One feature of Golding' s works is to reveal the theme-the evil nature of man,through the characters' mystical experience.This is obvious in Darkness Visible and Lord of the Flies.This paper tries to find out ...One feature of Golding' s works is to reveal the theme-the evil nature of man,through the characters' mystical experience.This is obvious in Darkness Visible and Lord of the Flies.This paper tries to find out the resource for the writer to use mystical experience through biological approach.展开更多
Beyond the stories,Golding spends much effort on an issue called"impotence of language"in his works,especially Lord of the Flies and Darkness Visible.Thus Golding's language view is worthwhile to researc...Beyond the stories,Golding spends much effort on an issue called"impotence of language"in his works,especially Lord of the Flies and Darkness Visible.Thus Golding's language view is worthwhile to research.With help of Lacan's theory of signifier and signified,this paper made a primary glance about Golding's language view within the two novels.展开更多
To address the challenges of complex metallic film coating processes and low integration in single-parameter detection for existing photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance(PCF-SPR)sensors,a dual-parameter sen...To address the challenges of complex metallic film coating processes and low integration in single-parameter detection for existing photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance(PCF-SPR)sensors,a dual-parameter sensor based on gold nanowire-integrated bias-core PCF-SPR is proposed.Unlike conventional in-hole coatings or metallic film structures,the gold nanowires are directly attached to the fiber cladding via chemical vapor deposition(CVD),eliminating uneven coating issues and significantly simplifying fabrica-tion.By optimizing the asymmetric bias-core fiber structure and leveraging the strong localized field en-hancement of gold nanowires,the sensor achieves high-sensitivity synchronous detection of temperature(25−60℃)and refractive index(1.31−1.40)in dual-polarization modes.The simulation results demonstrate that the x-polarization mode can achieve 1.31−1.40 refractive index detection with maximum wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity of 14800 nm/RIU and−1724.25 RIU^(−1),and maximum refractive index resolution of 6.75×10^(−6)RIU.The y-polarization mode achieves refractive index detection range of 1.34−1.40,and the maximum wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity are 28400 nm/RIU and−1298.93 RIU^(−1),and the maximum refractive index resolution is 3.52×10^(−6)RIU.For temperature sensing,the sensor exhibits a wavelength sensitivity of 7.8 nm/℃and a high resolution of 1.38×10^(−6)℃over the range of 25−60℃.This design synergizes gold nanowires and the bias-core architecture to simplify fabrication while enabling multi-parameter detection.The proposed sensor offers new insights for integrated applications in biochemical mon-itoring,environmental sensing,and related fields.展开更多
Sulfur is closely associated with various types of ore deposits,particularly orogenic gold(Au)systems,where sulfur-bearing melts and fluids play a critical role in transporting oreforming elements essential for ore fo...Sulfur is closely associated with various types of ore deposits,particularly orogenic gold(Au)systems,where sulfur-bearing melts and fluids play a critical role in transporting oreforming elements essential for ore formation.The widely accepted metamorphic devolatilization model suggests that compositionally fertile sedimentary rocks serve as potential gold sources.Therefore,understanding sulfur behavior during prograde metamorphism is essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying metal activation and mobility.In this study,we conducted in-situ sulfur isotope(δ^(34)S)analyses using secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS)on samples from the Hongshankou area,a representative Barrovian-type metamorphic sequence characterized by intermediate pressure-temperature(P-T)conditions.This sequence comprises the biotite,garnet,staurolite,and kyanite zones.Our results show a systematic increase in δ^(34)S values(from 3.1‰ to 5.5‰)coupled with a progressive decrease in total sulfur content(from 320 ppm to 165 ppm)as metamorphic grade increases.The most pronounced sulfur mobilization occurs between the garnet and staurolite zones.In all analyzed samples,Au or Au-bearing minerals predominantly occur along the edges or within pyrite grains,highlighting the critical role of pyrite breakdown in controlling gold mobility.Thus,sulfur isotope fractionation provides robust constraints for quantitatively assessing sulfur mobility during metamorphism.These findings reinforce the concept that metasedimentary rocks and their metamorphic fluids represent fertile sources of Au and other metals enriched in orogenic gold deposits.展开更多
