than that in other months. It is shown that in this data set in April and October, the majority of the northern Indian Ocean are regions of indigent wind energy resource.展开更多
This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a f...This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest＇s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.展开更多
Reading pictures and writing words is the key content of Chinese teaching in primary schools for the mentally handicapped. It is also the key and difficult point of Chinese classroom teaching in primary schools for th...Reading pictures and writing words is the key content of Chinese teaching in primary schools for the mentally handicapped. It is also the key and difficult point of Chinese classroom teaching in primary schools for the mentally handicapped. In order to improve the teaching effect of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped, and to improve the ability and level of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped, it is of great significance to conduct research on improving the ability of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped by using text illustrations. This paper first explores the important value of developing the ability of reading and writing pictures to the language literacy of primary school students with intellectual disabilities, and further analyzes how to improve the ability of reading and writing pictures of students with intellectual disabilities with the help of text illustrations, in order to provide guidance and help for relevant educators, for reference only.展开更多
Background:Multiple risk or protective factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)have been suggested in the literature of surgical specialities.We aimed to map existing evidence regarding the risk factors for ...Background:Multiple risk or protective factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)have been suggested in the literature of surgical specialities.We aimed to map existing evidence regarding the risk factors for POPF to help guide future clinical treatment.Methods:We performed an umbrella review by searching the Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane databases until June 19,2023.Meta-analyses(MAs)that included≥2 studies were included.Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR2 scores and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)tools were used to quantify the strength of the evidence.Results:Of the 42 MAs,1 was rated as having high methodological quality,and 4 were rated as moderate.Among the 82 outcomes,6 were supported by high-quality evidence.Moderate-quality evidence was found for 13 outcomes.The remaining outcomes had either low-or very low-quality evidence.In pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),protective factors for all-grade POPF include pancreaticogastrostomy(PG)[vs.pancreaticojejunostomy(PJ),moderate quality],external pancreatic ductal stent(vs.no stents,high quality).Risk factors for all-grade POPF in PD include pancreatic duct occlusion(vs.no occlusion,moderate quality)and sealant(vs.no sealant,moderate quality).Polyglycolic acid mesh[vs.no mesh,moderate quality]was a protective factor for clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF)in PD,omental/falciform ligament wrapping(vs.no wrapping,low quality),and artery-first PD(vs.standard,low quality).In distal pancreatectomy(DP),no factors for all-grade POPF were rated as high-or moderate-quality evidence.Polyglycolic acid mesh(vs.no mesh,moderate quality)was a protective factor for CR-POPF in DP.No factors were rated as high-or moderate-quality evidence in other types of pancreatectomy.In addition,high-and moderate-quality evidence showed that there was little difference in the incidence of pancreatic fistula in PD between minimally invasive and open surgery,duct-to-mucosa and invaginated PJ,Roux-en-Y and conservative reconstruction,extended and standard lymphadenectomy,and in the incidence of pancreatic fistula in DP between fibrin sealant patch and no patch.Conclusions:This umbrella review found varying levels of evidence for the associations between different surgery-related risk factors for POPF.Given the wealth of existing evidence of relatively low quality,future research should focus on improving its credibility.展开更多
We introduce the graded version of the antisimple primitive radical SJ, the graded an- tisimple prinfitive radical SJ_G. We show that SJ_G=SJ_(ref)=SJ^G when |G|<∞. where SJ_(ref) denotes the reflected antisimple ...We introduce the graded version of the antisimple primitive radical SJ, the graded an- tisimple prinfitive radical SJ_G. We show that SJ_G=SJ_(ref)=SJ^G when |G|<∞. where SJ_(ref) denotes the reflected antisimple primitive radical and SJ^G denotes the restricted antisimple primitive radical. Furthermore, we discuss the graded supplementing radical of SJ^G.展开更多
Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug...Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches.This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM,facilitating its rational application in clinical settings.The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Using the Delphi method,clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated.Systematic reviews,Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)evidence quality evaluations,expert opinions,and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline.External reviews further refined the recommendations.The guideline for the TDM of MPA(IPGRP-2020CN099)consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations,monitoring strategies,dosage regimens,and influencing factors.High-risk populations,timing of TDM,area under the curve(AUC)versus trough concentration(C0),target concentration ranges,monitoring frequency,and analytical methods are addressed.Formulation-specific recommendations,initial dosage regimens,populations with unique considerations,pharmacokinetic-informed dosing,body weight factors,pharmacogenetics,and drug–drug interactions are covered.The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy,promoting standardization of MPA TDM,and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.展开更多
We introduce the notions of differential graded(DG) Poisson algebra and DG Poisson module. Let A be any DG Poisson algebra. We construct the universal enveloping algebra of A explicitly, which is denoted by A^(ue). We...We introduce the notions of differential graded(DG) Poisson algebra and DG Poisson module. Let A be any DG Poisson algebra. We construct the universal enveloping algebra of A explicitly, which is denoted by A^(ue). We show that A^(ue) has a natural DG algebra structure and it satisfies certain universal property. As a consequence of the universal property, it is proved that the category of DG Poisson modules over A is isomorphic to the category of DG modules over A^(ue). Furthermore, we prove that the notion of universal enveloping algebra A^(ue) is well-behaved under opposite algebra and tensor product of DG Poisson algebras. Practical examples of DG Poisson algebras are given throughout the paper including those arising from differential geometry and homological algebra.展开更多
基金The Junior Fellowships for CAST Advanced Innovation Think-tank Program under contract No.DXB-ZKQN-2016-019the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2013CB956200+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41275086the Academic Program of Dalian Naval Academy under contract No.2016-01the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under contract No.ZR2016DL09
文摘Under the background of energy crisis, the development of renewable energy will significantly alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. On the basis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（ECMWF）interim reanalysis（ERA-interim） wind data, the annual and seasonal grade divisions of the global offshore wind energy are investigated. The results show that the annual mean offshore wind energy has great potential. The wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is graded as Class 7（the highest）, whereas that over most of the mid-low latitude oceans are higher than Class 4. The wind energy over the Arctic Ocean（Class 4） is more optimistic than the traditional evaluations. Seasonally, the westerly oceans of the Northern Hemisphere with a Class 7 wind energy are found to be largest in January, followed by April and October, and smallest in July. The area of the Class 7 wind energy over the westerly oceans of the Southern Hemisphere are found to be largest in July and slightly smaller in the other months. In July, the wind energy over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is graded as Class 7, which is obviously richer than that in other months. It is shown that in this data set in April and October, the majority of the northern Indian Ocean are regions of indigent wind energy resource.
