Background:Qingyangshen(Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid)is a folk drug for treating depression and other mental disorders induced by social defeat stress.Neuroplasticity in the hippocampus is essential for the modula...Background:Qingyangshen(Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid)is a folk drug for treating depression and other mental disorders induced by social defeat stress.Neuroplasticity in the hippocampus is essential for the modulation of cognition and emotion,and its impairment may contribute to the development and progression of depression.Our previous studies have found that Qingyangshen glycosides(QYS)can improve depression-like behavior in social failure mouse models,mainly through PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF signaling pathways activation,but its effects and mechanisms on hippocampal neuroplasticity remain unknown.Methods:Chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)was used to induce social defeat in mice.Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed by H&E staining and Golgi staining.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin(SYN)and postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95),while western blot was employed to evaluate PSD-95,SYN,and doublecortin(DCX)proteins.The pathological processing of social defeat and the therapeutic effects of QYS on it was confirmed through behavioral assessment associated with morpho-logic observation.Results:During the whole study,the sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time of CSDS mice were significantly decreased(p≤0.05),and the tail suspension immobil-ity time was significantly increased(p≤0.05),suggesting that the mice had significant depressive symptoms.Treatment with QYS(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)significantly al-leviated depressive symptoms in CSDS mice,which was demonstrated by significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01)reducing the duration of tail-hanging immobility and increasing the tendency of sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time.QYS treatment also significantly increased the expression of DCX,PSD-95,and SYN proteins,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusions:QYS alleviated these symptoms by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasti-city through upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins(SAPs).The therapeutic mechanism of QYS may involve modulating the neuroplasticity of hip-pocampus neurons by altering the expression of SAPs.展开更多
Five new flavan-4-ol glycosides jixueqiosides A-E(1-5)and two new flavan glycosides jixueqiosides F and G(6 and 7),along with twelve known flavan-4-ol glycosides(8-19),were isolated from the roots of Pronephrium penan...Five new flavan-4-ol glycosides jixueqiosides A-E(1-5)and two new flavan glycosides jixueqiosides F and G(6 and 7),along with twelve known flavan-4-ol glycosides(8-19),were isolated from the roots of Pronephrium penangianum.Comprehensive spectral analyses,X-ray single-crystal diffraction,and theoretical electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations established structures and absolute configurations.A single crystal structure of flavan-4-ol glycoside(14)was reported for the first time,while the characteristic ECD and NMR data for all isolated flavan-4-ol glycosides(1-5,8-19)were analyzed,establishing a set of empirical rules.Activity screening of these isolates showed that 8 and 9 could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 7.93±2.85μmol·L^(-1)and 5.87±1.58μmol·L^(-1)(MDA-MB-231),and 2.21±1.38μmol·L^(-1)and 3.52±1.55μmol·L^(-1)(MCF-7),respectively.Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 8 and 9 dose-dependently induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating BAX,activating caspase-3 and down-regulating BCL-2.Additionally,compound 8 affected autophagy-related proteins,increasing the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 levels to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation.Moreover,anti-inflammatory studies indicated that 2,3,7,13,14,and 18 moderately inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and nitric oxide(NO)release.展开更多
The high content of cyanogenic glycosides(CG)in cassava tubers affects food safety.CG are involved in the plant growth and development and protect cassava leaves from herbivorous predators.However,the regulatory mecha...The high content of cyanogenic glycosides(CG)in cassava tubers affects food safety.CG are involved in the plant growth and development and protect cassava leaves from herbivorous predators.However,the regulatory mechanism of CG biosynthesis remains poorly understood.Here,yeast one-hybrid assays were performed using a mixed cDNA library of cassava tubers and leaves as prey and the promoter of MeCYP79D2 as bait.MeCYP79D2,a cytochrome P450 protein,is the rate-limiting enzyme for CG synthesis in cassava.From this information,a candidate regulator of MeCYP79D2 was selected and identified as transcription factor MePHD1.2.MePHD1.2,located in the nucleus and exhibiting an inhibitory transcription activity directly bound to an AT-rich motif in the promoter of MeCYP79D2.In cassava,the transcriptional activity of MeCYP79D2 was considerably enhanced in mephd1.2 mutant lines leading to increased linamarin and lotaustralin contents.Deletion of MePHD1.2 promoted the production of CGs in cassava and decreased transcription inhibition on MeCYP79D2,exposing a novel regulatory module governing biosynthesis of CGs.展开更多
