BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes that can lead to kidney damage and high blood pressure.Increasing evidence support the important roles of microproteins and cyt...BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes that can lead to kidney damage and high blood pressure.Increasing evidence support the important roles of microproteins and cytokines,such asβ2-microglobulin(β2-MG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),in the pathogenesis of this disease.In this study,we identified novel therapeutic options for this disease.AIM To analyze the guiding significance ofβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in patients with DN.METHODS A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nephropathy and treated in our hospital from May 2018 to February 2021 were included in the study.Additionally,107 healthy individuals and 107 patients with simple diabetes mellitus were selected as the control groups.Changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in the three groups as well as the different proteinuria exhibited by the three groups were examined.RESULTS Changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in the disease,healthy,and simple diabetes groups were significantly different(P<0.05).The expression of these factors from high to low were evaluated in different groups by pairwise comparison.In the disease group,high to low changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels were noted in the massive proteinuria,microproteinuria,and normal urinary protein groups,respectively.Changes in these factors were positively correlated with disease progression.CONCLUSION The expression of serumβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF was closely correlated with DN progression,and disease progression could be evaluated by these factors.展开更多
A glycopolymer bearing glucose residues was tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane by UV-induced graft polymerization ofα-allyl glucoside.Concanavalin A (Con A),a glucose recognizing lectin,c...A glycopolymer bearing glucose residues was tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane by UV-induced graft polymerization ofα-allyl glucoside.Concanavalin A (Con A),a glucose recognizing lectin,could be specifically adsorbed to the membrane surface.On the other hand,the membrane surface showed no recognition ability to another lectin peanut agglutinin.Moreover,the recognition complex between the glycosylated membrane surface and Con A could be inhibited by glucose and mannose solution.T...展开更多
The interaction among type Ⅱ collagen(CⅡ),human DR4 major histocompatibility complex type Ⅱ molecule(MHC Ⅱ)and T-cell receptor(TCR)is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).The activation of T...The interaction among type Ⅱ collagen(CⅡ),human DR4 major histocompatibility complex type Ⅱ molecule(MHC Ⅱ)and T-cell receptor(TCR)is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).The activation of T cells can be reduced through exposure to modified CⅡ(263-272)glycopeptide fragment via competitive inhibition with self-antigen.In this work,30 peptides based on the sequence of CⅡ(263-272)were prepared and evaluated for their binding to DR4 protein by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)assay.The effect on the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by the spleen cells in collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis(CIA)mouse was also investigated.Two N-glycosylated CⅡ peptides were identified to have strong binding to the human recombinant DR4 protein and weak proinflammatory effect.These glycopeptides could be developed as therapeutic saccharide vaccines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(...Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into five groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+0.2%(w/w) alum, inactivated H_9N_2+0.5 mg recombinant AAL/kg body weight(BW), inactivated H_9N_2+1.0 mg AAL/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg AAL/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. In trial 2, 30 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into three groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg recombinant wild-type AAL(AAL-wt)/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD) mutant AAL(AAL-mut R63H)/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, serum samples were collected from each group for analysis. Hemagglutination assay, immunogold electron microscope, lectin blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction between AAL and H_9N_2 in vitro. Results: Ig G, Ig G1, and Ig G2 a antibody levels were significantly increased in the sera of mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL when compared to mice immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 alone. No significant increase of the Ig G antibody level was detected in the sera of the mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL-mut R63 H. Moreover, AAL-wt, but not mutant AAL-mut R63 H, adhered to the surface of H_9N_2 virus. The interaction between AAL and the H_9N_2 virus was further demonstrated to be associated with the CRD of AAL binding to the surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that AAL could be a safe and effective adjuvant capable of boosting humoral immunity against H_9N_2 viruses in mice through its interaction with the viral surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.展开更多
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to contro...Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to control diabetes mellitus and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between serum chromium, with HbA1c, Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients among diabetic patients. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study done in Jabber Abu Ezz Centre for treatment and care of diabetics in Khartoum—Sudan. Four hundred subjects were enrolled in this study;one hundred subjects were normal healthy as control group, and three hundred subjects diabetic patient type 2 as test group;demographic and biochemical data were collected;serum chromium, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol Triglycerides, were determined by using NYCOCARD READER II, spectrophotometer (Biosystem 310) and spectrophotometer 210-VGP. Result: In this study there is significant parameters level means of FBS HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium of the test groups when compared with healthy control groups subjects (P = 0.001, 0.018, 0.01, 0.011, 0.004), respectively. Significant negative correlation is between FBS, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium (r = ?0.555, P value = 0.003), (r = ?0.668, P value = 0.002), (r = ?0.335, P value = 0.004) and (r = ?0.774, P value = 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between serum Chromium level with fasting blood sugaer, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients.展开更多