Sponsored by Chongqing University of Technology(CQUT)and the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence(CAAI),CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology is a gold Open Access journal that publishes articles on ...Sponsored by Chongqing University of Technology(CQUT)and the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence(CAAI),CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology is a gold Open Access journal that publishes articles on the theoretical and experimental aspects of artificial intelligence technology.This journal is a high-quality international platform for the exchange of the latest academic developments from the global artificial intelligence community.展开更多
The Mailong gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt and is one of the recently discovered important gold polymetallic deposits in the Qinhai Gouli region.The primary host rocks ...The Mailong gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt and is one of the recently discovered important gold polymetallic deposits in the Qinhai Gouli region.The primary host rocks of the Mailong gold deposit consist of intermediate-acid intrusive rocks from the Varisian and Indosinian periods,as well as the Precambrian Jinshuikou Group,with mineralization controlled by northeast and northwest faults.The alteration of the host rocks is mainly characterized by silicification,sericitization,chloritization,and carbonatization.Based on the cross-cutting relationships of the veins,the hydrothermal mineralization of the gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:the quartz-pyrite stage,the quartzpolymetallic sulfide stage,and the quartz-carbonate stage.Microthermometry of fluid inclusions indicates that the Mailong gold deposit belongs to a low-density(0.73–0.86 g/cm3),medium-temperature(240–340℃),and medium-salinity(4.01–10.74 wt%NaCl)NaCl-CO2-H2O fluid system.The C-H-O isotopic analysis suggests that the mineralizing fluids is derived from magmatic water,with later contributions from atmospheric precipitation.In-situ S isotopic results indicate that the mineralizing materials mainly derive from igneous rocks.A comprehensive analysis concludes that the Mailong gold deposit is a mesothermal hydrothermal vein-type gold deposit controlled by structural factors.展开更多
Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for thera...Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.展开更多
This review summarizes studies of hydrothermal alteration minerals at the Qiucun gold deposit in southeastern China and focuses on characterization and mapping of the deposit using hyperspectral remote sensing.The dep...This review summarizes studies of hydrothermal alteration minerals at the Qiucun gold deposit in southeastern China and focuses on characterization and mapping of the deposit using hyperspectral remote sensing.The deposit exhibits multistage fluid-rock interaction,as evidenced by systematic alteration assemblages,including silicification,sericitization by white micas,the development of argillaceous clays,variable chloritization,and locally significant carbonate alteration.We describe the genetic importance of such mineral groups and emphasize their diagnostic Visible and Near-Infrared to Short-Wave Infrared(VNIR-SWIR)spectral signatures,especially Al-OH,Mg-OH/Fe-OH,and CO3 absorption bands,which make it possible to distinguish between minerals,not to mention the fact that,in some instances,compositional trends may be predicted.This review’s methodological advances are discussed beginning with data collection at satellite,airborne,and ground levels,proceeding to processing procedures,such as atmospheric and topographic correction,and culminating in spectral analysis,including continuum removal,spectral matching,and unmixing/classification techniques.An integrated study of hyperspectral findings reveals that alteration minerals develop spatially coherent zones that are strongly controlled by fault/fracture structures and host-rock reactivity,producing proximal silicification/sericitization cores and larger silicified/larcenies of argillaceous rocks owing to diverse apex coverings of carbonate.This should be combined with petrography and geochemistry to address overprinting,mixed pixels,and surface weathering,and to couple mineral maps with ore-forming processes.The review finds that hyperspectral remote sensing offers a solid modeling platform for the deposit-scale alteration at Qiucun and other hydrothermal gold systems,and outlines the directions for future research to integrate quantitatively and more threedimensional alteration characterization.展开更多
Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminesce...Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminescence from the visible to near-infrared range,water solubility,and good biocompatibility.These features,combined with low toxicity and efficient renal clearance,make such Au NCs promising candidates for biomedical use,including diagnosis,therapy,and theranostic.The incorporation of peptides or drugs into Au NCs enhances the stability,targeting specificity,cellular uptake,and prolonged circulation,enabling precise modulation of biological responses.Despite notable advances in achieving atomic precision employing complex ligands such as peptides or drugs,the synthetic methods of this new class of NCs remain a challenge.Careful control of molar ratio(Au:peptide/drug),reducing agent,temperature,and reaction time is required,because these factors directly influence the cluster size,optical properties,and in vivo performance.In this review,we highlight different synthetic approaches of atomically precise peptide-and drug-protected Au NCs,emphasizing the role of rational ligand design and reaction conditions,as well as the challenges associated with structural determination.We further discuss the optical and photoluminescence properties of peptide-protected Au NCs-the mostly explored features for biomedical applications.Finally,we conclude by outlining the current challenges,opportunities for scale-up synthesis,and future design perspectives for these emerging nanomaterials.展开更多
The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will signific...The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will significantly magnify the SERS signals of the analyte molecules and thus each of these molecules will be miscounted to be hundreds during the quantification process.We demonstrate a concept to circumvent the above contradiction by engineering a timeshare SERS platform capable of working at the quantitative or the sensitive mode on demand.The timeshare SERS platform was constructed by transferring a monolayer gold nanosphere film onto elastic substrates(e.g.,hydrogel).The volume change of the hydrogel could adjust the inter-nanosphere distance,dynamically controlling the formation or extinction of the SERS hottest spots on the same SERS substrate without influencing the spatial distribution of the analyte molecules.The timeshare SERS platform without the SERS hottest spots showed strong quantification capability,while when equipped with a substantial number of the SERS hottest spots exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity.We demonstrated quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of various analyte molecules using the quantitative and the sensitive mode of the timeshare SERS platform,respectively.We opened an avenue towards designing SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and strong quantification capability.展开更多
Rational design of nanozymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency remains a central challenge in the development of artificial enzymes.Herein,we report the construction of ultrasmall gold nanoclusterbased nanoassemblies...Rational design of nanozymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency remains a central challenge in the development of artificial enzymes.Herein,we report the construction of ultrasmall gold nanoclusterbased nanoassemblies(Dp-Au NCs@Fe^(2+)) through the coordination of Fe^(2+) ions by a dopa-containing peptidomimetic ligand(Dp CDp).This nanoarchitecture simultaneously integrates catalytically active gold cores and redox-active Fe^(2+)centers,bridged by Dp CDp to facilitate directional electron transfer.Comprehensive spectroscopic and kinetic analyses reveal that Dp CDp promotes efficient charge migration from the Au core to surface-bound Fe^(2+),significantly enhancing H_(2)O_(2)-mediated peroxidase-like activity.Compared to bare Dp-Au NCs,Dp-Au NCs@Fe^(2+) display a 4.3-fold improvement in detection sensitivity,a 6.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency,and markedly stronger hydroxyl radical generation.Mechanistically,this activity stems from a synergistic triad:direct H_(2)O_(2) oxidation at gold surfaces,radical generation at Fe^(2+) sites,and Dp CDp-facilitated electron shuttling.This work presents a robust strategy for nanozyme enhancement via electronic and structural co-engineering,offering valuable insights for the future design of bioinspired catalytic systems.展开更多
The recovery of gold from waste electronic and electric equipment(WEEE) has gained great attention with the increased number of WEEE,because it can largely alleviate the pressure on the environment and resources.Coval...The recovery of gold from waste electronic and electric equipment(WEEE) has gained great attention with the increased number of WEEE,because it can largely alleviate the pressure on the environment and resources.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are ideal adsorbents for gold recovery owing to their large surface area,good stability,easily functionalized ability,periodic structures,and definitive nanopores.Herein,a cyano-functionalized COF(COF-CN) with high crystallinity was large-scale prepared under mild conditions for the recovery of gold.The introduction of cyano groups enable COF-CN to exhibit excellent gold recovery performance,which possesses fast adsorption kinetics,high cycling stability,and adsorption capacity up to 663.67 mg/g.Excitingly,COF-CN showed extremely high selectivity for gold ions,even in the presence of various competing cations and anions.The COF-CN maintained excellent selectivity and removal efficiency in gold recovery experiments from WEEE.The facile synthesis of COF-CN and its outstanding selectivity in actual samples make it an attractive opportunity for practical gold recovery.展开更多