Introduction The plants of genus Cistanche G. Beck, which belong to Orobanchaceae family, include about twenty species, and there are four species and one variety are distributed in the northwest part of China. The d...Introduction The plants of genus Cistanche G. Beck, which belong to Orobanchaceae family, include about twenty species, and there are four species and one variety are distributed in the northwest part of China. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanche genus plant known as ＇Roucongrong＇ in Chinese traditional medicine, has long been used for kidney deficiency, female infertility, morbid leucorrhea, and neurasthenia. Studies on active components and pharmacological activities show that it possesses significant activities in enhancing potency, anti-fatigue, immuno-modulability, etc, and phenylethanoid glycosides are the major active components. Due to excessive exploitation, its natural resources are facing with exhaustion. In order to improve this situation, the plant has been cultivated on a large scale in the northwest part of China. Up to now, the chemical investigations of the cultivated Cistartcbe salsa have not been undertaken. In this paper we report seven phenylethanoid glycosides from the cultivated Cistanche salsa： echinacoside （1）, cistanoside A （2）, acteoside （3）, isoacteoside （4）, 2＇-acetylacteoside （5）, tubuloside B （6）, and eutigoside A （7）. Among them, compound 7 isolated fronl family Orobanchaceae was reported previously, and compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 from the cultivated Cistanche salsa are reported for the first time.展开更多
Two new phenylpropanetriol glycosides, named as meliadanoside A (3 - methoxy- 5 - hydroxy-9- (1' - O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) - threo - phenylpropanetriol ) and meliadanoside B (4- hydroxy-7, 8- (2', 1' - O- ...Two new phenylpropanetriol glycosides, named as meliadanoside A (3 - methoxy- 5 - hydroxy-9- (1' - O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) - threo - phenylpropanetriol ) and meliadanoside B (4- hydroxy-7, 8- (2', 1' - O- β- D -glucopyranosyl) - phenylpropanetriol), were isolated from the water-soluble extract of the fruits of Meliatoosendan Sieb. et Zucc., along with threo-guaiacylglycerol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chendcal analysis.展开更多
Two new C 27 steroidal glycosides, named ophiopojaponin A (1) and B (2), together with two known ones, were isolated from the tubers of the famous traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus Ker_Gawl. The spect...Two new C 27 steroidal glycosides, named ophiopojaponin A (1) and B (2), together with two known ones, were isolated from the tubers of the famous traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus Ker_Gawl. The spectroscopic and chemical evidence revealed their structures to be pennogenin 3_O_[2′_O_acetyl_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (1), 26_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(22ξ, 25R)_3β, 14α, 22ξ, 26_tetrahydroxyfurost_5_ene 3_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)_β_D_glucopyranoside (2), diosgenin 3_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyrano_syl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (3) and ruscogenin 1_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_fucopyranoside (4).展开更多
Three new phenolic glycosides, named as equisetumoside A (3-methoxy-11,12-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9- one-4-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside), equisetumoside B (3-methoxy-4,11-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9-one12-O-beta -D-glucopyra...Three new phenolic glycosides, named as equisetumoside A (3-methoxy-11,12-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9- one-4-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside), equisetumoside B (3-methoxy-4,11-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9-one12-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside) and equisetumoside C ( cis-ferulic acid potassium salt 4-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside) were isolated from the water-soluble extract of fertile sprouts of Equisetum, arvense L. (Equisetaceae), together with uridine, inosine, 2'-deoxyinosine, 2'-deoxycytidine, tryptophan, thymidine, 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine, coniferin, and kaempferol 3-O-beta -D-sophoroside-7-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation.展开更多
Phytochemical study of the n-BuOH extract of Ilex asprella resulted in the discovery of ten new pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides,comprising nine ursane-type glycosides(1-9)and one oleanane-type glycoside(10),along ...Phytochemical study of the n-BuOH extract of Ilex asprella resulted in the discovery of ten new pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides,comprising nine ursane-type glycosides(1-9)and one oleanane-type glycoside(10),along with seven known compounds(11-17).Compound 1 is the first reported 19,22-epoxy ursane triterpenoid glycoside,whereas 4 and 5 are rare examples of ursane triterpenoid glycosides containing a 28,19-lactone group.The structural characterization of these compounds was achieved using spectroscopic and chemical techniques,as well as single-crystal X-ray analysis.Compounds 7,12,15,and 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against H1975 and HCC827 cancer cells.展开更多