Objective: to explore the role of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated hemoglobin index in the diagnosis of diseased diabetes patients. Methods: eighty patients with suspected diabetes were selected from our hospita...Objective: to explore the role of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated hemoglobin index in the diagnosis of diseased diabetes patients. Methods: eighty patients with suspected diabetes were selected from our hospital, and the selected time range was from August 2021 to August 2022. They were set as the observation group. Eighty patients with physical examination were collected at the same time, and they were set as the control group. The clinical comprehensive diagnosis results and the positive detection rate of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated egg white index were observed. The gold standard was clinical comprehensive diagnosis, To evaluate the efficacy of relying on serum C-peptide index and glycosylated protein index in patients with suspected diabetes. The measurement values of serum C-peptide index level, glycosylated hemoglobin index level and blood glucose index level of the patients diagnosed as diabetes in the observation group and the subjects included in the control group were analyzed. Results: among the 80 patients suspected of diabetes in the observation group, 68 were diagnosed as diabetes according to the clinical comprehensive diagnosis results, accounting for 85.00%. The diagnosis was carried out only according to the serum C-peptide index, and 57 cases were positive, accounting for 71.25%. The diagnosis was carried out only according to the glycosylated hemoglobin index, and 56 cases were positive, accounting for 70.00%. The combined diagnosis of the two indexes showed that 67 cases were positive, accounting for 83.75%, which was significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The method of joint test of serum C-peptide index item and glycosylated hemoglobin index item was used to carry out the diagnosis of patients with suspected diabetes. The sensitivity index, specificity index and accuracy index were significantly higher than those of the two indicators used alone, of which, the sensitivity and accuracy were significantly different (P < 0.05). After testing the body serum C-peptide index of patients diagnosed as diabetes in the observation group, its value was lower than that of the control group, and after testing the glycosylated hemoglobin index and blood glucose index, its value was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: for patients with diabetes, attention should be paid to the joint test of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated hemoglobin index. The diagnostic efficacy is high and the value is significant.展开更多
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer dr...Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs and reduce the side effects in remote tissue. In the present study, two prodrugs-glycosylated aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized. Glucose and lactose were converted into glycosyl donors-trichloroacetimidate; the obtained glycosyl donors were glycosylated with p-nitrophenol （ glycosyl donors） to form β-glucosyl p-nitrobenzene and β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene that were protected by acetyl in a stereoselective manner; the two products were reduced by zinc dust and then treated with ethylene oxide, afforded two glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives that were protected by acetyl; the last step was to deacetylate and then afforded the two target compounds that could be used as prodrugs of ADEPT for further Anti-tumor research.展开更多
Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave free...Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave freeze drying(MFD)on the preparation of hydrolyzed/glycosylated ovalbumin(HGOVA)and provide useful information on the applications of egg protein powders in the food industry.Results demonstrated that the structure of HGOVA was considerably changed,and its functional properties were improved compared with those of native OVA.SD and MFD processing did not lead to dissociation of HGOVA subunits.SD-HGOVA exhibited higher protein solubility,emulsifying activity,foaming capacities,and gel hardness than MFD-HGOVA.However,MFD-HGOVA was better than the SD-HGOVA in terms of color,emulsion stability,foam stability,water/oil absorption capacity,and thermal stability.Selection of an appropriate drying method could enhance the potential applications of HGOVA in the food industry.展开更多
Herein,we firstly developed a non-covalent glycosylated gold nanoparticles/peptides nanovaccine which is assembled byβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)based host-vip recognitions.This nanovaccine can generate significant titers...Herein,we firstly developed a non-covalent glycosylated gold nanoparticles/peptides nanovaccine which is assembled byβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)based host-vip recognitions.This nanovaccine can generate significant titers of antibodies and improve the therapeutic effect against melanoma,suggesting the immunogenicity of peptide antigens can be improved by loading with this carrier.The novel vaccine carrier provides a platform for the transport of various antigens especially T cell-independent antigens.展开更多
Commercial tissue adhesives have been widely applied in wound hemostats and dressings while enhancing the hemostasis and healing capabilities is challenging to meet clinical needs.Herein,we designed the glucose-and ca...Commercial tissue adhesives have been widely applied in wound hemostats and dressings while enhancing the hemostasis and healing capabilities is challenging to meet clinical needs.Herein,we designed the glucose-and catechol-functionalized derivatives from commercialε-polylysine(EPL)and prepared the hydrogels by simple amidation and catechol-crosslinking reactions,which have larger swelling ratios of 220%–240%,suitable microporous size of about 6–8µm,and tissue adhesion strength of about 20–40 kPa.The hemolysis,cytotoxicity,and cellular double-staining assays indicate that those hydrogels had good biocompatibility and the H-3 hydrogel with higher glucose content gave a lower hemolysis ratio of 0.73%±0.14%.The blood-clotting index,blood cell attachment and adhesion studies showed those hydrogels had fast blood-coagulation,resulting in excellent hemostasis performance with a short hemostatic time of 38–46 s and less blood loss of 19%–34%in a liver hemorrhage model.A full-thickness rat-skin defect model further demonstrates that the H-3 hydrogel achieved fast wound healing with a wound closure of 70.0%±2.7%on postoperative day 7 and nearly full closure on day 14.Remarkably,the hydroproline level that denotes the collagen production reached a higher one of 7.24±0.55µg/mg comparable to that in normal skins on day 14,evidencing the wound healing was close to completion in the H-3 treatment.Consequently,this work provides a simple method to construct a glycosylated and catechol-functionalized hydrogel platform from commercial EPL,holding translational potentials in wound hemostats and dressings.展开更多
Glucose transporter(GLUT)-mediated transcytosis has been validated as an efficient method to cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance brain transport of nanomedicines.However,the transcytosis process remains elusive....Glucose transporter(GLUT)-mediated transcytosis has been validated as an efficient method to cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance brain transport of nanomedicines.However,the transcytosis process remains elusive.Glycopeptide-modified nanodisks(Gly-A7R-NDs),which demonstrated high capacity of brain targeting via GLUT-mediated transcytosis in our previous reports,were utilized to better understand the whole transcytosis process.Gly-A7R-NDs internalized brain capillary endothelial cells mainly via GLUT-mediated/clathrin dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis.The intracellular Gly-A7R-NDs remained intact,and the main excretion route of Gly-A7R-NDs was lysosomal exocytosis.Glycosylation of nanomedicine was crucial in GLUT-mediated transcytosis,while morphology did not affect the efficiency.This study highlights the pivotal roles of lysosomal exocytosis in the process of GLUT-mediated transcytosis,providing a new impetus to development of brain targeting drug delivery by accelerating lysosomal exocytosis.展开更多
Bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity.Maillard glycosylated reacti...Bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity.Maillard glycosylated reaction is considered as a promising method to enhance the antioxidant activity of peptides.Hence,this research aims at investigating the Maillard glycosylation activity and antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates from different sources.In this study,3 glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates were prepared and characterized,and cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were analyzed and evaluated.The free amino groups loss,browning intensity,and fluorescence intensity of G-Cbcp(glycosylated chicken bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))were the heaviest,followed by G-Pbcp(glycosylated porcine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))and G-Bbcp(glycosylated bovine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)).The results of amino acid analysis showed that amino acid composition of different bone collagen hydrolysates was significantly different and the amino acid decreased to different degrees after Maillard glycosylated reaction,which may lead to differences in Maillard glycosylated reaction activity.Furthermore,the 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed no significant cytotoxicity.The results showed that glycosylation process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates,and G-Cbcp showed the strongest antioxidant activity,followed by G-Pbcp and G-Bbcp.Therefore,compared with the bone collagen hydrolysates,3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed significant characteristic and structural changes,and higher antioxidant activity.展开更多
Many cancer cells in solid tumors are hypoxic or pseudohypoxic and create acidic environment for malignancy progression. Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play pathological roles ...Many cancer cells in solid tumors are hypoxic or pseudohypoxic and create acidic environment for malignancy progression. Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play pathological roles in cancer cell survival and spreading. HIF regulates several genes such as genes of glucose transporters that enhance anaerobic glycolysis, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX). CA-IX is a cell-surface glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to protons and bicarbonate ions (respiratory acidification). This process is involved in adaptation to acidosis and implicated in cancer progression. Therefore, CA-IX inhibitors (such as sulfonamide-based compounds) showed hoping results in reduction malignancy progression. The article aims to reversal the malignant hypoxic environment in solid tumors to create a condition of weakness within the cancer for further focused cisplatin potency. This article suggests the use of modified synthesized HIF as a drug delivery molecule for both carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor and glycosylated cisplatin that damages the DNA of malignant cell. HIF molecule has high affinity to bind with CA IX-expressing malignant cells, which is followed by cell entrance via endocytosis. Once the HIF-Cisplatin-CA-inhibitor complex enters the cell, the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor will improve the cellular pH that makes the environment unsuitable for HIF 1α function and it may be ubiquitinated. So, the raise in target genes transcription will be arrested. On the other hand, once the synthetized HIF is degraded, the cisplatin molecules will be released inside the malignant cell and start to damage its DNA. This approach may be a good solution for many solid tumors.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies,primarily due to metastatic disease,where current therapies are largely ineffective(5-year survival rate<25%).Epithelial-to-me...Dear Editor,Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies,primarily due to metastatic disease,where current therapies are largely ineffective(5-year survival rate<25%).Epithelial-to-mesenchym al transition(EMT)is a critical process that confers metastatic plasticity to ovarian cancer cells,enabling aggressive peritoneal dissemination,and contributing to poor clinical outcomes.展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of physical activity(PA)on carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with poor HbA,c control.Methods A total of 2505 T2DM inpatients...Objective To explore the effects of physical activity(PA)on carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with poor HbA,c control.Methods A total of 2505 T2DM inpatients with poor HbA,c control who visited the Endocrinology Department of the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to February 2022 were enrolled in this study.The patients were categorized into the mild-intensity PA(1-599 MET-min/w,n=795),moderate-intensity PA(600-1499 MET-min/w,n=1107)and high-intensity PA(≥1500 MET-min/w,n=603)based on the metabolic equivalence level(MET).Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between PA and CIMT thickening.Statifiedanalysis wasused to investigate the effects of blood pressure(BP)and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)target status on CIMTthicknessindifferenttPA groups.Results Restricted cubic spline plots showed a nonlinear relationship between PA levels and the risk of CIMT thickening(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that with moderate-intensity PA as the control,while highintensity PA was the influence factor of CIMT thickening(0R 1.581,95%CI 1.244-2.010,P<0.05).Statified analyses showed that under mild-intensity PA,using neither BP nor LDL-C on target as reference,achievement of either index and both were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Using BP on targetas reference,achievements of both indexes,achievements of neither of both indexes,and achievement of LDL-C only were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Using LDL-C on target as reference,achievement of neither of them and achievement of BP only were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Under high-intensity PA,achievement of both indexes was negatively associated with CIMT thickening.Conclusion Moderate-intensity PA is the recommended scheme to prevent CIMT thickening in T2DM patients whose HbA,c is not up to standard.Mild-intensity PA is not related to the risk of CIMT thickening,while high-intensity PA is positively related to the risk of CIMT thickening,and focusing on LDL-C compliance is particularly important to avoid CIMT thickening.展开更多
The intestinal mucus barrier is a crucial component of the host's innate defense system,playing a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.Glycosylated mucins,the cor...The intestinal mucus barrier is a crucial component of the host's innate defense system,playing a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.Glycosylated mucins,the core components of this barrier,are essential for preserving its integrity by preventing bacterial degradation.Additionally,mucins significantly contribute to establishing a balanced symbiotic relationship between the host and microbes.These mucins have the potential to mitigate intestinal epithelial damage by capturing and transporting cell debris and pathogenic bacteria.Meanwhile,certain bacteria help maintain the equilibrium and stability of the gut microbiome by degrading glycosylated mucins to utilize the carbohydrate chains,thus affecting the cytokine expression to regulate the synthesis and secretion of specific glycans.Investigating the complex connections between the mucus barrier and mucin glycosylation holds great promise for advancing our understanding of gastrointestinal disease mechanisms,paving the way for innovative prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