The field of nanomedicine has been revolutionized by the concept of immunogenic cell death(ICD)-enhanced cancer therapy,which holds immense promise for the efficient treatment of cancer.However,precise delivery of ICD...The field of nanomedicine has been revolutionized by the concept of immunogenic cell death(ICD)-enhanced cancer therapy,which holds immense promise for the efficient treatment of cancer.However,precise delivery of ICD inducer is severely hindered by complex biological barriers.How to design and build intelligent nanoplatform for adaptive and dynamic cancer therapy remains a big challenge.Herein,this article presents the design and preparation of CD44-targeting and ZIF-8 gated gold nanocage(Au@ZH) for programmed delivery of the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-Pt(Ⅱ)(DACHPt) as ICD inducer.After actively targeting the CD44 on the surface of 4T1 tumor cell,this Pt-Au@ZH can be effectively endocytosed by the 4T1 cell and release the DACHPt in tumor acidic environment,resulting in ICD effect and superior antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of mild 808 nm laser irradiation.By integration of internal and external stimuli intelligently,this programmed nanoplatform is poised to become a cornerstone in the pursuit of effective and targeted cancer therapy in the foreseeable future.展开更多
Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional nanowires(NWs)is crucial for their large-scale applications,but it usually requires complicated catalyst designs with multiple compositions and careful tuning of synthesis par...Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional nanowires(NWs)is crucial for their large-scale applications,but it usually requires complicated catalyst designs with multiple compositions and careful tuning of synthesis parameters.In this study,we performed a systematic investigation into the impact of the shape of Au particles on the geometry and composition of the obtained NWs.We discovered that octahedral,dodecahedral,and cubic Au particles selectively catalyze the growth of Ga,GaAs,and Ga/GaAs heterojunction NWs,respectively.The mechanism stems from the difference in the solubility of Ga in Au catalysts with distinct shapes(i.e.,curvatures)due to the Gibbs-Thomson(G-T)effect:Au octahedrons(7.42 nm),featuring smaller curvature radii,enhance the solubility of Ga precursors,enabling efficient diffusion and faster growth of Ga NWs;Au dodecahedrons(11.22 nm)with larger curvature radii exhibit moderate Ga solubility,favoring the growth of GaAs NWs;Au cubes(10.51 nm)with intermediate Ga solubility,yield Ga/GaAs heterojunction NWs.Finally,we fabricated NW field effect transistors(FETs)and revealed that the Ga NWs exhibited promising electrical characteristics with a resistivity of 2.54×10^(−4)Ω·m,and GaAs NWs showed p-type characteristics.All these results illustrate the promising potential for tuning the geometry and composition of NWs by a single parameter,i.e.,merely changing the shape of a single Au particle.展开更多
Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet tre...Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.展开更多
Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which ...Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which relies on lixiviants prepared using volatilized sulfur obtained from roasting,has not been fully elucidated.This study employs the response surface methodology to optimize processing parameters,resulting in an increased gold extraction rate of 96.18%.Analytical factorization and the Tafel curve indicate that CuSO_(4) and NH_(3)·H_(2)O significantly influence the self-leaching process.Furthermore,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),polysulfides(S_(n)^(2−)),and thiosulfate(S_(2)O_(3)^(2−))are involved in the gold leaching reaction,with S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),and S_(n)^(2−) serving as primary ligands for gold complexation.The role of S_(2)O_(3)^(2−) in the early stages of the gold-leaching reaction is also noteworthy.The copper–ammonia complex catalyzes the self-leaching gold reaction;however,an improper addition ratio can lead to copper-sulfur compound precipitates,reducing the extraction rate.展开更多
Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detecti...Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus.The fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow test strip demonstrated a sensitivity of 10^(1.7)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,which is fourfold higher than that of the colloidal gold-based assay.Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is a recently identified enteric coronavirus that causes an acute infectious disease in piglets,leading to diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration,and mortality(Hu et al.2015).展开更多
文摘One feature of Golding' s works is to reveal the theme-the evil nature of man,through the characters' mystical experience.This is obvious in Darkness Visible and Lord of the Flies.This paper tries to find out the resource for the writer to use mystical experience through biological approach.
