In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the op...In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the optimality conditions of the problem,we introduce appropriate affine matrix and construct an affine scaling ARC subproblem with linearized constraints.Composite step methods and reduced Hessian methods are applied to tackle the linearized constraints.As a result,a standard unconstrained ARC subproblem is deduced and its solution can supply sufficient decrease.The fraction to the boundary rule maintains the strict feasibility(for nonnegative constraints on variables)of every iteration point.Reflection techniques are employed to prevent the iterations from approaching zero too early.Under mild assumptions,global convergence of the algorithm is analysed.Preliminary numerical results are reported.展开更多
The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain....The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.展开更多
Experts and officials shared their insights on poverty reduction cooperation and sustainable development during the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships.
This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model E...This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.展开更多
A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,...A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is ex...Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).展开更多
By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narrati...By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narratives that relegated the continent to the margins,Diouf uncovers the intellectual,artistic,and cultural traditions through which Africans have continuously interpreted,debated,and rewritten their own histories.展开更多
The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risk...The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.展开更多
Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proo...Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.展开更多
GENERAL INFORMATION International Journal of Ophthalmology—IJO,published continuously since 2008,a global ophthalmological scientific publication and a peer-reviewed,open access periodical published in print and onli...GENERAL INFORMATION International Journal of Ophthalmology—IJO,published continuously since 2008,a global ophthalmological scientific publication and a peer-reviewed,open access periodical published in print and online monthly(ISSN:2222-3959 print,ISSN:2227-4898 online).IJO is sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association Xi’an Branch,China and obtains guidance.It is indexed in SCI,PubMed,PubMed Central,Chemical Abstract,Scopus,EMBASE etc.The latest JCR IF is 1.8,Five-year Impact Factor is 1.8,CiteScore in 2024 is 2.8.展开更多
科学技术是第一生产力,是国家发展的核心战略力量。对于农业农村科技现代化实现效率的研究,有助于了解我国农业农村科技现代化推进过程中存在的问题,为相关决策提供可靠的参考依据。基于熊彼特创新理论的分析框架,构建Global Super SBM...科学技术是第一生产力,是国家发展的核心战略力量。对于农业农村科技现代化实现效率的研究,有助于了解我国农业农村科技现代化推进过程中存在的问题,为相关决策提供可靠的参考依据。基于熊彼特创新理论的分析框架,构建Global Super SBM模型,对我国农业农村科技现代化的实现效率进行了实证分析。研究表明:当前我国各地区对农业农村科技现代化的重视程度不断增加,促进了整体效率的提升,但是区域的不平衡性问题突出;虽然我国部分地区能够发挥好自身的比较优势或后发优势,但可能由于地区经济结构相对复杂,导致资源投入分散,或者投入较大而投入效率不高而导致实现效率较低;地区间农业农村科技现代化实现效率的差异可能引发各地区内部技术进步的不均衡性。基于此,提出需要从发掘农业农村科技创新动能、优化农业农村资源要素配置、缩小农业农村地区技术差异等方面提升我国农业农村科技现代化的实现效率。展开更多
In this paper,we propose a three-term conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems based on the Hestenes-Stiefel(HS)conjugate gradient method and Polak-Ribiere-Polyak(PRP)conjugate gradien...In this paper,we propose a three-term conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems based on the Hestenes-Stiefel(HS)conjugate gradient method and Polak-Ribiere-Polyak(PRP)conjugate gradient method.Under the condition of standard Wolfe line search,the proposed search direction is the descent direction.For general nonlinear functions,the method is globally convergent.Finally,numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient.展开更多
Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the gl...Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrest...1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(da...A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts o...Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071133)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421993)Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B110005)。
文摘In this paper,an adaptive cubic regularisation algorithm based on affine scaling methods(ARCBASM)is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained programming with nonnegative constraints on variables.From the optimality conditions of the problem,we introduce appropriate affine matrix and construct an affine scaling ARC subproblem with linearized constraints.Composite step methods and reduced Hessian methods are applied to tackle the linearized constraints.As a result,a standard unconstrained ARC subproblem is deduced and its solution can supply sufficient decrease.The fraction to the boundary rule maintains the strict feasibility(for nonnegative constraints on variables)of every iteration point.Reflection techniques are employed to prevent the iterations from approaching zero too early.Under mild assumptions,global convergence of the algorithm is analysed.Preliminary numerical results are reported.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.CE230100012)。
文摘The onset,cessation,and length of the rainy season are crucial for global water resources,agricultural practices,and food security.However,the response of precipitation seasonality to global warming remains uncertain.In this study,we analyze how global warming levels(GWLs)of 1.5℃ and 2℃ could affect the timing of rainfall onset(RODs),rainfall cessation(RCDs),and the overall duration of the rainy season(LRS)over global land monsoon(GLM)regions using simulations from CMIP6 under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.With high model consensus,our results reveal that RODs are projected to occur later over Southern Africa,North Africa,and South America,but earlier over South Asia and Australia,in a warmer climate.The projected early RODs in Australia are more pronounced at the 2℃ GWL under SSP5-8.5.On the other hand,early RCDs are projected over South America and East Asia,while late RCDs are projected over North Africa,with high inter-model agreement.These changes are associated with a future decrease in LRS in most GLM regions.Additionally,we found that continuous warming over 1.5℃ will further reduce the length of the rainy season,especially over the South America,North Africa,and Southern Africa monsoon regions.The findings underscore the urgent need to mitigate global warming.
文摘Experts and officials shared their insights on poverty reduction cooperation and sustainable development during the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships.
