Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflam...Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.展开更多
Glycosylated lipids(GLs)are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential.Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents,they have diverse biologica...Glycosylated lipids(GLs)are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential.Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents,they have diverse biological activities with promising biomedical and cosmeceutical applications.Glycolipids,especially those of microbial origin,have interesting antimicrobial,anticancer,antiparasitic as well as immunomodulatory activities.Nonetheless,GLs are hardly accessing the market because of their high cost of production.We believe that experience of metabolic engineering(ME)of microbial lipids for biofuel production can now be harnessed towards a successful synthesis of microbial GLs for biomedical and other applications.This review presents chemical groups of bacterial and fungal GLs,their biological activities,their general biosynthetic pathways and an insight on ME strategies for their production.展开更多
Understanding how the diversity of glycolipids,including how their chemical structures and composition affect their biological functions,is a remarkable fundamental challenge.In this work,we employed a rare monosaccha...Understanding how the diversity of glycolipids,including how their chemical structures and composition affect their biological functions,is a remarkable fundamental challenge.In this work,we employed a rare monosaccharide,3-deoxy-Dmanno-2-octulosonic acid(Kdo)to build a simple and biomimetic model to understand the diversity of glycolipids from the viewpoint of supramolecular chemistry.Kdo was chosen not only because its unusual 8-carbon acidic carbohydrate backbone is very different from common hexoses,but also because of its key structural role in lipopolysaccharides and prevalence in bacteria,plant life,and algae.It was found that although both of the two Kdo-lipids S-Kdo and Kdo-S derived from the same carbohydrate backbone and gave bicelles as their self-assembled morphology,experimental results revealed that the self-assembly showed pathway complexity.Bicelle is the thermodynamic product of S-Kdo,while for Kdo-S,the bicelle is only a kinetically trapped state,which finally transforms to a ribbon.Molecular simulation clearly revealed the different packing of Kdo-lipids in the bicelles with different contribution from hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by th...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms.As an emerging interdisciplinary field,phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome,and microbiome.When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy,it forms TCM phenomics,providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine.Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example,this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder.By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes,TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes,metabolites,and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes.Simultaneously,it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas,demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways,improvement of gut microbiota imbalance,and suppression of inflammatory responses.Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis,insufficient standardization of animal models,and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis.Future research should employ machine learning,multimodal data integration,and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes,promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine,and accelerate the modernization of TCM.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent,to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis ...BACKGROUND At present,the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent,to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,the report is as follows.AIM To investigate the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with T2DM who were treated via jejunoileal lateral anastomosis.Metabolic indicators were collected preoperatively,as well as at 3 and 6 months postoperative.The metabolic indicators analyzed included body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour blood glucose(PBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting C-peptide,2-hour C-peptide(PCP),fasting insulin(Fins),2-hour insulin(Pins),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),βCellular function index(HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(L DL-C),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein,and uric acid(UA)levels.RESULTS SBP,DBP,PBG,HbA1c,LDL-C,and TG were all significantly lower 3 months postoperative vs preoperative values;body weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,FBG,PBG,HbA1c,TC,TG,UA,and HOMA-IR values were all significantly lower 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months;and PCP,Fins,Pins,and HOMA-βwere all significantly higher 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunum and ileum can effectively treat T2DM and improve the metabolic index levels associated with it.展开更多
Metabolic diseases have emerged as a leading cause of mortality from non-communicable diseases,posing a significant global public health challenge.Al-though the association between ceramides(Cers)and metabolic disease...Metabolic diseases have emerged as a leading cause of mortality from non-communicable diseases,posing a significant global public health challenge.Al-though the association between ceramides(Cers)and metabolic diseases is well-established,the role of the acid sphingomyelinase(ASMase)/Cer pathway in these diseases remains underexplored.This review synthesizes recent research on the biological functions,regulatory mechanisms,and targeted therapies related to the ASMase/Cer pathway in metabolic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and cardiovascular disease.The effects of the ASMase/Cer pathway on metabolic disease-related indicators,such as glycolipid metabolism,insulin resistance,inflammation,and mitochondrial homeostasis are elucidated.Moreover,this article discusses the therapeutic strategies using ASMase/Cer inhibitors for inverse prevention and treatment of these metabolic diseases in light of the possible efficacy of blockade of the ASMase/Cer pathway in arresting the progression of metabolic diseases.These insights offered herein should provide insight into the contribution of the ASMase/Cer pathway to metabolic diseases and offer tools to develop therapeutic interventions for such pathologies and their severe complications.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Accurate prognostic assessment,which is essential for enhancing overall survival(OS),currently depends on pathologic and clinic...Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Accurate prognostic assessment,which is essential for enhancing overall survival(OS),currently depends on pathologic and clinical staging.This underscores the urgent need for reliable and real-time prognostic biomarkers.The triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,a readily available marker of insulin resistance,has recently emerged as a potential prognostic tool in GC.Numerous studies have consistently shown a significant association between elevated TyG levels and inferior OS as well as progression-free survival.Despite these promising findings,several challenges must be addressed before the TyG index can be widely adopted in clinical practice.Firstly,the TyG index lacks cancer-specificity,reflecting broader metabolic disturbances commonly observed in conditions such as obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular disease.This lack of specificity complicates its interpretation in oncological settings.Additionally,the cutoff values for TyG index vary across studies,hindering the establishment of a standardized threshold for clinical application.While the TyG index provides valuable insights into a patient's metabolic health,its limited cancer specificity necessitates cautious use when evaluating the prognosis of GC treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effe...BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effects of long-term vs short-term exposure and the sources of pollutants(indoor or outdoor).AIM To look at how outdoor particulate matter(PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10))and ozone(O3),as well as indoor pollutants from solid fuels,are related to the risk of developing GMDs in a cohort that represents the national population.METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort design to look at how different time periods of air pollution exposure(long-term:5-year averages;short-term:1-year averages)affect the incidence of GMDs in middle-aged and elderly adults.Multivariable logistic regression models,which took into account key factors such as age,sex,and smoking status,were used to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Our study found that exposure to air pollution(1μg/m^(3))has different effects on GMDs.Long-term exposure to outdoor pollutants like PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and O3 consistently increased the risk of diabetes(PM1:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.018-1.205;PM_(2.5):OR=1.038,95%CI:1.007-1.071;PM_(10):OR=1.023,95%CI:1.004-1.043)and dyslipidemia(PM1:OR=1.150,95%CI:1.064-1.249;PM_(2.5):OR=1.053,95%CI:1.023-1.086;PM_(10):OR=1.032,95%CI:1.014-1.052).Short-term exposure showed even stronger associations,particularly for PM1 with dyslipidemia(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.044-1.114)and PM1 with diabetes(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.007-1.089).Notably,certain components of PM_(2.5)-chloride(Cl^(-)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),and nitrate(NO3-)-showed a dose-dependent relationship with both conditions(for example,Cl^(-):Diabetes OR=1.797 per 1μg/m^(3),95%CI:1.086-2.991;dyslipidemia OR=2.627,95%CI:1.728-4.012).However,neither long-term nor short-term exposure to indoor solid fuel pollutants was significantly associated with diabetes(long-term OR=1.034,95%CI:0.801-1.333;short-term OR=0.970,95%CI:0.774-1.209)or dyslipidemia(short-term OR=1.159,95%CI:0.967-1.386).CONCLUSION This national cohort study shows that outdoor air pollution-particularly PM1,PM_(2.5),and their chemical components-is an important environmental factor contributing to GMDs,with long-term exposure showing greater metabolic toxicity than short-term exposure.The lack of association between indoor solid fuel pollutants and GMDs underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve outdoor air quality and reduce metabolic risks at the population level.展开更多
In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patie...In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,these patients often require lifelong,costly medications,and many struggle with poor compliance.To address the limitations of pharmacological treatments,laparoscopic jejunal-ileal lateral anastomosis has become increasingly common in clinical practice and generally yields favorable outcomes.This procedure stimulates the secretion of larger amounts of glucagon-like peptide-1 by intestinal L cells,which in turn promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation,reduces insulin resistance,and effectively controls glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Nonetheless,further research is needed to fully explore its indications,contraindications,the enhancement of patients'quality of life and patients’satisfaction with the subjective experience of treatment and long-term effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aloe vera has been used as a traditional herbal therapy for wound management and dermatological conditions worldwide for thousands of years.Scientific evidence has confirmed that acemannan,the bioactive com...BACKGROUND Aloe vera has been used as a traditional herbal therapy for wound management and dermatological conditions worldwide for thousands of years.Scientific evidence has confirmed that acemannan,the bioactive compound in aloe vera gel,exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that enhance tissue regeneration.This case report describes the successful application of an innovative acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressing derived from aloe vera gel in diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)treatment,which achieved a clinically remarkable outcome.CASE SUMMARY An 80-year-old female patient with a 20-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus experienced recurrent diabetic foot pain for 15 years.She had multiple hospitalizations due to acute infections and poorly controlled hyperglycemia.Long-term treatments included metformin and gliclazide.Upon presentation,she had a nonhealing wound on her left dorsal foot,diagnosed as a severe DFU(Texas classification:Grade II,stage D).She declined amputation and opted for conservative treatment.The medical team applied an acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressing five times daily to the left calf and foot,avoiding the wound area.Frequency was reduced to three times daily after scab formation.Weight-bearing on the injured foot was avoided.Through in-person and online consultations,the team managed her lifestyle and diet,emphasizing natural foods.After 5 months,the DFU healed without significant scarring or functional loss.No recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up.Acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressings promote DFU healing.This suggests the potential of these dressings for treating other refractory wounds.展开更多