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method with diode array detector was established to simultaneously determine nine bioactive compounds in Wuzhuyu decoction, namely dehydroevodiamine,...A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method with diode array detector was established to simultaneously determine nine bioactive compounds in Wuzhuyu decoction, namely dehydroevodiamine, isorhanmetin-7-O- rutinoside, 10-hydroxyrutaecarpine, diosmetin-7-O-13-D-glucopyranoside, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, 1-metbyl-2-n-nonyl-4（1H） quinolone, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine. The RP-HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase Cl8 column with a gradient elution. The mobile phases consisted of methanol and water containing 1% （v/v） acetic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 300 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity （r2〉0.9941） within test ranges. The results of intra-day precision, inter-day precision, and accuracy were satisfactory. The overall recoveries were in the range of 90.13%-102.48%. The method was successfully applied to quantify nine bioactive compounds in six samples. Baseline resolution for all nine major compounds was achieved. This method could be used as a suitable quality control assay for Wuzhuyu decoction.展开更多
Two new alkaloids,hordenine-O- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅰ)and hordenine -0-(6′-trans-cinnamoyl)-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅲ) isolated from Selaginella doederleinii have been synthesized the first ti...Two new alkaloids,hordenine-O- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅰ)and hordenine -0-(6′-trans-cinnamoyl)-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅲ) isolated from Selaginella doederleinii have been synthesized the first time. A new method,in which trifluoroacetoxyl group was used both as a good leaving group and a protecting group for synthesis of O-glycosides with high stereo- selectivity was reported.展开更多
A simple, sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）method combined with solid phase extraction has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantifi...A simple, sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）method combined with solid phase extraction has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorinand albiflorin in rats plasma and tissue homogenate after administration of total glycosides of paeony （TGP）. Chromatographicseparation was achieved on a C15 column （150 mmx4.6 mm, 5 pro） with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% formicacid aqueous （20： 80, v/v） at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The analytes were detected with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer usingturbo ion spray with negative ionization in the multiple reaction-monitoring （MRM） modes. The results of method validationconformed to the requirements for the determination of biological samples. This method was successfully applied to thepharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of TGP in rats. The results showed that paeonifiorin and albiflorin wereabsorbed and reached peak value quickly, and had the similar pharmacokinetic characteristics. Both of them underwent a rapid andwide distribution in the tissues throughout the whole body, among which stomach was the main distribution tissue. Moreover, theyhad the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.展开更多
Monoterpene glycosides are the major bioactive compounds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall（P. lactiflora）. Characteristic neutral loss of 30 Da has been extensively reported for monoterpene glycosides in tandem mass spectr...Monoterpene glycosides are the major bioactive compounds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall（P. lactiflora）. Characteristic neutral loss of 30 Da has been extensively reported for monoterpene glycosides in tandem mass spectrometry. However, little is known about mechanism of this fragmentation. The neutral loss of 30 Da was studied for eleven monoterpene glycosides（1–11） from P. lactiflora by ion trap mass spectrometry in this report. Compounds 1–5 with a hemiacetal structure could readily lose 30 Da at low collision energy of 30% in MS/MS by ion trap mass spectrometry. For compounds 6–11, neutral loss of 30 Da could also be observed at low abundance, but the collision energy had to be increased to 60%. In both cases, high-accuracy mass spectrometry assigned the 30 Da as CH_2O. After careful analysis of the structures and mass spectra, we believe that the neutral loss of 30 Da in compounds 1–5 was due to cleavage of the hemiacetal structure, whereas it was ascribed to the cleavage of 5＇-hydroxymethyl group of the glucosyl residue in other monoterpene glycosides. Furthermore, the characteristic neutral loss of 30 Da at low collision energy was used to screen hemiacetals from crude extracts of P. lactiflora and related plant species. Significant differences among Paeonia species were observed by 30 Da neutral loss analysis.展开更多
Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo bilo...Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts （GBEs）, including 17 flavonol glycosides, five terpene trilactones （TTLs）, four polyphenols and seven carboxylic acids. This optimized method was successfully applied to analyze the explicit compositions of GBE samples collected from different places. Furthermore, the data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to evaluate the quality and compare the differences between the samples according to the contents of the 33 chemical constituents. Bilobalide, protocatechuic acid, shikimic acid, quinic acid, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-ct-L-rhamnopyranocyl-2＂-（6＇＂-p-coumaroyl）-β-D-glucoside and rutin were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to control the quality of GBEs. Based on the fact that GBEs should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to maintain the quality of GBEs stable and reliable, and this method also provided a good strategy to further rectify and standardize the GBEs market.展开更多