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.202203129)the Project of Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province(Grant No.24JRRA439)partially funded by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,Grant No.2022-06725)。
文摘This study investigates the impact of vegetation-climate feedback on the global land monsoon system during the Last Interglacial(LIG,127000 years BP)and the mid-Holocene(MH,6000 years BP)using the earth system model EC-Earth3.Our findings indicate that vegetation changes significantly influence the global monsoon area and precipitation patterns,especially in the North African and Indian monsoon regions.The North African monsoon region experienced the most substantial increase in vegetation during both the LIG and MH,resulting in significant increases in monsoonal precipitation by 9.8%and 6.0%,respectively.The vegetation feedback also intensified the Saharan Heat Low,strengthened monsoonal flows,and enhanced precipitation over the North African monsoon region.In contrast,the Indian monsoon region exhibited divergent responses to vegetation changes.During the LIG,precipitation in the Indian monsoon region decreased by 2.2%,while it increased by 1.6%during the MH.These differences highlight the complex and region-specific impacts of vegetation feedback on monsoon systems.Overall,this study demonstrates that vegetation feedback exerts distinct influences on the global monsoon during the MH and LIG.These findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation-climate feedback in understanding past monsoon variability and in predicting future climate change impacts on monsoon systems.
文摘A Tibetan art form bridges the past and present and connects cultures around the world.THANGKA,a unique form of Tibetan sacred painting,is gaining prominence globally due to its vibrant colors,exquisite craftsmanship,and profound religious and cultural significance.With the acceleration of globalization,this symbol of Tibetan culture that combines artistic expression with spirituality has become a bridge for cultural exchange between the East and the West.Recently,China Today spoke to Yixi Puncog,art collector and council member of the China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture,to learn more about Thangka art,its role in international exchange,and how it is enhancing China’s cultural soft power.
文摘Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).
文摘By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narratives that relegated the continent to the margins,Diouf uncovers the intellectual,artistic,and cultural traditions through which Africans have continuously interpreted,debated,and rewritten their own histories.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608904)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.060GJHZ2023079GC and 134111KYSB20160031)+1 种基金supported by the Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Model Analysis program area through the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling(WACCEM)scientific focus areaoperated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830。
文摘The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
文摘Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.
文摘GENERAL INFORMATION International Journal of Ophthalmology—IJO,published continuously since 2008,a global ophthalmological scientific publication and a peer-reviewed,open access periodical published in print and online monthly(ISSN:2222-3959 print,ISSN:2227-4898 online).IJO is sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association Xi’an Branch,China and obtains guidance.It is indexed in SCI,PubMed,PubMed Central,Chemical Abstract,Scopus,EMBASE etc.The latest JCR IF is 1.8,Five-year Impact Factor is 1.8,CiteScore in 2024 is 2.8.
文摘科学技术是第一生产力,是国家发展的核心战略力量。对于农业农村科技现代化实现效率的研究,有助于了解我国农业农村科技现代化推进过程中存在的问题,为相关决策提供可靠的参考依据。基于熊彼特创新理论的分析框架,构建Global Super SBM模型,对我国农业农村科技现代化的实现效率进行了实证分析。研究表明:当前我国各地区对农业农村科技现代化的重视程度不断增加,促进了整体效率的提升,但是区域的不平衡性问题突出;虽然我国部分地区能够发挥好自身的比较优势或后发优势,但可能由于地区经济结构相对复杂,导致资源投入分散,或者投入较大而投入效率不高而导致实现效率较低;地区间农业农村科技现代化实现效率的差异可能引发各地区内部技术进步的不均衡性。基于此,提出需要从发掘农业农村科技创新动能、优化农业农村资源要素配置、缩小农业农村地区技术差异等方面提升我国农业农村科技现代化的实现效率。
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Guangxi(Guike AD23023002)。
文摘In this paper,we propose a three-term conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems based on the Hestenes-Stiefel(HS)conjugate gradient method and Polak-Ribiere-Polyak(PRP)conjugate gradient method.Under the condition of standard Wolfe line search,the proposed search direction is the descent direction.For general nonlinear functions,the method is globally convergent.Finally,numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82273721,82304220)Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH(grant number:CFA202201003).
文摘Background While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers,comprehensive data on esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer burden remain limited.This study examines the global burden of esophageal,gastric,and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate(ASRs)in China from 2000 to 2018,thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.Methods The global burden of esophageal,gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset.Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers.The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.Results Globally,esophageal,gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8%of incident cancer cases and 19.1%of cancer deaths.China bore a disproportionately high burden,representing 43.8%,37.0%,and 42.4%of global esophageal,gastric,and liver cancer cases respectively,and 42.1%,39.4%,and 41.7%of corresponding deaths.However,the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China(2000–2018),with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022.Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old,with AAPCs of less than–6.0%for esophageal cancer,around–4.0%for gastric cancer,and approximately–2.0%for liver cancer.Conclusions China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal,gastric and liver cancers,yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges.Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs,particularly for aging populations.These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun dation of China(52374170 and 51974313)the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFF1303300).
文摘1.Introduction Changes in land use are key factors promoting global climate change,and the side effects of mining activity that destroy the soil,vegetation,and biodiversity lead to imbalanced carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
基金Natural science foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024LHMS06018)The basic scientific research funding for directly affiliated universities in the Inner Mongolia(JY20250094)。
文摘A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2022YFE0127900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071558,32171559)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.2023ZD23)the Hulunbuir Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SF2022001)the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2023ZA002).
文摘Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.