Background The clinical importance of glycaemic control in patients with diabetes has been well established. This study aimed to explore twice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 （BIAsp 30） for insulin initiation in pa...Background The clinical importance of glycaemic control in patients with diabetes has been well established. This study aimed to explore twice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 （BIAsp 30） for insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） who had poor glycaemic control with human insulins （His）. We use data from a Chinese cohort of the PRESENT study.Methods In the 3-month study, Chinese subjects with T2DM started insulin therapy with BIAsp 30 in routine care. Glycaemic control was measured by glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and posting plasma glucose （PPG）. The safety assessment included hypoglycaemia and other adverse events.Results A total of 1989 subjects previously treated with His were switched to BIAsp 30 for 3-month treatment. Mean HbA1c, FPG and PPG were significantly improved after the therapy. The overall rate of hypoglycaemia decreased at the end of the trial except for the patients previously treated with long-acting insulin. Most of the events were minor and diurnal hypoglycaemia. Only one serious adverse drug reaction （SADR）, a local hypersensitivity, was reported. The majority of the patients （296.7%） and physicians （≥84.7%） were either satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment using BIAsp 30 compared with previous HI therapy.Conclusion The BIAsp 30 treatment improved both glycaemic control and patients＇ satisfaction without increasing hypoglycaemia in T2DM subjects inadequately controlled by Hls.展开更多
UDP-Glycosyltransferases(UGTs)catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors,among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosid...UDP-Glycosyltransferases(UGTs)catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors,among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides.Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads,cosmetics,nutrients and sweeteners.In this review,we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs.We also discuss recent progress in the identifi-cation of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products(PNPs)using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models.We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions.Finally,we cover recent breakthroughs in the appli-cation of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs,including flavonoid glycosides(fisetin 3-O-glycosides,astragalin,scutellarein 7-O-glucoside),terpenoid glycosides(rebaudioside A,ginseno-sides)and polyketide glycosides(salidroside,polydatin).展开更多
Background Periodontal disease is closely related to type 2 diabetes and is an important complication of diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on levels of blood glucose （Glu） ...Background Periodontal disease is closely related to type 2 diabetes and is an important complication of diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on levels of blood glucose （Glu） and glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.Methods A total of 107 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease were selected and divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels. Group A was a well-controlled diabetic group and group B was uncontrolled.Their probing depth （PD）, attachment loss （AL）, the value of Glu and HbA1c were analyzed before periodontal treatment and 4 months later.Results There was a significant difference in periodontal condition between groups A and B （P 〈0.01）. The periodontal condition for both groups was significantly （P〈0.01） improved after periodontal therapy. The effect of treatment in group A was more pronounced than group B, and the difference was significant （P 〈0.01）. After the periodontal treatment, Glu and HbA1c were reduced significantly in both groups （P 〈0.05）.Conclusions Periodontal condition is related to the control of Glu level among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment can effectively reduce the level of Glu and HbA1c as well as improve the periodontal condition in elderly type-2 diabetes patients with periodontal disease.展开更多
The aim of this study was to observe the changes in glucose metabolism after antipsychotic(APS)therapy,to note the influencing factors,as well as to discuss the relationship between the occurrence of glucose metabolis...The aim of this study was to observe the changes in glucose metabolism after antipsychotic(APS)therapy,to note the influencing factors,as well as to discuss the relationship between the occurrence of glucose metabolism disorders of APS origin and abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels.One hundred and fifty-two patients with schizophrenia,whose fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and 2-h plasma glucose(2hPG)in the oral glucose tolerance test(2HPG)were normal,were grouped according to the HbA1c levels,one normal and the other abnormal,and were randomly enrolled into risperidone,clozapine and chlorpromazine treatment for six weeks.The FPG and 2hPG were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study.In the group with abnormal HbA1c and clozapine therapy,2HPG was higher after the study[(9.5±1.8)mmol/L]than that before the study[(7.2±1.4)mmol/L]and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).FPG had no statistically significant difference before and after the study in any group(P>0.05).HbA1c levels and drugs contributing to 2HPG at the end of study had statistical cross-action(P<0.01).In the abnormal HbA1c group,2HPG after the study was higher in the clozapine treatment group[(9.5±1.8)mmol/L]than in the risperidone treatment group[(7.4±1.7)mmol/L]and the chlorpromazine treatment group[(7.3±1.6)mmol/L].The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).In the normal HbA1c group there was no statistically significant difference before and after the study in any group(P>0.05).2HPG before[(7.1±1.6)mmol/L]and after the study[(8.1±1.9)mmol/L]was higher in the abnormal HbA1c group than in the normal HbA1c group[(6.2±1.4)mmol/L vs(6.5±1.4)mmol/L]with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.01 vs P<0.001).As compared with normal HbA1c group,the relative risk(RR)of glucose metabolism disease occurrence was 4.7 in the abnormal HbA1c group with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.001).Patients with abnormal HbA1c are more likely to have a higher risk of having glucose metabolism disorders after APS treatment.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes that can lead to kidney damage and high blood pressure.Increasing evidence support the important roles of microproteins and cytokines,such asβ2-microglobulin(β2-MG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),in the pathogenesis of this disease.In this study,we identified novel therapeutic options for this disease.AIM To analyze the guiding significance ofβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in patients with DN.METHODS A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nephropathy and treated in our hospital from May 2018 to February 2021 were included in the study.Additionally,107 healthy individuals and 107 patients with simple diabetes mellitus were selected as the control groups.Changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in the three groups as well as the different proteinuria exhibited by the three groups were examined.RESULTS Changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels in the disease,healthy,and simple diabetes groups were significantly different(P<0.05).The expression of these factors from high to low were evaluated in different groups by pairwise comparison.In the disease group,high to low changes inβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF levels were noted in the massive proteinuria,microproteinuria,and normal urinary protein groups,respectively.Changes in these factors were positively correlated with disease progression.CONCLUSION The expression of serumβ2-MG,HbA1c,and VEGF was closely correlated with DN progression,and disease progression could be evaluated by these factors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20474054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.50625309).