文摘Beyond the stories,Golding spends much effort on an issue called"impotence of language"in his works,especially Lord of the Flies and Darkness Visible.Thus Golding's language view is worthwhile to research.With help of Lacan's theory of signifier and signified,this paper made a primary glance about Golding's language view within the two novels.
文摘To address the challenges of complex metallic film coating processes and low integration in single-parameter detection for existing photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance(PCF-SPR)sensors,a dual-parameter sensor based on gold nanowire-integrated bias-core PCF-SPR is proposed.Unlike conventional in-hole coatings or metallic film structures,the gold nanowires are directly attached to the fiber cladding via chemical vapor deposition(CVD),eliminating uneven coating issues and significantly simplifying fabrica-tion.By optimizing the asymmetric bias-core fiber structure and leveraging the strong localized field en-hancement of gold nanowires,the sensor achieves high-sensitivity synchronous detection of temperature(25−60℃)and refractive index(1.31−1.40)in dual-polarization modes.The simulation results demonstrate that the x-polarization mode can achieve 1.31−1.40 refractive index detection with maximum wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity of 14800 nm/RIU and−1724.25 RIU^(−1),and maximum refractive index resolution of 6.75×10^(−6)RIU.The y-polarization mode achieves refractive index detection range of 1.34−1.40,and the maximum wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity are 28400 nm/RIU and−1298.93 RIU^(−1),and the maximum refractive index resolution is 3.52×10^(−6)RIU.For temperature sensing,the sensor exhibits a wavelength sensitivity of 7.8 nm/℃and a high resolution of 1.38×10^(−6)℃over the range of 25−60℃.This design synergizes gold nanowires and the bias-core architecture to simplify fabrication while enabling multi-parameter detection.The proposed sensor offers new insights for integrated applications in biochemical mon-itoring,environmental sensing,and related fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42225301 and 42330304)。
文摘Sulfur is closely associated with various types of ore deposits,particularly orogenic gold(Au)systems,where sulfur-bearing melts and fluids play a critical role in transporting oreforming elements essential for ore formation.The widely accepted metamorphic devolatilization model suggests that compositionally fertile sedimentary rocks serve as potential gold sources.Therefore,understanding sulfur behavior during prograde metamorphism is essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying metal activation and mobility.In this study,we conducted in-situ sulfur isotope(δ^(34)S)analyses using secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS)on samples from the Hongshankou area,a representative Barrovian-type metamorphic sequence characterized by intermediate pressure-temperature(P-T)conditions.This sequence comprises the biotite,garnet,staurolite,and kyanite zones.Our results show a systematic increase in δ^(34)S values(from 3.1‰ to 5.5‰)coupled with a progressive decrease in total sulfur content(from 320 ppm to 165 ppm)as metamorphic grade increases.The most pronounced sulfur mobilization occurs between the garnet and staurolite zones.In all analyzed samples,Au or Au-bearing minerals predominantly occur along the edges or within pyrite grains,highlighting the critical role of pyrite breakdown in controlling gold mobility.Thus,sulfur isotope fractionation provides robust constraints for quantitatively assessing sulfur mobility during metamorphism.These findings reinforce the concept that metasedimentary rocks and their metamorphic fluids represent fertile sources of Au and other metals enriched in orogenic gold deposits.
文摘Sponsored by Chongqing University of Technology(CQUT)and the Chinese Association for Artificial Intelligence(CAAI),CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology is a gold Open Access journal that publishes articles on the theoretical and experimental aspects of artificial intelligence technology.This journal is a high-quality international platform for the exchange of the latest academic developments from the global artificial intelligence community.
基金Supported by Qinghai Provincial Geological Exploration Special Fund Project(No.2023085029KY004).