Partridge tea(Mallotus oblongifolius Muell-Arg),an important and widely consumed substitute tea in Hainan,China,possessed multi-biological activities.This study investigated the composition and content of phenolics-ri...Partridge tea(Mallotus oblongifolius Muell-Arg),an important and widely consumed substitute tea in Hainan,China,possessed multi-biological activities.This study investigated the composition and content of phenolics-rich extracts purified from partridge tea,and then explored the effect of partridge tea polyphenol extract(PTE)on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice.The results showed that the dominant components in PTE included rutin((63.78±1.86)mg/g),3-chlorogenic acid((85.81±3.48)mg/g),caffeic acid((152.78±2.93)mg/g),catechin((12.10±1.41)mg/g),gallic acid((5.24±0.12)mg/g),kaempferitrin,ellagic acid,ferulic acid,caffeic acid methylester,and geraniin.After 6 weeks of PTE intervention,glucose tolerance,insulin resistance,and pancreaticβ-cell function in T2DM mice had significantly improved.This improvement was corroborated by an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)to homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function(HOMA-β),glycogen,insulin protein expression,and reduction in insulin levels,glycosylated serum protein(GSP),homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),glucagon protein expression.The supplementation of PTE also seems to alleviate the inflammatory response,as evidenced by a decrease in endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels.Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial damage is alleviated by PTE intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E staining)and lipid profile analysis indicate that PTE intervention can help regulate lipid metabolism disorders.In addition,the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis indicates that PTE intervention could regulate glycolipid metabolism pathways related to T2DM,including insulin,AMPK,bile acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism signaling pathways.More importantly,the validation results from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)confirmed that the expressions of Scd1,Fasn,Hmgcr,and Slc2a4(related to glycolipid metabolism)were consistent with the transcriptomics data.In conclusion,these results suggested that PTE may exhibit significant health promoting effects for T2DM mice.展开更多
The extraction and solvent fi＇actionation of red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula, and repeated column chromatography led to isolation of 17 compounds： cholesterol （1）, 313,5β-dihydroxy-B-norcholestan-6βcarboxaldeh...The extraction and solvent fi＇actionation of red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula, and repeated column chromatography led to isolation of 17 compounds： cholesterol （1）, 313,5β-dihydroxy-B-norcholestan-6βcarboxaldehyde （2）, 6β-hydroxy-cholest-4-ene- 3-one （3）, 1-O-myristoyl-3-O-（6＇-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl）glycerol （4）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-（6＇-sulfo-u-19-quinovopyranosyl） glycerol （5）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[α-D-galactopyranosyl（1→6）β-D-galactopyranosyl] glycerol （6）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D- galactopyranosylglycerol （7）, methyl hexadecanoate （8）, methyl stearate （9）, hexadecanoic acid （10）, γ-n-butyl cis-aconiate （11）, α-n-Butyl cis-aconiate （12）, phenethylamine （13）, 3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine （14）, 3-methylbutylamine （15）, methyl pyroglutamate （16）, n-butyl pyroglutamate （17）. The structures of these compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and compared with those reported in the literature. All the compounds were isolated from Symphyocladia genus for the first time. These compounds were investigated for their inhibitory effects on human recombinant aldose reductase in vitro. Of the compounds, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol （7） demonstrated moderate enzyme inhibition.展开更多
In multiple sclerosis(MS),human endogenous retrovirus W family(HERV-W)envelope protein,pHERV-W ENV,limits remyelination and induces microglia-mediated neurodegeneration.To better understand its role,we examined the so...In multiple sclerosis(MS),human endogenous retrovirus W family(HERV-W)envelope protein,pHERV-W ENV,limits remyelination and induces microglia-mediated neurodegeneration.To better understand its role,we examined the soluble pHERV-W antigen from MS brain lesions detected by specific antibodies.Physico-chemical and antigenic characteristics confirmed differences between pHERV-W ENV and syncytin-1.pHERV-W ENV monomers and trimers remained associated with membranes,while hexamers self-assembled from monomers into a soluble macrostructure involving sulfatides in MS brain.Extracellular hexamers are stabilized by internal hydrophobic bonds and external hydrophilic moieties.HERV-W studies in MS also suggest that this diffusible antigen may correspond to a previously described highmolecular-weight neurotoxic factor secreted by MS B-cells and thus represents a major agonist in MS pathogenesis.Adapted methods are now needed to identify encoding HERV provirus(es)in affected cells DNA.The properties and origin of MS brain pHERV-W ENV soluble antigen will allow a better understanding of the role of HERVs in MS pathogenesis.The present results anyhow pave the way to an accurate detection of the different forms of pHERV-W ENV antigen with appropriate conditions that remained unseen until now.展开更多
Gangliosides,sialic acid-containing sphingolipids,are major constituents of neuronal membranes.According to the number of sialic acids and the structure of the oligosaccharide chain,gangliosides can be classified as s...Gangliosides,sialic acid-containing sphingolipids,are major constituents of neuronal membranes.According to the number of sialic acids and the structure of the oligosaccharide chain,gangliosides can be classified as simple or complex and grouped in different ganglio-series.Hundreds of gangliosides have been identified in vertebrate cells,with different expression patterns during development and related to several physiological processes,especially in the nervous system.While GD3 and its O-acetylated form,9acGD3,are highly expressed in early developmental stages,GM1,GD1a,GD1b,and GT1b are the most abundant ganglioside species in the mature nervous system.Mutations in enzymes involved in ganglioside metabolism can lead to the accumulation of specific species,a condition termed gangliosidosis and usually marked by severe neurological impairment.Changes in ganglioside levels have also been described in several neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.In this review,we summarized recent information about the roles of GD3,9acGD3,GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1b,and other ganglioside species in nervous system development and regeneration,as well as clinical trials evaluating possible therapeutic applications of these molecules.展开更多