Two new stilbene glycosides (1 and 2), together with nine known compounds (3-11), were isolated from the water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by their c...Two new stilbene glycosides (1 and 2), together with nine known compounds (3-11), were isolated from the water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by their chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 2D NMR experiments. Compound 2 showed strong DNA cleavage activity, and compounds 1, 2 and 10 (2, 3, 4′, 5_tetrahydroxy_ trans _stilbene_2_O_β_ D _glucopyranoside) exhibited significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation.展开更多
AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analy...AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes(namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair(ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 ℃ and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds(phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION: This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.展开更多
Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, ...Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, were isolated as the minor chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana rigescens, along with 15 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and chemical method. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 were tested for the antifungal activities on three plant pathogens Peronophythora litchi, Glomerella cingulata, and Glorosprium musarum.展开更多
The present study was designed to develop a practical strategy to tackle the problem of lacking standard compounds and limited references for identifying structure-related compounds in Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f...The present study was designed to develop a practical strategy to tackle the problem of lacking standard compounds and limited references for identifying structure-related compounds in Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., especially those in trace concentrations, with a focus on antitumor activity. The cardiac glycosides(CGs)-enriched part was determined using in vitro bioactive assays in three cancer cell lines and then isolated using macroporous resins. The MS and MS/MS data were acquired using a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-time of flight(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system. To acquire data of trace compound in the extract, a multiple segment program was applied to modify the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method. A mass defect filter(MDF) approach was employed to make a primary MS data filtration. Utilizing a MATLAB program, the redundant peaks obtained by imprecise MDF template calculated with limited references were excluded by fragment ion classification, which was based on the ion occurrence number in the MDF-filtered total ion chromatograms(TIC). Additionally, the complete cleavage pathways of CG aglycones were proposed to assist the structural identification of 29 common fragment ions(CFIs, ion occurrence number ≥ 5) and diagnostic fragment ions(DFIs, ion occurrence number < 5). As a result, 30 CGs were filtered out from the MDF results, among which 23 were identified. This newly developed strategy may provide a rapid and effective tool for identifying structure-related compounds in herbal medicines.展开更多
Two phenylethanoid glycosides （PhGs） were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography （HPCPC） using ethyl acetate-n-...Two phenylethanoid glycosides （PhGs） were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography （HPCPC） using ethyl acetate-n-butanol-ethanol-water （0.5：0.5：0.1：1, v/v/v/v）. A total of 45.6 mg of compound 1 and 293.8 mg of compound 2 were purified from 1341 mg of the n-butanol extract of P. asiatica. The structures of the two PhGs were tentatively identified as plantamajoside and aeteoside or isoacteoside by eleetrospray ionization multi stage tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MS^n） in the negative ion mode.展开更多
A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris poly...A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidaed by spectroscopic methods.展开更多
Glycosides of Cistanche（GC）is a preparation used extensively for its neuroprotective effect against neurological diseases,but its mechanisms of action remains incompletely understood.Here,we established a bilateral ...Glycosides of Cistanche（GC）is a preparation used extensively for its neuroprotective effect against neurological diseases,but its mechanisms of action remains incompletely understood.Here,we established a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model of vascular dementia in rats and injected the model rats with a suspension of GC（10 mg/kg/day,intraperitoneally）for 14 consecutive days.Immunohistochemistry showed that GC significantly reduced p-tau and amyloid beta（Aβ）immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the model rats.Proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial precursor protein and downregulation of keratin type II cytoskeletal6A after GC treatment compared with model rats that had received saline.Western blot assay confirmed these findings.Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of GC in vascular dementia occurs via the promotion of neuronal cytoskeleton regeneration.展开更多
基金Guizhou Administration of TCM,Traditional Chinese medicine,Ethnic Medicine Science and Technology Research Special Project,Grant/Award Number:QZYY-2022-008Subsidy Fund for Scientific Research and Innovation Exploration Project,National Natural Science Foundation of China of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Grant/Award Number:2018YFC170810502+1 种基金Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:gzwkj2023-147Development of animal models for drug discovery-brain diseases.National Research and Development Project of China,MOST,Grant/Award Number:2023YFF0724802.