文摘The Mailong gold deposit is located in the eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt and is one of the recently discovered important gold polymetallic deposits in the Qinhai Gouli region.The primary host rocks of the Mailong gold deposit consist of intermediate-acid intrusive rocks from the Varisian and Indosinian periods,as well as the Precambrian Jinshuikou Group,with mineralization controlled by northeast and northwest faults.The alteration of the host rocks is mainly characterized by silicification,sericitization,chloritization,and carbonatization.Based on the cross-cutting relationships of the veins,the hydrothermal mineralization of the gold deposit can be categorized into three stages:the quartz-pyrite stage,the quartzpolymetallic sulfide stage,and the quartz-carbonate stage.Microthermometry of fluid inclusions indicates that the Mailong gold deposit belongs to a low-density(0.73–0.86 g/cm3),medium-temperature(240–340℃),and medium-salinity(4.01–10.74 wt%NaCl)NaCl-CO2-H2O fluid system.The C-H-O isotopic analysis suggests that the mineralizing fluids is derived from magmatic water,with later contributions from atmospheric precipitation.In-situ S isotopic results indicate that the mineralizing materials mainly derive from igneous rocks.A comprehensive analysis concludes that the Mailong gold deposit is a mesothermal hydrothermal vein-type gold deposit controlled by structural factors.
基金NR SEQUOIA(ANR-22-CE18-0006)Nan0Gold(ANR-22-CE29-0022)+3 种基金SAMURAI(ANR-24-CE19-2073-01)Wilive(ANR-24-CE09-2351-03)EUR CBH-EUR-GS(ANR-17-EURE 0003)for their financial supportthe French National Research Agency(Labex ARCANE,ANR-11-LABX-003 and CBH-EUR-GS,ANR-17-EURE-0003)that supported part of this study.
文摘Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Special Project-Research on the New Optoelectronic Imaging and Information Processing Basic Theory and Method(No:BK20192003).
文摘This review summarizes studies of hydrothermal alteration minerals at the Qiucun gold deposit in southeastern China and focuses on characterization and mapping of the deposit using hyperspectral remote sensing.The deposit exhibits multistage fluid-rock interaction,as evidenced by systematic alteration assemblages,including silicification,sericitization by white micas,the development of argillaceous clays,variable chloritization,and locally significant carbonate alteration.We describe the genetic importance of such mineral groups and emphasize their diagnostic Visible and Near-Infrared to Short-Wave Infrared(VNIR-SWIR)spectral signatures,especially Al-OH,Mg-OH/Fe-OH,and CO3 absorption bands,which make it possible to distinguish between minerals,not to mention the fact that,in some instances,compositional trends may be predicted.This review’s methodological advances are discussed beginning with data collection at satellite,airborne,and ground levels,proceeding to processing procedures,such as atmospheric and topographic correction,and culminating in spectral analysis,including continuum removal,spectral matching,and unmixing/classification techniques.An integrated study of hyperspectral findings reveals that alteration minerals develop spatially coherent zones that are strongly controlled by fault/fracture structures and host-rock reactivity,producing proximal silicification/sericitization cores and larger silicified/larcenies of argillaceous rocks owing to diverse apex coverings of carbonate.This should be combined with petrography and geochemistry to address overprinting,mixed pixels,and surface weathering,and to couple mineral maps with ore-forming processes.The review finds that hyperspectral remote sensing offers a solid modeling platform for the deposit-scale alteration at Qiucun and other hydrothermal gold systems,and outlines the directions for future research to integrate quantitatively and more threedimensional alteration characterization.
基金RGM is grateful to CNPq for the PDE fellowship(200437/2025-9),MTM acknowledges CNPq research scholarship(314470/2023-9)FAPESP fundings(2022/01825-22025/063196).
文摘Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminescence from the visible to near-infrared range,water solubility,and good biocompatibility.These features,combined with low toxicity and efficient renal clearance,make such Au NCs promising candidates for biomedical use,including diagnosis,therapy,and theranostic.The incorporation of peptides or drugs into Au NCs enhances the stability,targeting specificity,cellular uptake,and prolonged circulation,enabling precise modulation of biological responses.Despite notable advances in achieving atomic precision employing complex ligands such as peptides or drugs,the synthetic methods of this new class of NCs remain a challenge.Careful control of molar ratio(Au:peptide/drug),reducing agent,temperature,and reaction time is required,because these factors directly influence the cluster size,optical properties,and in vivo performance.In this review,we highlight different synthetic approaches of atomically precise peptide-and drug-protected Au NCs,emphasizing the role of rational ligand design and reaction conditions,as well as the challenges associated with structural determination.We further discuss the optical and photoluminescence properties of peptide-protected Au NCs-the mostly explored features for biomedical applications.Finally,we conclude by outlining the current challenges,opportunities for scale-up synthesis,and future design perspectives for these emerging nanomaterials.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(12304422,52501261,52273233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(512200-X92103)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230911)the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30923010209)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025QN05053).