A convenient synthetic route was developed for the synthesis of the novel glycolipids: 1, 2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(2-acylamide-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. 10 new compounds of glycolipids with different acyl grou...A convenient synthetic route was developed for the synthesis of the novel glycolipids: 1, 2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(2-acylamide-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. 10 new compounds of glycolipids with different acyl groups were obtained.展开更多
When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic...When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic moiety, contain dior tri-hydroxylated C16 fatty acids (UA), or C8 and C16 saturated fatty acids (MEL). We compared the growth and morphology of cells in YPD and in minimum media containing glucose and nitrogen sources such as nitrate or urea and those deprived of nitrogen. Nitrogen-starved cells showed a dramatic accumulation of internal lipids identified as lipid droplets when stained with the hydrophobic probe BODIPY;these lipid droplets were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acids in YPD or medium containing nitrate as nitrogen source showed a combination of saturated/unsaturated lipids, but when urea was the nitrogen source, cells only contained saturated fatty acids. The glycolipid profiles produced in the presence or absence of nitrogen showed preferences towards the production of one kind of glycolipid: cells in media containing nitrate or urea produced different proportions of UA/MEL, but under nitrogen starvation cells contained only UA. The emulsification capacity of the glycolipids produced in media with or without nitrogen was similar (72% - 76%). HPLC of the glycolipids allowed the separation of fractions with different emulsifying characteristics. Our results indicate that U. maydis accumulates lipid droplets when deprived of nitrogen source and confirm that UA is not under nitrogen control, but rather that MEL and lipid droplets are produced and oppositely regulated by nitrogen.展开更多
α-Galactosylceramides, which can be recognized by natural killer T （NKT） cells, are now attracting more and more attention due to their therapeutic potential in cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases. Advances h...α-Galactosylceramides, which can be recognized by natural killer T （NKT） cells, are now attracting more and more attention due to their therapeutic potential in cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases. Advances have been achieved in discovering compounds with better activities and efforts have been made to understand the structure-activity relationships （SARs） of these NKT cell ligands. In this review, we discuss the structure modifications based on KRN7000, the principal glycolipid used in the study of NKT cell stimulation, and the SARs based on these modified structures.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from ...Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from morepolar fractions of the hexane soluble of 1:1 CH_2Cl_2/MeOH extract and subjected to ~1H, ^(13)C NMR and IR Spectroscopyafter reverse phase HPLC for identification. Effects of S-ACT-1 on human sperm motility was assessed in vitro at 10,100 and 1000μg/mL concentrations at 37℃ for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Results: S-ACT-1 was identified as aglycolipid sulfate. The lower dose increased the sperm motility slightly, whilst the medium dose significantly increasedthe motility (P < 0.05) from 5 min of incubation reaching a peak at 15 min and the stimulant effect was sustainedthroughout the experimental period. Furthermore, the medium dose rendered 80% of the immotile viable sperm motile.In contrast, the highest dose impaired the sperm motility. The sperm stimulating activity of S-ACT-1 was dose-depen-dent and had a bell-shaped dose response curve for all the 5 incubation periods. Conclusion: S-ACT-1 of Gelidiellaacerosa is a Sulfono glycolipid. S-ACT-1 has a potent sperm motility stimulating activity in vitro and has the potentialto be developed into a sperm stimulant. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 27-31)展开更多
In the work,bean callus raised from a leaves of Bean common mosaic virus infected bean plant was obtained and adapted for the testing of antiviral activity of liposomal glycan-glycolipid complexes.Ganoderma adspersum ...In the work,bean callus raised from a leaves of Bean common mosaic virus infected bean plant was obtained and adapted for the testing of antiviral activity of liposomal glycan-glycolipid complexes.Ganoderma adspersum glucans and Pseudomonas spec.rhamnolipids were constituents of liposomal compaunds.It has been shown that under the long-term cultivation(up to 3 months)in the presence of a liposomal preparation containing(10-100 mg/l),the virus is eliminated from the tissue.This is evidenced by the absence of 391 bp sequence amplification product established by RT-PCR in the callus tissue,cultured on a medium containing the liposomal complex.The proposed model system is analogous to plant tumors and has obvious advantages over similar systems in vivo,since the callus growth is controlled and independent of environmental factors.展开更多
Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes m...Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM.A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were randomly divided into three groups,with 7ruts in each group,namely the insulin group,metformin group and control group.Rats in the insulin group received the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL/kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day.Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day,with the first dose of 300 mg/kg.The doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol/L.Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 every day.After the natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group.At birth,4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats,the weight of offspring rats was measured.The blood glucose level of offspring rats was measured at 4wk and 8 wk,while the level of serum insulin,triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk.Results:The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher,while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05);triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Conclusions:GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up;the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.展开更多
文摘Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.