文摘Background:Qingyangshen(Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid)is a folk drug for treating depression and other mental disorders induced by social defeat stress.Neuroplasticity in the hippocampus is essential for the modulation of cognition and emotion,and its impairment may contribute to the development and progression of depression.Our previous studies have found that Qingyangshen glycosides(QYS)can improve depression-like behavior in social failure mouse models,mainly through PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF signaling pathways activation,but its effects and mechanisms on hippocampal neuroplasticity remain unknown.Methods:Chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)was used to induce social defeat in mice.Morphological changes in the hippocampus were observed by H&E staining and Golgi staining.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin(SYN)and postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD-95),while western blot was employed to evaluate PSD-95,SYN,and doublecortin(DCX)proteins.The pathological processing of social defeat and the therapeutic effects of QYS on it was confirmed through behavioral assessment associated with morpho-logic observation.Results:During the whole study,the sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time of CSDS mice were significantly decreased(p≤0.05),and the tail suspension immobil-ity time was significantly increased(p≤0.05),suggesting that the mice had significant depressive symptoms.Treatment with QYS(25,50,and 100 mg/kg)significantly al-leviated depressive symptoms in CSDS mice,which was demonstrated by significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01)reducing the duration of tail-hanging immobility and increasing the tendency of sucrose preference indices and OFT activity time.QYS treatment also significantly increased the expression of DCX,PSD-95,and SYN proteins,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusions:QYS alleviated these symptoms by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasti-city through upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins(SAPs).The therapeutic mechanism of QYS may involve modulating the neuroplasticity of hip-pocampus neurons by altering the expression of SAPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874369)the Excellent Youth Project of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.22B0388)the Project of Hunan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.B2023143)。
文摘Five new flavan-4-ol glycosides jixueqiosides A-E(1-5)and two new flavan glycosides jixueqiosides F and G(6 and 7),along with twelve known flavan-4-ol glycosides(8-19),were isolated from the roots of Pronephrium penangianum.Comprehensive spectral analyses,X-ray single-crystal diffraction,and theoretical electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations established structures and absolute configurations.A single crystal structure of flavan-4-ol glycoside(14)was reported for the first time,while the characteristic ECD and NMR data for all isolated flavan-4-ol glycosides(1-5,8-19)were analyzed,establishing a set of empirical rules.Activity screening of these isolates showed that 8 and 9 could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 7.93±2.85μmol·L^(-1)and 5.87±1.58μmol·L^(-1)(MDA-MB-231),and 2.21±1.38μmol·L^(-1)and 3.52±1.55μmol·L^(-1)(MCF-7),respectively.Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 8 and 9 dose-dependently induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating BAX,activating caspase-3 and down-regulating BCL-2.Additionally,compound 8 affected autophagy-related proteins,increasing the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 levels to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation.Moreover,anti-inflammatory studies indicated that 2,3,7,13,14,and 18 moderately inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and nitric oxide(NO)release.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460505)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-11)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of the National Tropical Agricultural Science Center(CATASCXTD202301)Additional support was provided by the Hainan Province Graduate Innovation Research Project(Hyb2020-09)the Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation(KF-2023016).