文摘A glycopolymer bearing glucose residues was tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane by UV-induced graft polymerization ofα-allyl glucoside.Concanavalin A (Con A),a glucose recognizing lectin,could be specifically adsorbed to the membrane surface.On the other hand,the membrane surface showed no recognition ability to another lectin peanut agglutinin.Moreover,the recognition complex between the glycosylated membrane surface and Con A could be inhibited by glucose and mannose solution.T...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81930097,21977005,82151223)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF1203005).
文摘The interaction among type Ⅱ collagen(CⅡ),human DR4 major histocompatibility complex type Ⅱ molecule(MHC Ⅱ)and T-cell receptor(TCR)is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).The activation of T cells can be reduced through exposure to modified CⅡ(263-272)glycopeptide fragment via competitive inhibition with self-antigen.In this work,30 peptides based on the sequence of CⅡ(263-272)were prepared and evaluated for their binding to DR4 protein by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)assay.The effect on the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by the spleen cells in collagen induced rheumatoid arthritis(CIA)mouse was also investigated.Two N-glycosylated CⅡ peptides were identified to have strong binding to the human recombinant DR4 protein and weak proinflammatory effect.These glycopeptides could be developed as therapeutic saccharide vaccines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30771501 and 81102850)the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2011CB811302)+2 种基金the National Mega Project on Major Drug Development(No.2009ZX09301-014-1)the Chinese 111 Project(No.B06018)the Wuhan Municipal Project(No.201160923296),China
文摘Objective: To evaluate the potential adjuvant effect of Agrocybe aegerita lectin(AAL), which was isolated from mushroom, against a virulent H_9N_2 strain in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In trial 1, 50 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into five groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+0.2%(w/w) alum, inactivated H_9N_2+0.5 mg recombinant AAL/kg body weight(BW), inactivated H_9N_2+1.0 mg AAL/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg AAL/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. In trial 2, 30 BALB/c male mice(8 weeks old) were divided into three groups(n=10 each group) which received a subcutaneous injection of inactivated H_9N_2(control), inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg recombinant wild-type AAL(AAL-wt)/kg BW, and inactivated H_9N_2+2.5 mg carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD) mutant AAL(AAL-mut R63H)/kg BW, respectively, four times at 7-d intervals. Seven days after the final immunization, serum samples were collected from each group for analysis. Hemagglutination assay, immunogold electron microscope, lectin blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction between AAL and H_9N_2 in vitro. Results: Ig G, Ig G1, and Ig G2 a antibody levels were significantly increased in the sera of mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL when compared to mice immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 alone. No significant increase of the Ig G antibody level was detected in the sera of the mice co-immunized with inactivated H_9N_2 and AAL-mut R63 H. Moreover, AAL-wt, but not mutant AAL-mut R63 H, adhered to the surface of H_9N_2 virus. The interaction between AAL and the H_9N_2 virus was further demonstrated to be associated with the CRD of AAL binding to the surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that AAL could be a safe and effective adjuvant capable of boosting humoral immunity against H_9N_2 viruses in mice through its interaction with the viral surface glycosylated proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
文摘Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to control diabetes mellitus and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between serum chromium, with HbA1c, Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients among diabetic patients. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study done in Jabber Abu Ezz Centre for treatment and care of diabetics in Khartoum—Sudan. Four hundred subjects were enrolled in this study;one hundred subjects were normal healthy as control group, and three hundred subjects diabetic patient type 2 as test group;demographic and biochemical data were collected;serum chromium, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol Triglycerides, were determined by using NYCOCARD READER II, spectrophotometer (Biosystem 310) and spectrophotometer 210-VGP. Result: In this study there is significant parameters level means of FBS HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium of the test groups when compared with healthy control groups subjects (P = 0.001, 0.018, 0.01, 0.011, 0.004), respectively. Significant negative correlation is between FBS, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium (r = ?0.555, P value = 0.003), (r = ?0.668, P value = 0.002), (r = ?0.335, P value = 0.004) and (r = ?0.774, P value = 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between serum Chromium level with fasting blood sugaer, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients.