基金This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy-Chicago(DoE-Chicago)grant DE-SC0008744 to Professor Gregory StephanopoulosDr.Ahmad M.Abdel-Mawgoud is funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC),funding reference number PDF-488195-2016,and partly by the US DoE grant DESC0008744 mentioned above。
文摘Glycosylated lipids(GLs)are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential.Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents,they have diverse biological activities with promising biomedical and cosmeceutical applications.Glycolipids,especially those of microbial origin,have interesting antimicrobial,anticancer,antiparasitic as well as immunomodulatory activities.Nonetheless,GLs are hardly accessing the market because of their high cost of production.We believe that experience of metabolic engineering(ME)of microbial lipids for biofuel production can now be harnessed towards a successful synthesis of microbial GLs for biomedical and other applications.This review presents chemical groups of bacterial and fungal GLs,their biological activities,their general biosynthetic pathways and an insight on ME strategies for their production.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51721002,21861132012,91956127,and 21975047)NSFC/China(grant nos.21674114 and 91956127)for financial supportsupported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2018SHZDZX01)and ZJ Lab.
文摘Understanding how the diversity of glycolipids,including how their chemical structures and composition affect their biological functions,is a remarkable fundamental challenge.In this work,we employed a rare monosaccharide,3-deoxy-Dmanno-2-octulosonic acid(Kdo)to build a simple and biomimetic model to understand the diversity of glycolipids from the viewpoint of supramolecular chemistry.Kdo was chosen not only because its unusual 8-carbon acidic carbohydrate backbone is very different from common hexoses,but also because of its key structural role in lipopolysaccharides and prevalence in bacteria,plant life,and algae.It was found that although both of the two Kdo-lipids S-Kdo and Kdo-S derived from the same carbohydrate backbone and gave bicelles as their self-assembled morphology,experimental results revealed that the self-assembly showed pathway complexity.Bicelle is the thermodynamic product of S-Kdo,while for Kdo-S,the bicelle is only a kinetically trapped state,which finally transforms to a ribbon.Molecular simulation clearly revealed the different packing of Kdo-lipids in the bicelles with different contribution from hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82474323)High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project(HLCMHPP20230CZ40907)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Program(ZZ13-YQ-026).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms.As an emerging interdisciplinary field,phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome,transcriptome,proteome,metabolome,and microbiome.When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy,it forms TCM phenomics,providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine.Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example,this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder.By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes,TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes,metabolites,and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes.Simultaneously,it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas,demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways,improvement of gut microbiota imbalance,and suppression of inflammatory responses.Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis,insufficient standardization of animal models,and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis.Future research should employ machine learning,multimodal data integration,and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes,promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine,and accelerate the modernization of TCM.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent,to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,the report is as follows.AIM To investigate the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with T2DM who were treated via jejunoileal lateral anastomosis.Metabolic indicators were collected preoperatively,as well as at 3 and 6 months postoperative.The metabolic indicators analyzed included body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour blood glucose(PBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting C-peptide,2-hour C-peptide(PCP),fasting insulin(Fins),2-hour insulin(Pins),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),βCellular function index(HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(L DL-C),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein,and uric acid(UA)levels.RESULTS SBP,DBP,PBG,HbA1c,LDL-C,and TG were all significantly lower 3 months postoperative vs preoperative values;body weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,FBG,PBG,HbA1c,TC,TG,UA,and HOMA-IR values were all significantly lower 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months;and PCP,Fins,Pins,and HOMA-βwere all significantly higher 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunum and ileum can effectively treat T2DM and improve the metabolic index levels associated with it.
基金Supported by Ganzhou City’s“Light of the Soviet Area”Talent Project,No.GZSQZG202301009。
文摘Metabolic diseases have emerged as a leading cause of mortality from non-communicable diseases,posing a significant global public health challenge.Al-though the association between ceramides(Cers)and metabolic diseases is well-established,the role of the acid sphingomyelinase(ASMase)/Cer pathway in these diseases remains underexplored.This review synthesizes recent research on the biological functions,regulatory mechanisms,and targeted therapies related to the ASMase/Cer pathway in metabolic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and cardiovascular disease.The effects of the ASMase/Cer pathway on metabolic disease-related indicators,such as glycolipid metabolism,insulin resistance,inflammation,and mitochondrial homeostasis are elucidated.Moreover,this article discusses the therapeutic strategies using ASMase/Cer inhibitors for inverse prevention and treatment of these metabolic diseases in light of the possible efficacy of blockade of the ASMase/Cer pathway in arresting the progression of metabolic diseases.These insights offered herein should provide insight into the contribution of the ASMase/Cer pathway to metabolic diseases and offer tools to develop therapeutic interventions for such pathologies and their severe complications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301700(to Wang B)and No.82471464(to Li S)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation Project,No.2023-MS-266(to Teng Y)and No.2024-MS-157(to Wang B)+2 种基金Youth Talent Cultivation Fund Key Project of Dalian Medical University(to Wang B)Scientific Research Projects from Wuhan Municipal Health Commission,No.WX23Z26(to Xia M)Research Project Plan of the Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital,No.QYT2023-02(to Chen DF).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Accurate prognostic assessment,which is essential for enhancing overall survival(OS),currently depends on pathologic and clinical staging.This underscores the urgent need for reliable and real-time prognostic biomarkers.The triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,a readily available marker of insulin resistance,has recently emerged as a potential prognostic tool in GC.Numerous studies have consistently shown a significant association between elevated TyG levels and inferior OS as well as progression-free survival.Despite these promising findings,several challenges must be addressed before the TyG index can be widely adopted in clinical practice.Firstly,the TyG index lacks cancer-specificity,reflecting broader metabolic disturbances commonly observed in conditions such as obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular disease.This lack of specificity complicates its interpretation in oncological settings.Additionally,the cutoff values for TyG index vary across studies,hindering the establishment of a standardized threshold for clinical application.While the TyG index provides valuable insights into a patient's metabolic health,its limited cancer specificity necessitates cautious use when evaluating the prognosis of GC treatment.