文摘The high content of cyanogenic glycosides(CG)in cassava tubers affects food safety.CG are involved in the plant growth and development and protect cassava leaves from herbivorous predators.However,the regulatory mechanism of CG biosynthesis remains poorly understood.Here,yeast one-hybrid assays were performed using a mixed cDNA library of cassava tubers and leaves as prey and the promoter of MeCYP79D2 as bait.MeCYP79D2,a cytochrome P450 protein,is the rate-limiting enzyme for CG synthesis in cassava.From this information,a candidate regulator of MeCYP79D2 was selected and identified as transcription factor MePHD1.2.MePHD1.2,located in the nucleus and exhibiting an inhibitory transcription activity directly bound to an AT-rich motif in the promoter of MeCYP79D2.In cassava,the transcriptional activity of MeCYP79D2 was considerably enhanced in mephd1.2 mutant lines leading to increased linamarin and lotaustralin contents.Deletion of MePHD1.2 promoted the production of CGs in cassava and decreased transcription inhibition on MeCYP79D2,exposing a novel regulatory module governing biosynthesis of CGs.
文摘Introduction The plants of genus Cistanche G. Beck, which belong to Orobanchaceae family, include about twenty species, and there are four species and one variety are distributed in the northwest part of China. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanche genus plant known as ＇Roucongrong＇ in Chinese traditional medicine, has long been used for kidney deficiency, female infertility, morbid leucorrhea, and neurasthenia. Studies on active components and pharmacological activities show that it possesses significant activities in enhancing potency, anti-fatigue, immuno-modulability, etc, and phenylethanoid glycosides are the major active components. Due to excessive exploitation, its natural resources are facing with exhaustion. In order to improve this situation, the plant has been cultivated on a large scale in the northwest part of China. Up to now, the chemical investigations of the cultivated Cistartcbe salsa have not been undertaken. In this paper we report seven phenylethanoid glycosides from the cultivated Cistanche salsa： echinacoside （1）, cistanoside A （2）, acteoside （3）, isoacteoside （4）, 2＇-acetylacteoside （5）, tubuloside B （6）, and eutigoside A （7）. Among them, compound 7 isolated fronl family Orobanchaceae was reported previously, and compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 from the cultivated Cistanche salsa are reported for the first time.
文摘Two new phenylpropanetriol glycosides, named as meliadanoside A (3 - methoxy- 5 - hydroxy-9- (1' - O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) - threo - phenylpropanetriol ) and meliadanoside B (4- hydroxy-7, 8- (2', 1' - O- β- D -glucopyranosyl) - phenylpropanetriol), were isolated from the water-soluble extract of the fruits of Meliatoosendan Sieb. et Zucc., along with threo-guaiacylglycerol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chendcal analysis.
文摘Two new C 27 steroidal glycosides, named ophiopojaponin A (1) and B (2), together with two known ones, were isolated from the tubers of the famous traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus Ker_Gawl. The spectroscopic and chemical evidence revealed their structures to be pennogenin 3_O_[2′_O_acetyl_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (1), 26_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(22ξ, 25R)_3β, 14α, 22ξ, 26_tetrahydroxyfurost_5_ene 3_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)_β_D_glucopyranoside (2), diosgenin 3_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyrano_syl (1→3)_β_D_glucopyranoside (3) and ruscogenin 1_O_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]_β_D_xylopyranosyl (1→3)_β_D_fucopyranoside (4).
文摘Three new phenolic glycosides, named as equisetumoside A (3-methoxy-11,12-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9- one-4-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside), equisetumoside B (3-methoxy-4,11-dihydroxy-phenylhexane-9-one12-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside) and equisetumoside C ( cis-ferulic acid potassium salt 4-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside) were isolated from the water-soluble extract of fertile sprouts of Equisetum, arvense L. (Equisetaceae), together with uridine, inosine, 2'-deoxyinosine, 2'-deoxycytidine, tryptophan, thymidine, 5-carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine, coniferin, and kaempferol 3-O-beta -D-sophoroside-7-O-beta -D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation.
基金supported by the Qi-Huang Chief Scientist Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020).