文摘Objective: to explore the role of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated hemoglobin index in the diagnosis of diseased diabetes patients. Methods: eighty patients with suspected diabetes were selected from our hospital, and the selected time range was from August 2021 to August 2022. They were set as the observation group. Eighty patients with physical examination were collected at the same time, and they were set as the control group. The clinical comprehensive diagnosis results and the positive detection rate of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated egg white index were observed. The gold standard was clinical comprehensive diagnosis, To evaluate the efficacy of relying on serum C-peptide index and glycosylated protein index in patients with suspected diabetes. The measurement values of serum C-peptide index level, glycosylated hemoglobin index level and blood glucose index level of the patients diagnosed as diabetes in the observation group and the subjects included in the control group were analyzed. Results: among the 80 patients suspected of diabetes in the observation group, 68 were diagnosed as diabetes according to the clinical comprehensive diagnosis results, accounting for 85.00%. The diagnosis was carried out only according to the serum C-peptide index, and 57 cases were positive, accounting for 71.25%. The diagnosis was carried out only according to the glycosylated hemoglobin index, and 56 cases were positive, accounting for 70.00%. The combined diagnosis of the two indexes showed that 67 cases were positive, accounting for 83.75%, which was significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The method of joint test of serum C-peptide index item and glycosylated hemoglobin index item was used to carry out the diagnosis of patients with suspected diabetes. The sensitivity index, specificity index and accuracy index were significantly higher than those of the two indicators used alone, of which, the sensitivity and accuracy were significantly different (P < 0.05). After testing the body serum C-peptide index of patients diagnosed as diabetes in the observation group, its value was lower than that of the control group, and after testing the glycosylated hemoglobin index and blood glucose index, its value was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: for patients with diabetes, attention should be paid to the joint test of serum C-peptide index and glycosylated hemoglobin index. The diagnostic efficacy is high and the value is significant.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No20030708)the Natural Science Foundation of JinlinProrince, P R China(No20050702-4)
文摘Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy（ADEPT） is a new strategy for the treatment of cancer that has arisen in recent twenty years, the main merits of which are that it can improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs and reduce the side effects in remote tissue. In the present study, two prodrugs-glycosylated aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized. Glucose and lactose were converted into glycosyl donors-trichloroacetimidate; the obtained glycosyl donors were glycosylated with p-nitrophenol （ glycosyl donors） to form β-glucosyl p-nitrobenzene and β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene that were protected by acetyl in a stereoselective manner; the two products were reduced by zinc dust and then treated with ethylene oxide, afforded two glycosylated nitrogen mustard derivatives that were protected by acetyl; the last step was to deacetylate and then afforded the two target compounds that could be used as prodrugs of ADEPT for further Anti-tumor research.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1704114)Key Scientific Research Program of Henan Province(No.182102110346,161100110900).
文摘Ovalbumin(OVA),the main protein in egg white,affects most of the functional properties of egg white protein in food processing.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spray drying(SD)and microwave freeze drying(MFD)on the preparation of hydrolyzed/glycosylated ovalbumin(HGOVA)and provide useful information on the applications of egg protein powders in the food industry.Results demonstrated that the structure of HGOVA was considerably changed,and its functional properties were improved compared with those of native OVA.SD and MFD processing did not lead to dissociation of HGOVA subunits.SD-HGOVA exhibited higher protein solubility,emulsifying activity,foaming capacities,and gel hardness than MFD-HGOVA.However,MFD-HGOVA was better than the SD-HGOVA in terms of color,emulsion stability,foam stability,water/oil absorption capacity,and thermal stability.Selection of an appropriate drying method could enhance the potential applications of HGOVA in the food industry.
基金the Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine(No.20188030322011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773580)。
文摘Herein,we firstly developed a non-covalent glycosylated gold nanoparticles/peptides nanovaccine which is assembled byβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)based host-vip recognitions.This nanovaccine can generate significant titers of antibodies and improve the therapeutic effect against melanoma,suggesting the immunogenicity of peptide antigens can be improved by loading with this carrier.The novel vaccine carrier provides a platform for the transport of various antigens especially T cell-independent antigens.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (No. 2021YFB4001101)the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) of China (No.22075176)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.22ZR1429200)NSFC projects (Nos. 51833006, 82071160,81870806 and 81974152)
文摘Commercial tissue adhesives have been widely applied in wound hemostats and dressings while enhancing the hemostasis and healing capabilities is challenging to meet clinical needs.Herein,we designed the glucose-and catechol-functionalized derivatives from commercialε-polylysine(EPL)and prepared the hydrogels by simple amidation and catechol-crosslinking reactions,which have larger swelling ratios of 220%–240%,suitable microporous size of about 6–8µm,and tissue adhesion strength of about 20–40 kPa.The hemolysis,cytotoxicity,and cellular double-staining assays indicate that those hydrogels had good biocompatibility and the H-3 hydrogel with higher glucose content gave a lower hemolysis ratio of 0.73%±0.14%.The blood-clotting index,blood cell attachment and adhesion studies showed those hydrogels had fast blood-coagulation,resulting in excellent hemostasis performance with a short hemostatic time of 38–46 s and less blood loss of 19%–34%in a liver hemorrhage model.A full-thickness rat-skin defect model further demonstrates that the H-3 hydrogel achieved fast wound healing with a wound closure of 70.0%±2.7%on postoperative day 7 and nearly full closure on day 14.Remarkably,the hydroproline level that denotes the collagen production reached a higher one of 7.24±0.55µg/mg comparable to that in normal skins on day 14,evidencing the wound healing was close to completion in the H-3 treatment.Consequently,this work provides a simple method to construct a glycosylated and catechol-functionalized hydrogel platform from commercial EPL,holding translational potentials in wound hemostats and dressings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973245,81773657,81673361,81690263 and 81673370)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651385)+3 种基金National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(BX20190086)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(2018BR04)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(19431900300 and18ZR1404800)Pudong New Area Commission of Science&Technology(PKJ2016-Y46).