文摘This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest＇s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
文摘Reading pictures and writing words is the key content of Chinese teaching in primary schools for the mentally handicapped. It is also the key and difficult point of Chinese classroom teaching in primary schools for the mentally handicapped. In order to improve the teaching effect of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped, and to improve the ability and level of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped, it is of great significance to conduct research on improving the ability of reading pictures and writing words of the low-grade students in the elementary school for the mentally handicapped by using text illustrations. This paper first explores the important value of developing the ability of reading and writing pictures to the language literacy of primary school students with intellectual disabilities, and further analyzes how to improve the ability of reading and writing pictures of students with intellectual disabilities with the help of text illustrations, in order to provide guidance and help for relevant educators, for reference only.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82002578)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023YFS0094)to J.L.+3 种基金1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(20HXFH021)to N.C.1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC21049)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022NSFSC0680)to X.XSichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFS0296)to Y.Z。
文摘Background:Multiple risk or protective factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)have been suggested in the literature of surgical specialities.We aimed to map existing evidence regarding the risk factors for POPF to help guide future clinical treatment.Methods:We performed an umbrella review by searching the Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane databases until June 19,2023.Meta-analyses(MAs)that included≥2 studies were included.Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR2 scores and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)tools were used to quantify the strength of the evidence.Results:Of the 42 MAs,1 was rated as having high methodological quality,and 4 were rated as moderate.Among the 82 outcomes,6 were supported by high-quality evidence.Moderate-quality evidence was found for 13 outcomes.The remaining outcomes had either low-or very low-quality evidence.In pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),protective factors for all-grade POPF include pancreaticogastrostomy(PG)[vs.pancreaticojejunostomy(PJ),moderate quality],external pancreatic ductal stent(vs.no stents,high quality).Risk factors for all-grade POPF in PD include pancreatic duct occlusion(vs.no occlusion,moderate quality)and sealant(vs.no sealant,moderate quality).Polyglycolic acid mesh[vs.no mesh,moderate quality]was a protective factor for clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF)in PD,omental/falciform ligament wrapping(vs.no wrapping,low quality),and artery-first PD(vs.standard,low quality).In distal pancreatectomy(DP),no factors for all-grade POPF were rated as high-or moderate-quality evidence.Polyglycolic acid mesh(vs.no mesh,moderate quality)was a protective factor for CR-POPF in DP.No factors were rated as high-or moderate-quality evidence in other types of pancreatectomy.In addition,high-and moderate-quality evidence showed that there was little difference in the incidence of pancreatic fistula in PD between minimally invasive and open surgery,duct-to-mucosa and invaginated PJ,Roux-en-Y and conservative reconstruction,extended and standard lymphadenectomy,and in the incidence of pancreatic fistula in DP between fibrin sealant patch and no patch.Conclusions:This umbrella review found varying levels of evidence for the associations between different surgery-related risk factors for POPF.Given the wealth of existing evidence of relatively low quality,future research should focus on improving its credibility.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 19971073)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province.
文摘We introduce the graded version of the antisimple primitive radical SJ, the graded an- tisimple prinfitive radical SJ_G. We show that SJ_G=SJ_(ref)=SJ^G when |G|<∞. where SJ_(ref) denotes the reflected antisimple primitive radical and SJ^G denotes the restricted antisimple primitive radical. Furthermore, we discuss the graded supplementing radical of SJ^G.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.72304007)the Huatong Guokang Medical Research Fund(No.2023HT010)。
文摘Mycophenolic acid(MPA),the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium(EC-MPS),serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants.Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches.This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM,facilitating its rational application in clinical settings.The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Using the Delphi method,clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated.Systematic reviews,Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)evidence quality evaluations,expert opinions,and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline.External reviews further refined the recommendations.The guideline for the TDM of MPA(IPGRP-2020CN099)consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations,monitoring strategies,dosage regimens,and influencing factors.High-risk populations,timing of TDM,area under the curve(AUC)versus trough concentration(C0),target concentration ranges,monitoring frequency,and analytical methods are addressed.Formulation-specific recommendations,initial dosage regimens,populations with unique considerations,pharmacokinetic-informed dosing,body weight factors,pharmacogenetics,and drug–drug interactions are covered.The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy,promoting standardization of MPA TDM,and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11571316 and 11001245)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY16A010003)
文摘We introduce the notions of differential graded(DG) Poisson algebra and DG Poisson module. Let A be any DG Poisson algebra. We construct the universal enveloping algebra of A explicitly, which is denoted by A^(ue). We show that A^(ue) has a natural DG algebra structure and it satisfies certain universal property. As a consequence of the universal property, it is proved that the category of DG Poisson modules over A is isomorphic to the category of DG modules over A^(ue). Furthermore, we prove that the notion of universal enveloping algebra A^(ue) is well-behaved under opposite algebra and tensor product of DG Poisson algebras. Practical examples of DG Poisson algebras are given throughout the paper including those arising from differential geometry and homological algebra.