基金Supported by the Teaching Research and Reform Fund Project of Central South University,No.2024jy178.
文摘BACKGROUND The association between ambient air pollution and glycolipid metabolic disorders(GMDs,including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia)is still not well understood,especially when it comes to the different effects of long-term vs short-term exposure and the sources of pollutants(indoor or outdoor).AIM To look at how outdoor particulate matter(PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10))and ozone(O3),as well as indoor pollutants from solid fuels,are related to the risk of developing GMDs in a cohort that represents the national population.METHODS We used a longitudinal cohort design to look at how different time periods of air pollution exposure(long-term:5-year averages;short-term:1-year averages)affect the incidence of GMDs in middle-aged and elderly adults.Multivariable logistic regression models,which took into account key factors such as age,sex,and smoking status,were used to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Our study found that exposure to air pollution(1μg/m^(3))has different effects on GMDs.Long-term exposure to outdoor pollutants like PM1,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and O3 consistently increased the risk of diabetes(PM1:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.018-1.205;PM_(2.5):OR=1.038,95%CI:1.007-1.071;PM_(10):OR=1.023,95%CI:1.004-1.043)and dyslipidemia(PM1:OR=1.150,95%CI:1.064-1.249;PM_(2.5):OR=1.053,95%CI:1.023-1.086;PM_(10):OR=1.032,95%CI:1.014-1.052).Short-term exposure showed even stronger associations,particularly for PM1 with dyslipidemia(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.044-1.114)and PM1 with diabetes(OR=1.047,95%CI:1.007-1.089).Notably,certain components of PM_(2.5)-chloride(Cl^(-)),ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),and nitrate(NO3-)-showed a dose-dependent relationship with both conditions(for example,Cl^(-):Diabetes OR=1.797 per 1μg/m^(3),95%CI:1.086-2.991;dyslipidemia OR=2.627,95%CI:1.728-4.012).However,neither long-term nor short-term exposure to indoor solid fuel pollutants was significantly associated with diabetes(long-term OR=1.034,95%CI:0.801-1.333;short-term OR=0.970,95%CI:0.774-1.209)or dyslipidemia(short-term OR=1.159,95%CI:0.967-1.386).CONCLUSION This national cohort study shows that outdoor air pollution-particularly PM1,PM_(2.5),and their chemical components-is an important environmental factor contributing to GMDs,with long-term exposure showing greater metabolic toxicity than short-term exposure.The lack of association between indoor solid fuel pollutants and GMDs underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve outdoor air quality and reduce metabolic risks at the population level.
文摘In this article,we comment on an article by Wang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Existing treatments with oral medications can partially mitigate the toxicity of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.However,these patients often require lifelong,costly medications,and many struggle with poor compliance.To address the limitations of pharmacological treatments,laparoscopic jejunal-ileal lateral anastomosis has become increasingly common in clinical practice and generally yields favorable outcomes.This procedure stimulates the secretion of larger amounts of glucagon-like peptide-1 by intestinal L cells,which in turn promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation,reduces insulin resistance,and effectively controls glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Nonetheless,further research is needed to fully explore its indications,contraindications,the enhancement of patients'quality of life and patients’satisfaction with the subjective experience of treatment and long-term effects.
文摘BACKGROUND Aloe vera has been used as a traditional herbal therapy for wound management and dermatological conditions worldwide for thousands of years.Scientific evidence has confirmed that acemannan,the bioactive compound in aloe vera gel,exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that enhance tissue regeneration.This case report describes the successful application of an innovative acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressing derived from aloe vera gel in diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)treatment,which achieved a clinically remarkable outcome.CASE SUMMARY An 80-year-old female patient with a 20-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus experienced recurrent diabetic foot pain for 15 years.She had multiple hospitalizations due to acute infections and poorly controlled hyperglycemia.Long-term treatments included metformin and gliclazide.Upon presentation,she had a nonhealing wound on her left dorsal foot,diagnosed as a severe DFU(Texas classification:Grade II,stage D).She declined amputation and opted for conservative treatment.The medical team applied an acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressing five times daily to the left calf and foot,avoiding the wound area.Frequency was reduced to three times daily after scab formation.Weight-bearing on the injured foot was avoided.Through in-person and online consultations,the team managed her lifestyle and diet,emphasizing natural foods.After 5 months,the DFU healed without significant scarring or functional loss.No recurrence was observed during the 2-year follow-up.Acemannan-enriched glycolipid sphere dressings promote DFU healing.This suggests the potential of these dressings for treating other refractory wounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201991 and 32360109)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(ZDYF2022SHFZ052)the Collaborative Innovation Center Project of Hainan University,China(XTCX2022NYC19).