文摘Glucose transporter(GLUT)-mediated transcytosis has been validated as an efficient method to cross the blood-brain barrier and enhance brain transport of nanomedicines.However,the transcytosis process remains elusive.Glycopeptide-modified nanodisks(Gly-A7R-NDs),which demonstrated high capacity of brain targeting via GLUT-mediated transcytosis in our previous reports,were utilized to better understand the whole transcytosis process.Gly-A7R-NDs internalized brain capillary endothelial cells mainly via GLUT-mediated/clathrin dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis.The intracellular Gly-A7R-NDs remained intact,and the main excretion route of Gly-A7R-NDs was lysosomal exocytosis.Glycosylation of nanomedicine was crucial in GLUT-mediated transcytosis,while morphology did not affect the efficiency.This study highlights the pivotal roles of lysosomal exocytosis in the process of GLUT-mediated transcytosis,providing a new impetus to development of brain targeting drug delivery by accelerating lysosomal exocytosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101883)Fellowship China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693902)National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CAAS-ASTIP-2022)。
文摘Bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity.Maillard glycosylated reaction is considered as a promising method to enhance the antioxidant activity of peptides.Hence,this research aims at investigating the Maillard glycosylation activity and antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates from different sources.In this study,3 glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates were prepared and characterized,and cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were analyzed and evaluated.The free amino groups loss,browning intensity,and fluorescence intensity of G-Cbcp(glycosylated chicken bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))were the heaviest,followed by G-Pbcp(glycosylated porcine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides))and G-Bbcp(glycosylated bovine bone collagen hydrolysates(peptides)).The results of amino acid analysis showed that amino acid composition of different bone collagen hydrolysates was significantly different and the amino acid decreased to different degrees after Maillard glycosylated reaction,which may lead to differences in Maillard glycosylated reaction activity.Furthermore,the 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed no significant cytotoxicity.The results showed that glycosylation process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates,and G-Cbcp showed the strongest antioxidant activity,followed by G-Pbcp and G-Bbcp.Therefore,compared with the bone collagen hydrolysates,3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed significant characteristic and structural changes,and higher antioxidant activity.
文摘Many cancer cells in solid tumors are hypoxic or pseudohypoxic and create acidic environment for malignancy progression. Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play pathological roles in cancer cell survival and spreading. HIF regulates several genes such as genes of glucose transporters that enhance anaerobic glycolysis, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX). CA-IX is a cell-surface glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to protons and bicarbonate ions (respiratory acidification). This process is involved in adaptation to acidosis and implicated in cancer progression. Therefore, CA-IX inhibitors (such as sulfonamide-based compounds) showed hoping results in reduction malignancy progression. The article aims to reversal the malignant hypoxic environment in solid tumors to create a condition of weakness within the cancer for further focused cisplatin potency. This article suggests the use of modified synthesized HIF as a drug delivery molecule for both carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor and glycosylated cisplatin that damages the DNA of malignant cell. HIF molecule has high affinity to bind with CA IX-expressing malignant cells, which is followed by cell entrance via endocytosis. Once the HIF-Cisplatin-CA-inhibitor complex enters the cell, the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor will improve the cellular pH that makes the environment unsuitable for HIF 1α function and it may be ubiquitinated. So, the raise in target genes transcription will be arrested. On the other hand, once the synthetized HIF is degraded, the cisplatin molecules will be released inside the malignant cell and start to damage its DNA. This approach may be a good solution for many solid tumors.
基金supported by funding from the RGC Senior Research Fellow Scheme SRFS2223-7S05 to A.S.T.Wongfrom the“Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology”under the Health@Inno HK Program launched by the Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong SAR,China.
文摘Dear Editor,Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies,primarily due to metastatic disease,where current therapies are largely ineffective(5-year survival rate<25%).Epithelial-to-mesenchym al transition(EMT)is a critical process that confers metastatic plasticity to ovarian cancer cells,enabling aggressive peritoneal dissemination,and contributing to poor clinical outcomes.
文摘Objective To explore the effects of physical activity(PA)on carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with poor HbA,c control.Methods A total of 2505 T2DM inpatients with poor HbA,c control who visited the Endocrinology Department of the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to February 2022 were enrolled in this study.The patients were categorized into the mild-intensity PA(1-599 MET-min/w,n=795),moderate-intensity PA(600-1499 MET-min/w,n=1107)and high-intensity PA(≥1500 MET-min/w,n=603)based on the metabolic equivalence level(MET).Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between PA and CIMT thickening.Statifiedanalysis wasused to investigate the effects of blood pressure(BP)and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)target status on CIMTthicknessindifferenttPA groups.Results Restricted cubic spline plots showed a nonlinear relationship between PA levels and the risk of CIMT thickening(P<0.05).Logistic regression showed that with moderate-intensity PA as the control,while highintensity PA was the influence factor of CIMT thickening(0R 1.581,95%CI 1.244-2.010,P<0.05).Statified analyses showed that under mild-intensity PA,using neither BP nor LDL-C on target as reference,achievement of either index and both were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Using BP on targetas reference,achievements of both indexes,achievements of neither of both indexes,and achievement of LDL-C only were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Using LDL-C on target as reference,achievement of neither of them and achievement of BP only were the influence factor of CIMT thickening.Under high-intensity PA,achievement of both indexes was negatively associated with CIMT thickening.Conclusion Moderate-intensity PA is the recommended scheme to prevent CIMT thickening in T2DM patients whose HbA,c is not up to standard.Mild-intensity PA is not related to the risk of CIMT thickening,while high-intensity PA is positively related to the risk of CIMT thickening,and focusing on LDL-C compliance is particularly important to avoid CIMT thickening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202692)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ40176)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300403).