文摘Phytochemical study of the n-BuOH extract of Ilex asprella resulted in the discovery of ten new pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides,comprising nine ursane-type glycosides(1-9)and one oleanane-type glycoside(10),along with seven known compounds(11-17).Compound 1 is the first reported 19,22-epoxy ursane triterpenoid glycoside,whereas 4 and 5 are rare examples of ursane triterpenoid glycosides containing a 28,19-lactone group.The structural characterization of these compounds was achieved using spectroscopic and chemical techniques,as well as single-crystal X-ray analysis.Compounds 7,12,15,and 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against H1975 and HCC827 cancer cells.
基金National Sciences and Technology Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAI07B08,2006BAI06A01-02,2006BAI08B03-09)
文摘A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） method with diode array detector was established to simultaneously determine nine bioactive compounds in Wuzhuyu decoction, namely dehydroevodiamine, isorhanmetin-7-O- rutinoside, 10-hydroxyrutaecarpine, diosmetin-7-O-13-D-glucopyranoside, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, 1-metbyl-2-n-nonyl-4（1H） quinolone, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine. The RP-HPLC assay was performed on a reversed-phase Cl8 column with a gradient elution. The mobile phases consisted of methanol and water containing 1% （v/v） acetic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 300 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity （r2〉0.9941） within test ranges. The results of intra-day precision, inter-day precision, and accuracy were satisfactory. The overall recoveries were in the range of 90.13%-102.48%. The method was successfully applied to quantify nine bioactive compounds in six samples. Baseline resolution for all nine major compounds was achieved. This method could be used as a suitable quality control assay for Wuzhuyu decoction.
文摘Two new alkaloids,hordenine-O- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅰ)and hordenine -0-(6′-trans-cinnamoyl)-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- -L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅲ) isolated from Selaginella doederleinii have been synthesized the first time. A new method,in which trifluoroacetoxyl group was used both as a good leaving group and a protecting group for synthesis of O-glycosides with high stereo- selectivity was reported.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.C2011206158,08B031)Hundreds of Innovative Talents Project of Hebei Education Department of China
文摘A simple, sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）method combined with solid phase extraction has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorinand albiflorin in rats plasma and tissue homogenate after administration of total glycosides of paeony （TGP）. Chromatographicseparation was achieved on a C15 column （150 mmx4.6 mm, 5 pro） with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% formicacid aqueous （20： 80, v/v） at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The analytes were detected with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer usingturbo ion spray with negative ionization in the multiple reaction-monitoring （MRM） modes. The results of method validationconformed to the requirements for the determination of biological samples. This method was successfully applied to thepharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of TGP in rats. The results showed that paeonifiorin and albiflorin wereabsorbed and reached peak value quickly, and had the similar pharmacokinetic characteristics. Both of them underwent a rapid andwide distribution in the tissues throughout the whole body, among which stomach was the main distribution tissue. Moreover, theyhad the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81222054)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.NCET-11-0019)Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission
文摘Monoterpene glycosides are the major bioactive compounds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall（P. lactiflora）. Characteristic neutral loss of 30 Da has been extensively reported for monoterpene glycosides in tandem mass spectrometry. However, little is known about mechanism of this fragmentation. The neutral loss of 30 Da was studied for eleven monoterpene glycosides（1–11） from P. lactiflora by ion trap mass spectrometry in this report. Compounds 1–5 with a hemiacetal structure could readily lose 30 Da at low collision energy of 30% in MS/MS by ion trap mass spectrometry. For compounds 6–11, neutral loss of 30 Da could also be observed at low abundance, but the collision energy had to be increased to 60%. In both cases, high-accuracy mass spectrometry assigned the 30 Da as CH_2O. After careful analysis of the structures and mass spectra, we believe that the neutral loss of 30 Da in compounds 1–5 was due to cleavage of the hemiacetal structure, whereas it was ascribed to the cleavage of 5＇-hydroxymethyl group of the glucosyl residue in other monoterpene glycosides. Furthermore, the characteristic neutral loss of 30 Da at low collision energy was used to screen hemiacetals from crude extracts of P. lactiflora and related plant species. Significant differences among Paeonia species were observed by 30 Da neutral loss analysis.