文摘The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will significantly magnify the SERS signals of the analyte molecules and thus each of these molecules will be miscounted to be hundreds during the quantification process.We demonstrate a concept to circumvent the above contradiction by engineering a timeshare SERS platform capable of working at the quantitative or the sensitive mode on demand.The timeshare SERS platform was constructed by transferring a monolayer gold nanosphere film onto elastic substrates(e.g.,hydrogel).The volume change of the hydrogel could adjust the inter-nanosphere distance,dynamically controlling the formation or extinction of the SERS hottest spots on the same SERS substrate without influencing the spatial distribution of the analyte molecules.The timeshare SERS platform without the SERS hottest spots showed strong quantification capability,while when equipped with a substantial number of the SERS hottest spots exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity.We demonstrated quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of various analyte molecules using the quantitative and the sensitive mode of the timeshare SERS platform,respectively.We opened an avenue towards designing SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and strong quantification capability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22177133,22278438)。
文摘Rational design of nanozymes with enhanced catalytic efficiency remains a central challenge in the development of artificial enzymes.Herein,we report the construction of ultrasmall gold nanoclusterbased nanoassemblies(Dp-Au NCs@Fe^(2+)) through the coordination of Fe^(2+) ions by a dopa-containing peptidomimetic ligand(Dp CDp).This nanoarchitecture simultaneously integrates catalytically active gold cores and redox-active Fe^(2+)centers,bridged by Dp CDp to facilitate directional electron transfer.Comprehensive spectroscopic and kinetic analyses reveal that Dp CDp promotes efficient charge migration from the Au core to surface-bound Fe^(2+),significantly enhancing H_(2)O_(2)-mediated peroxidase-like activity.Compared to bare Dp-Au NCs,Dp-Au NCs@Fe^(2+) display a 4.3-fold improvement in detection sensitivity,a 6.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency,and markedly stronger hydroxyl radical generation.Mechanistically,this activity stems from a synergistic triad:direct H_(2)O_(2) oxidation at gold surfaces,radical generation at Fe^(2+) sites,and Dp CDp-facilitated electron shuttling.This work presents a robust strategy for nanozyme enhancement via electronic and structural co-engineering,offering valuable insights for the future design of bioinspired catalytic systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51972302)。
文摘The recovery of gold from waste electronic and electric equipment(WEEE) has gained great attention with the increased number of WEEE,because it can largely alleviate the pressure on the environment and resources.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are ideal adsorbents for gold recovery owing to their large surface area,good stability,easily functionalized ability,periodic structures,and definitive nanopores.Herein,a cyano-functionalized COF(COF-CN) with high crystallinity was large-scale prepared under mild conditions for the recovery of gold.The introduction of cyano groups enable COF-CN to exhibit excellent gold recovery performance,which possesses fast adsorption kinetics,high cycling stability,and adsorption capacity up to 663.67 mg/g.Excitingly,COF-CN showed extremely high selectivity for gold ions,even in the presence of various competing cations and anions.The COF-CN maintained excellent selectivity and removal efficiency in gold recovery experiments from WEEE.The facile synthesis of COF-CN and its outstanding selectivity in actual samples make it an attractive opportunity for practical gold recovery.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20200709)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62288102,32201127 and 82270113)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2023A1515011386)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutes (No.20KJB430031)the startup fund from Nanjing Tech University,and Disciplinary Fund of School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2024)。