文摘Partridge tea(Mallotus oblongifolius Muell-Arg),an important and widely consumed substitute tea in Hainan,China,possessed multi-biological activities.This study investigated the composition and content of phenolics-rich extracts purified from partridge tea,and then explored the effect of partridge tea polyphenol extract(PTE)on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice.The results showed that the dominant components in PTE included rutin((63.78±1.86)mg/g),3-chlorogenic acid((85.81±3.48)mg/g),caffeic acid((152.78±2.93)mg/g),catechin((12.10±1.41)mg/g),gallic acid((5.24±0.12)mg/g),kaempferitrin,ellagic acid,ferulic acid,caffeic acid methylester,and geraniin.After 6 weeks of PTE intervention,glucose tolerance,insulin resistance,and pancreaticβ-cell function in T2DM mice had significantly improved.This improvement was corroborated by an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)to homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function(HOMA-β),glycogen,insulin protein expression,and reduction in insulin levels,glycosylated serum protein(GSP),homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),glucagon protein expression.The supplementation of PTE also seems to alleviate the inflammatory response,as evidenced by a decrease in endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels.Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial damage is alleviated by PTE intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E staining)and lipid profile analysis indicate that PTE intervention can help regulate lipid metabolism disorders.In addition,the integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis indicates that PTE intervention could regulate glycolipid metabolism pathways related to T2DM,including insulin,AMPK,bile acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism signaling pathways.More importantly,the validation results from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)confirmed that the expressions of Scd1,Fasn,Hmgcr,and Slc2a4(related to glycolipid metabolism)were consistent with the transcriptomics data.In conclusion,these results suggested that PTE may exhibit significant health promoting effects for T2DM mice.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.30672599)
文摘The extraction and solvent fi＇actionation of red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula, and repeated column chromatography led to isolation of 17 compounds： cholesterol （1）, 313,5β-dihydroxy-B-norcholestan-6βcarboxaldehyde （2）, 6β-hydroxy-cholest-4-ene- 3-one （3）, 1-O-myristoyl-3-O-（6＇-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl）glycerol （4）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-（6＇-sulfo-u-19-quinovopyranosyl） glycerol （5）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[α-D-galactopyranosyl（1→6）β-D-galactopyranosyl] glycerol （6）, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D- galactopyranosylglycerol （7）, methyl hexadecanoate （8）, methyl stearate （9）, hexadecanoic acid （10）, γ-n-butyl cis-aconiate （11）, α-n-Butyl cis-aconiate （12）, phenethylamine （13）, 3,5-dibromo-L-tyrosine （14）, 3-methylbutylamine （15）, methyl pyroglutamate （16）, n-butyl pyroglutamate （17）. The structures of these compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and compared with those reported in the literature. All the compounds were isolated from Symphyocladia genus for the first time. These compounds were investigated for their inhibitory effects on human recombinant aldose reductase in vitro. Of the compounds, 1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol （7） demonstrated moderate enzyme inhibition.
文摘In multiple sclerosis(MS),human endogenous retrovirus W family(HERV-W)envelope protein,pHERV-W ENV,limits remyelination and induces microglia-mediated neurodegeneration.To better understand its role,we examined the soluble pHERV-W antigen from MS brain lesions detected by specific antibodies.Physico-chemical and antigenic characteristics confirmed differences between pHERV-W ENV and syncytin-1.pHERV-W ENV monomers and trimers remained associated with membranes,while hexamers self-assembled from monomers into a soluble macrostructure involving sulfatides in MS brain.Extracellular hexamers are stabilized by internal hydrophobic bonds and external hydrophilic moieties.HERV-W studies in MS also suggest that this diffusible antigen may correspond to a previously described highmolecular-weight neurotoxic factor secreted by MS B-cells and thus represents a major agonist in MS pathogenesis.Adapted methods are now needed to identify encoding HERV provirus(es)in affected cells DNA.The properties and origin of MS brain pHERV-W ENV soluble antigen will allow a better understanding of the role of HERVs in MS pathogenesis.The present results anyhow pave the way to an accurate detection of the different forms of pHERV-W ENV antigen with appropriate conditions that remained unseen until now.
基金supported by grants and fellowships from the Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia(DECIT/MS)do Ministério da Saúde,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa,Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ)(to RMO).
文摘Gangliosides,sialic acid-containing sphingolipids,are major constituents of neuronal membranes.According to the number of sialic acids and the structure of the oligosaccharide chain,gangliosides can be classified as simple or complex and grouped in different ganglio-series.Hundreds of gangliosides have been identified in vertebrate cells,with different expression patterns during development and related to several physiological processes,especially in the nervous system.While GD3 and its O-acetylated form,9acGD3,are highly expressed in early developmental stages,GM1,GD1a,GD1b,and GT1b are the most abundant ganglioside species in the mature nervous system.Mutations in enzymes involved in ganglioside metabolism can lead to the accumulation of specific species,a condition termed gangliosidosis and usually marked by severe neurological impairment.Changes in ganglioside levels have also been described in several neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.In this review,we summarized recent information about the roles of GD3,9acGD3,GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1b,and other ganglioside species in nervous system development and regeneration,as well as clinical trials evaluating possible therapeutic applications of these molecules.
