We present comparisons of the NO2 regional Chemical Transport Model （CTM） simulations over North-eastern North America during the time period from May to September, 1998 with hourly surface NO2 observations and the ...We present comparisons of the NO2 regional Chemical Transport Model （CTM） simulations over North-eastern North America during the time period from May to September, 1998 with hourly surface NO2 observations and the NO2 columns retrieved from the GOME （Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment） satellite instrument. The model calculations were performed using the Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5 （MM5）, Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions （SMOKE）, and Community Multiscale Air Quality （CMAQ） modeling systems, using the emission data from the National Emissions Inventory （NEI） databases of 1996 （U.S.） and 1995 （Canada）. The major objectives were to assess the performance of the CMAQ model and the accuracy of the emissions inventories as they affected the simulations of this important short-lived atmospheric species. The modeled （NcMAQ） and measured （NGOME） NO2 column amounts, as well as their temporal variations, agreed reasonably well. The absolute differences （NcMAQ-NGOME） across the domain were between ±3.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2, but they were less than ±1.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2 over the majority （80%） of the domain studied. The overall correlation coefficient between the measurements and the simulations was 0.75. The differences were mainly ascribed to a combination of inaccurate emission data for the CTM and the uncertainties in the GOME retrievals. Of these, the former were the more easily identifiable.展开更多
Since Gome acquired China Paradise in 2006, it has moved quickly to consolidate its position as the strongest electronics retailer in China. As part of its efforts, Gome plans to raise $800 million.
Hancornia speciosa‘Gomes’,commonly known as mangabeira,is a fruit-bearing tree native to Brazil that plays a crucial role in sustaining its native biome,restoring degraded areas,and improving the socio-environmental...Hancornia speciosa‘Gomes’,commonly known as mangabeira,is a fruit-bearing tree native to Brazil that plays a crucial role in sustaining its native biome,restoring degraded areas,and improving the socio-environmental conditions of these regions.The use of colored materials and bioinputs can help improve the quality of seedling production of Hancornia speciosa.This study aimed to evaluate the use of colored seedling tubes and a Chlorella vulgaris-based bioinput in developing Hancornia speciosa seedlings.The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso do Sul State University(UEMS),in Cassilândia,MS,using a completely randomized design in a 5×2 factorial arrangement.Treatments included colored reflective tubes(blue,white,red,yellow,and black)and bioinput application(absence or presence).The Hancornia speciosa seeds were collected near the Cassilândia campus and the Chlorella vulgaris-based bioinput was produced at the Microalgae and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense(CEDESU).The bioinput was applied at sowing and after 30,60 and 90 days after emergence(DAE),totalizing three applications.An increase in plant height,number of leaves,chlorophyll a and total,CO2 assimilation rate,water use efficiency was observed.The combination of tube color and the presence of the Chlorella vulgaris bioinput significantly improved biometric traits,seedling quality index,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content,and CO2 concentration,thus enhancing the seedling quality and potentially increasing field establishment and survival rates.展开更多
文摘We present comparisons of the NO2 regional Chemical Transport Model （CTM） simulations over North-eastern North America during the time period from May to September, 1998 with hourly surface NO2 observations and the NO2 columns retrieved from the GOME （Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment） satellite instrument. The model calculations were performed using the Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5 （MM5）, Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions （SMOKE）, and Community Multiscale Air Quality （CMAQ） modeling systems, using the emission data from the National Emissions Inventory （NEI） databases of 1996 （U.S.） and 1995 （Canada）. The major objectives were to assess the performance of the CMAQ model and the accuracy of the emissions inventories as they affected the simulations of this important short-lived atmospheric species. The modeled （NcMAQ） and measured （NGOME） NO2 column amounts, as well as their temporal variations, agreed reasonably well. The absolute differences （NcMAQ-NGOME） across the domain were between ±3.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2, but they were less than ±1.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2 over the majority （80%） of the domain studied. The overall correlation coefficient between the measurements and the simulations was 0.75. The differences were mainly ascribed to a combination of inaccurate emission data for the CTM and the uncertainties in the GOME retrievals. Of these, the former were the more easily identifiable.
文摘Since Gome acquired China Paradise in 2006, it has moved quickly to consolidate its position as the strongest electronics retailer in China. As part of its efforts, Gome plans to raise $800 million.
文摘Hancornia speciosa‘Gomes’,commonly known as mangabeira,is a fruit-bearing tree native to Brazil that plays a crucial role in sustaining its native biome,restoring degraded areas,and improving the socio-environmental conditions of these regions.The use of colored materials and bioinputs can help improve the quality of seedling production of Hancornia speciosa.This study aimed to evaluate the use of colored seedling tubes and a Chlorella vulgaris-based bioinput in developing Hancornia speciosa seedlings.The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso do Sul State University(UEMS),in Cassilândia,MS,using a completely randomized design in a 5×2 factorial arrangement.Treatments included colored reflective tubes(blue,white,red,yellow,and black)and bioinput application(absence or presence).The Hancornia speciosa seeds were collected near the Cassilândia campus and the Chlorella vulgaris-based bioinput was produced at the Microalgae and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Bolsão Sul-Mato-Grossense(CEDESU).The bioinput was applied at sowing and after 30,60 and 90 days after emergence(DAE),totalizing three applications.An increase in plant height,number of leaves,chlorophyll a and total,CO2 assimilation rate,water use efficiency was observed.The combination of tube color and the presence of the Chlorella vulgaris bioinput significantly improved biometric traits,seedling quality index,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content,and CO2 concentration,thus enhancing the seedling quality and potentially increasing field establishment and survival rates.