文摘The field of nanomedicine has been revolutionized by the concept of immunogenic cell death(ICD)-enhanced cancer therapy,which holds immense promise for the efficient treatment of cancer.However,precise delivery of ICD inducer is severely hindered by complex biological barriers.How to design and build intelligent nanoplatform for adaptive and dynamic cancer therapy remains a big challenge.Herein,this article presents the design and preparation of CD44-targeting and ZIF-8 gated gold nanocage(Au@ZH) for programmed delivery of the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-Pt(Ⅱ)(DACHPt) as ICD inducer.After actively targeting the CD44 on the surface of 4T1 tumor cell,this Pt-Au@ZH can be effectively endocytosed by the 4T1 cell and release the DACHPt in tumor acidic environment,resulting in ICD effect and superior antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of mild 808 nm laser irradiation.By integration of internal and external stimuli intelligently,this programmed nanoplatform is poised to become a cornerstone in the pursuit of effective and targeted cancer therapy in the foreseeable future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51602314 and61504151)the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2023YFE0101300 and 2024YFA1409600)+2 种基金the Research Fund for International Young Scientists,China (No.52350410462)the Research Fund from Zhejiang Province,China (No.2022R01001)Shandong University for the support on electrical measurement
文摘Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional nanowires(NWs)is crucial for their large-scale applications,but it usually requires complicated catalyst designs with multiple compositions and careful tuning of synthesis parameters.In this study,we performed a systematic investigation into the impact of the shape of Au particles on the geometry and composition of the obtained NWs.We discovered that octahedral,dodecahedral,and cubic Au particles selectively catalyze the growth of Ga,GaAs,and Ga/GaAs heterojunction NWs,respectively.The mechanism stems from the difference in the solubility of Ga in Au catalysts with distinct shapes(i.e.,curvatures)due to the Gibbs-Thomson(G-T)effect:Au octahedrons(7.42 nm),featuring smaller curvature radii,enhance the solubility of Ga precursors,enabling efficient diffusion and faster growth of Ga NWs;Au dodecahedrons(11.22 nm)with larger curvature radii exhibit moderate Ga solubility,favoring the growth of GaAs NWs;Au cubes(10.51 nm)with intermediate Ga solubility,yield Ga/GaAs heterojunction NWs.Finally,we fabricated NW field effect transistors(FETs)and revealed that the Ga NWs exhibited promising electrical characteristics with a resistivity of 2.54×10^(−4)Ω·m,and GaAs NWs showed p-type characteristics.All these results illustrate the promising potential for tuning the geometry and composition of NWs by a single parameter,i.e.,merely changing the shape of a single Au particle.
文摘Chinese New Year is a time of vibrant energy and delightful surprises.Streets across China glow with red and gold decorations,while the air carries the scent of freshly steamed pastries and a wide variety of sweet treats.As the Year of the Horse gallops in,it brings a surge of vitality to the communities.Beyond fireworks,decorations,and dragon dances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974016).
文摘Microwave roasting self-leaching is an innovative method for recovering gold from high-sulfur refractory gold concentrates,without using deadly toxic cyanide reagents.However,the mechanism of gold self-leaching,which relies on lixiviants prepared using volatilized sulfur obtained from roasting,has not been fully elucidated.This study employs the response surface methodology to optimize processing parameters,resulting in an increased gold extraction rate of 96.18%.Analytical factorization and the Tafel curve indicate that CuSO_(4) and NH_(3)·H_(2)O significantly influence the self-leaching process.Furthermore,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),polysulfides(S_(n)^(2−)),and thiosulfate(S_(2)O_(3)^(2−))are involved in the gold leaching reaction,with S^(2−),S_(2)^(2−),and S_(n)^(2−) serving as primary ligands for gold complexation.The role of S_(2)O_(3)^(2−) in the early stages of the gold-leaching reaction is also noteworthy.The copper–ammonia complex catalyzes the self-leaching gold reaction;however,an improper addition ratio can lead to copper-sulfur compound precipitates,reducing the extraction rate.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0703600)。
文摘Highlights By conjugating the same anti-N monoclonal antibody(mAb4-mAb1)with colloidal gold or fluorescent microspheres,this study developed two rapid point-of-care antigen immunochromatographic strips for the detection of porcine deltacoronavirus.The fluorescent microsphere-based lateral flow test strip demonstrated a sensitivity of 10^(1.7)TCID_(50)/0.1 mL,which is fourfold higher than that of the colloidal gold-based assay.Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV)is a recently identified enteric coronavirus that causes an acute infectious disease in piglets,leading to diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration,and mortality(Hu et al.2015).