文摘Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts （GBEs）, including 17 flavonol glycosides, five terpene trilactones （TTLs）, four polyphenols and seven carboxylic acids. This optimized method was successfully applied to analyze the explicit compositions of GBE samples collected from different places. Furthermore, the data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to evaluate the quality and compare the differences between the samples according to the contents of the 33 chemical constituents. Bilobalide, protocatechuic acid, shikimic acid, quinic acid, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-ct-L-rhamnopyranocyl-2＂-（6＇＂-p-coumaroyl）-β-D-glucoside and rutin were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to control the quality of GBEs. Based on the fact that GBEs should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to maintain the quality of GBEs stable and reliable, and this method also provided a good strategy to further rectify and standardize the GBEs market.
文摘Two new stilbene glycosides (1 and 2), together with nine known compounds (3-11), were isolated from the water extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by their chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 2D NMR experiments. Compound 2 showed strong DNA cleavage activity, and compounds 1, 2 and 10 (2, 3, 4′, 5_tetrahydroxy_ trans _stilbene_2_O_β_ D _glucopyranoside) exhibited significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City,China(No.10411969800)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.81202866 and 81302856)
文摘AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes(namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair(ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 ℃ and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds(phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION: This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.
文摘Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, were isolated as the minor chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana rigescens, along with 15 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and chemical method. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 were tested for the antifungal activities on three plant pathogens Peronophythora litchi, Glomerella cingulata, and Glorosprium musarum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81673567 and 81703382)
文摘The present study was designed to develop a practical strategy to tackle the problem of lacking standard compounds and limited references for identifying structure-related compounds in Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., especially those in trace concentrations, with a focus on antitumor activity. The cardiac glycosides(CGs)-enriched part was determined using in vitro bioactive assays in three cancer cell lines and then isolated using macroporous resins. The MS and MS/MS data were acquired using a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-time of flight(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) system. To acquire data of trace compound in the extract, a multiple segment program was applied to modify the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method. A mass defect filter(MDF) approach was employed to make a primary MS data filtration. Utilizing a MATLAB program, the redundant peaks obtained by imprecise MDF template calculated with limited references were excluded by fragment ion classification, which was based on the ion occurrence number in the MDF-filtered total ion chromatograms(TIC). Additionally, the complete cleavage pathways of CG aglycones were proposed to assist the structural identification of 29 common fragment ions(CFIs, ion occurrence number ≥ 5) and diagnostic fragment ions(DFIs, ion occurrence number < 5). As a result, 30 CGs were filtered out from the MDF results, among which 23 were identified. This newly developed strategy may provide a rapid and effective tool for identifying structure-related compounds in herbal medicines.
基金supported by funding from Jilin Province (No.20060904-1 and 20071102).
文摘Two phenylethanoid glycosides （PhGs） were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Plantago asiatica for the first time by high performance centrifugal partition chromatography （HPCPC） using ethyl acetate-n-butanol-ethanol-water （0.5：0.5：0.1：1, v/v/v/v）. A total of 45.6 mg of compound 1 and 293.8 mg of compound 2 were purified from 1341 mg of the n-butanol extract of P. asiatica. The structures of the two PhGs were tentatively identified as plantamajoside and aeteoside or isoacteoside by eleetrospray ionization multi stage tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MS^n） in the negative ion mode.
文摘A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidaed by spectroscopic methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30960520the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,No.2016MS0837
文摘Glycosides of Cistanche（GC）is a preparation used extensively for its neuroprotective effect against neurological diseases,but its mechanisms of action remains incompletely understood.Here,we established a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model of vascular dementia in rats and injected the model rats with a suspension of GC（10 mg/kg/day,intraperitoneally）for 14 consecutive days.Immunohistochemistry showed that GC significantly reduced p-tau and amyloid beta（Aβ）immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of the model rats.Proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial precursor protein and downregulation of keratin type II cytoskeletal6A after GC treatment compared with model rats that had received saline.Western blot assay confirmed these findings.Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of GC in vascular dementia occurs via the promotion of neuronal cytoskeleton regeneration.