文摘The intestinal mucus barrier is a crucial component of the host's innate defense system,playing a vital role in regulating intestinal microecology and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.Glycosylated mucins,the core components of this barrier,are essential for preserving its integrity by preventing bacterial degradation.Additionally,mucins significantly contribute to establishing a balanced symbiotic relationship between the host and microbes.These mucins have the potential to mitigate intestinal epithelial damage by capturing and transporting cell debris and pathogenic bacteria.Meanwhile,certain bacteria help maintain the equilibrium and stability of the gut microbiome by degrading glycosylated mucins to utilize the carbohydrate chains,thus affecting the cytokine expression to regulate the synthesis and secretion of specific glycans.Investigating the complex connections between the mucus barrier and mucin glycosylation holds great promise for advancing our understanding of gastrointestinal disease mechanisms,paving the way for innovative prevention and treatment strategies.
文摘Background The clinical importance of glycaemic control in patients with diabetes has been well established. This study aimed to explore twice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 （BIAsp 30） for insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） who had poor glycaemic control with human insulins （His）. We use data from a Chinese cohort of the PRESENT study.Methods In the 3-month study, Chinese subjects with T2DM started insulin therapy with BIAsp 30 in routine care. Glycaemic control was measured by glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and posting plasma glucose （PPG）. The safety assessment included hypoglycaemia and other adverse events.Results A total of 1989 subjects previously treated with His were switched to BIAsp 30 for 3-month treatment. Mean HbA1c, FPG and PPG were significantly improved after the therapy. The overall rate of hypoglycaemia decreased at the end of the trial except for the patients previously treated with long-acting insulin. Most of the events were minor and diurnal hypoglycaemia. Only one serious adverse drug reaction （SADR）, a local hypersensitivity, was reported. The majority of the patients （296.7%） and physicians （≥84.7%） were either satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment using BIAsp 30 compared with previous HI therapy.Conclusion The BIAsp 30 treatment improved both glycaemic control and patients＇ satisfaction without increasing hypoglycaemia in T2DM subjects inadequately controlled by Hls.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0907900,2018YFE0200501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 32030063).
文摘UDP-Glycosyltransferases(UGTs)catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors,among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides.Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads,cosmetics,nutrients and sweeteners.In this review,we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs.We also discuss recent progress in the identifi-cation of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products(PNPs)using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models.We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions.Finally,we cover recent breakthroughs in the appli-cation of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs,including flavonoid glycosides(fisetin 3-O-glycosides,astragalin,scutellarein 7-O-glucoside),terpenoid glycosides(rebaudioside A,ginseno-sides)and polyketide glycosides(salidroside,polydatin).
文摘Background Periodontal disease is closely related to type 2 diabetes and is an important complication of diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontal treatment on levels of blood glucose （Glu） and glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.Methods A total of 107 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease were selected and divided into two groups according to their HbA1c levels. Group A was a well-controlled diabetic group and group B was uncontrolled.Their probing depth （PD）, attachment loss （AL）, the value of Glu and HbA1c were analyzed before periodontal treatment and 4 months later.Results There was a significant difference in periodontal condition between groups A and B （P 〈0.01）. The periodontal condition for both groups was significantly （P〈0.01） improved after periodontal therapy. The effect of treatment in group A was more pronounced than group B, and the difference was significant （P 〈0.01）. After the periodontal treatment, Glu and HbA1c were reduced significantly in both groups （P 〈0.05）.Conclusions Periodontal condition is related to the control of Glu level among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment can effectively reduce the level of Glu and HbA1c as well as improve the periodontal condition in elderly type-2 diabetes patients with periodontal disease.
文摘The aim of this study was to observe the changes in glucose metabolism after antipsychotic(APS)therapy,to note the influencing factors,as well as to discuss the relationship between the occurrence of glucose metabolism disorders of APS origin and abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels.One hundred and fifty-two patients with schizophrenia,whose fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and 2-h plasma glucose(2hPG)in the oral glucose tolerance test(2HPG)were normal,were grouped according to the HbA1c levels,one normal and the other abnormal,and were randomly enrolled into risperidone,clozapine and chlorpromazine treatment for six weeks.The FPG and 2hPG were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study.In the group with abnormal HbA1c and clozapine therapy,2HPG was higher after the study[(9.5±1.8)mmol/L]than that before the study[(7.2±1.4)mmol/L]and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).FPG had no statistically significant difference before and after the study in any group(P>0.05).HbA1c levels and drugs contributing to 2HPG at the end of study had statistical cross-action(P<0.01).In the abnormal HbA1c group,2HPG after the study was higher in the clozapine treatment group[(9.5±1.8)mmol/L]than in the risperidone treatment group[(7.4±1.7)mmol/L]and the chlorpromazine treatment group[(7.3±1.6)mmol/L].The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).In the normal HbA1c group there was no statistically significant difference before and after the study in any group(P>0.05).2HPG before[(7.1±1.6)mmol/L]and after the study[(8.1±1.9)mmol/L]was higher in the abnormal HbA1c group than in the normal HbA1c group[(6.2±1.4)mmol/L vs(6.5±1.4)mmol/L]with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.01 vs P<0.001).As compared with normal HbA1c group,the relative risk(RR)of glucose metabolism disease occurrence was 4.7 in the abnormal HbA1c group with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.001).Patients with abnormal HbA1c are more likely to have a higher risk of having glucose metabolism disorders after APS treatment.