文摘A convenient synthetic route was developed for the synthesis of the novel glycolipids: 1, 2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(2-acylamide-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. 10 new compounds of glycolipids with different acyl groups were obtained.
文摘When cultured in medium limited of nitrogen sources, the phytopathogen Ustilago maydis produces two amphipathic glycolipids: Ustilagic acid (UA) and Mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), which in addition to the hydrophilic moiety, contain dior tri-hydroxylated C16 fatty acids (UA), or C8 and C16 saturated fatty acids (MEL). We compared the growth and morphology of cells in YPD and in minimum media containing glucose and nitrogen sources such as nitrate or urea and those deprived of nitrogen. Nitrogen-starved cells showed a dramatic accumulation of internal lipids identified as lipid droplets when stained with the hydrophobic probe BODIPY;these lipid droplets were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acids in YPD or medium containing nitrate as nitrogen source showed a combination of saturated/unsaturated lipids, but when urea was the nitrogen source, cells only contained saturated fatty acids. The glycolipid profiles produced in the presence or absence of nitrogen showed preferences towards the production of one kind of glycolipid: cells in media containing nitrate or urea produced different proportions of UA/MEL, but under nitrogen starvation cells contained only UA. The emulsification capacity of the glycolipids produced in media with or without nitrogen was similar (72% - 76%). HPLC of the glycolipids allowed the separation of fractions with different emulsifying characteristics. Our results indicate that U. maydis accumulates lipid droplets when deprived of nitrogen source and confirm that UA is not under nitrogen control, but rather that MEL and lipid droplets are produced and oppositely regulated by nitrogen.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.90713010)"863"Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2006AA09Z405).
文摘α-Galactosylceramides, which can be recognized by natural killer T （NKT） cells, are now attracting more and more attention due to their therapeutic potential in cancer, infection and autoimmune diseases. Advances have been achieved in discovering compounds with better activities and efforts have been made to understand the structure-activity relationships （SARs） of these NKT cell ligands. In this review, we discuss the structure modifications based on KRN7000, the principal glycolipid used in the study of NKT cell stimulation, and the SARs based on these modified structures.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (S-ACT-1) isolated from Gelidiellaacerosa, a Sfi Lankan marine red algae. Methods: S-ACT-I, a white amorphous powder was separated from morepolar fractions of the hexane soluble of 1:1 CH_2Cl_2/MeOH extract and subjected to ~1H, ^(13)C NMR and IR Spectroscopyafter reverse phase HPLC for identification. Effects of S-ACT-1 on human sperm motility was assessed in vitro at 10,100 and 1000μg/mL concentrations at 37℃ for 0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Results: S-ACT-1 was identified as aglycolipid sulfate. The lower dose increased the sperm motility slightly, whilst the medium dose significantly increasedthe motility (P < 0.05) from 5 min of incubation reaching a peak at 15 min and the stimulant effect was sustainedthroughout the experimental period. Furthermore, the medium dose rendered 80% of the immotile viable sperm motile.In contrast, the highest dose impaired the sperm motility. The sperm stimulating activity of S-ACT-1 was dose-depen-dent and had a bell-shaped dose response curve for all the 5 incubation periods. Conclusion: S-ACT-1 of Gelidiellaacerosa is a Sulfono glycolipid. S-ACT-1 has a potent sperm motility stimulating activity in vitro and has the potentialto be developed into a sperm stimulant. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 27-31)
基金supplied by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(governmental registration number of work is 0110U001871).
文摘In the work,bean callus raised from a leaves of Bean common mosaic virus infected bean plant was obtained and adapted for the testing of antiviral activity of liposomal glycan-glycolipid complexes.Ganoderma adspersum glucans and Pseudomonas spec.rhamnolipids were constituents of liposomal compaunds.It has been shown that under the long-term cultivation(up to 3 months)in the presence of a liposomal preparation containing(10-100 mg/l),the virus is eliminated from the tissue.This is evidenced by the absence of 391 bp sequence amplification product established by RT-PCR in the callus tissue,cultured on a medium containing the liposomal complex.The proposed model system is analogous to plant tumors and has obvious advantages over similar systems in vivo,since the callus growth is controlled and independent of environmental factors.
基金supported by Shandong Natural Science Fund(Y2008c170)
文摘Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM.A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were randomly divided into three groups,with 7ruts in each group,namely the insulin group,metformin group and control group.Rats in the insulin group received the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL/kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day.Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day,with the first dose of 300 mg/kg.The doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol/L.Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 every day.After the natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group.At birth,4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats,the weight of offspring rats was measured.The blood glucose level of offspring rats was measured at 4wk and 8 wk,while the level of serum insulin,triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk.Results:The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher,while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05);triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Conclusions:GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up;the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.
