Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face o...Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face of rapid global population growth requires sustained attention to global and national cropland changes.Accurately quantifying the correlation between population and cropland area(i.e.,SDG 2.4.1 per capita cropland)and analyzing the trends of global cropland imbalance are essential for a comprehensive understanding of SDG 2.In this study,we utilized a new global 30 m land-cover dynamic dataset(GLC_FCS30D)to analyze cropland dynamics,quantify per capita cropland and its changes across various countries and levels of development.Our results indicate that the global cropland area expanded by 0.944 million km^(2)from 1985 to 2022,with an average expansion rate of 2.42×10^(4)km^(2)/yr.However,the global per capita cropland area decreased from 0.347 ha in 1985 to 0.217 ha in 2022,mainly due to a higher population increase of nearly 65%in the same period.In the context of globalization,cropland expansion and per capita cropland exhibited spatial imbalances globally,particularly in developing countries.Developing countries saw an increase in total cropland area by 7.09%but a significant decrease in per capita cropland area by 37.38%.From a temporal perspective,the global imbalance has been steadily increasing with the Gini index rising from 0.895 in 1985 to 0.909 in 2022.Consequently,this study reveals an increasing imbalance of global per capita cropland across various countries,which threatens the attainment of the targets of SDG 2.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that the compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one(D30),a pyromeconic acid derivative,possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,inhibits amyloid-β aggregati...Previous studies have shown that the compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one(D30),a pyromeconic acid derivative,possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,inhibits amyloid-β aggregation,and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment,similar to the phase Ⅲ clinical drug resveratrol.In this study,we established a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β-induced neuropathology.Our results showed that D30 alleviated fibrillar amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment,promoted fibrillar amyloid-β clearance from the hippocampus and cortex,suppressed oxidative stress,and inhibited activation of microglia and astrocytes.D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β-induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein expression.Notably,we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-βintroduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain,and this increase was blocked by D30.Considering the role of D30 in clearing amyloid-β,inhibiting neuroinflammation,protecting synapses,and improving cognition,this study highlights the potential of galectin-3 as a promising treatment target for patients with Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
The Arun and Tista Rivers,which flow across the Himalayas,are commonly known as antecedent valleys that overcame the rapid uplift of the Higher Himalayan ranges.To clarify whether the idea of antecedent rivers is acce...The Arun and Tista Rivers,which flow across the Himalayas,are commonly known as antecedent valleys that overcame the rapid uplift of the Higher Himalayan ranges.To clarify whether the idea of antecedent rivers is acceptable,we investigated the geomorphology of the Himalayas between eastern Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas.The southern part of Tibetan Plateau,extending across the Himalayas as tectonically un-deformed glaciated terrain named as'Tibetan Corridor,'does not suggest the regional uplift of the Higher Himalayas.The 8,000-m class mountains of Everest,Makalu,and Kanchenjunga are isolated residual peaks on the glaciated terrain composed of mountain peaks of 4,000–6,000 m high.The Tibetan glaciers commonly beheaded by Himalayan glaciers along the great watershed of the Himalayas suggest the expansion of Himalayan river drainage by glaciation.For the narrow upstream regions of the Arun and Tista Rivers with less precipitation behind the range,it is hard to collect enough water for the power of down-cutting their channels against the uplifting Himalayas.The fission track ages of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Nappe suggest that the Himalayas attained their present altitude by 11–10 Ma,and the Arun and Tista Rivers formed deep gorges across the Himalayas by headward erosion.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3907403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201499)the Open Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(Grant No.CBAS2022ORP03).
文摘Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face of rapid global population growth requires sustained attention to global and national cropland changes.Accurately quantifying the correlation between population and cropland area(i.e.,SDG 2.4.1 per capita cropland)and analyzing the trends of global cropland imbalance are essential for a comprehensive understanding of SDG 2.In this study,we utilized a new global 30 m land-cover dynamic dataset(GLC_FCS30D)to analyze cropland dynamics,quantify per capita cropland and its changes across various countries and levels of development.Our results indicate that the global cropland area expanded by 0.944 million km^(2)from 1985 to 2022,with an average expansion rate of 2.42×10^(4)km^(2)/yr.However,the global per capita cropland area decreased from 0.347 ha in 1985 to 0.217 ha in 2022,mainly due to a higher population increase of nearly 65%in the same period.In the context of globalization,cropland expansion and per capita cropland exhibited spatial imbalances globally,particularly in developing countries.Developing countries saw an increase in total cropland area by 7.09%but a significant decrease in per capita cropland area by 37.38%.From a temporal perspective,the global imbalance has been steadily increasing with the Gini index rising from 0.895 in 1985 to 0.909 in 2022.Consequently,this study reveals an increasing imbalance of global per capita cropland across various countries,which threatens the attainment of the targets of SDG 2.
基金supported by the Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Fujian Medical University,No.XRCZX2018014(to DZ)Startup Fund for Scientific Research,Fujian Medical University,No.2019QH1017(to CW)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China,Nos.2021J01693(to DZ),2021J02032(to ZCY)。
文摘Previous studies have shown that the compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one(D30),a pyromeconic acid derivative,possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,inhibits amyloid-β aggregation,and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment,similar to the phase Ⅲ clinical drug resveratrol.In this study,we established a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β-induced neuropathology.Our results showed that D30 alleviated fibrillar amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment,promoted fibrillar amyloid-β clearance from the hippocampus and cortex,suppressed oxidative stress,and inhibited activation of microglia and astrocytes.D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β-induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein expression.Notably,we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-βintroduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain,and this increase was blocked by D30.Considering the role of D30 in clearing amyloid-β,inhibiting neuroinflammation,protecting synapses,and improving cognition,this study highlights the potential of galectin-3 as a promising treatment target for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS KAKENHI)Grant Number 18H00766(principal investigator:Takashi Nakata)Grant Number 18KK0027(principal investigator:Yasuhiro Kumahara).
文摘The Arun and Tista Rivers,which flow across the Himalayas,are commonly known as antecedent valleys that overcame the rapid uplift of the Higher Himalayan ranges.To clarify whether the idea of antecedent rivers is acceptable,we investigated the geomorphology of the Himalayas between eastern Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas.The southern part of Tibetan Plateau,extending across the Himalayas as tectonically un-deformed glaciated terrain named as'Tibetan Corridor,'does not suggest the regional uplift of the Higher Himalayas.The 8,000-m class mountains of Everest,Makalu,and Kanchenjunga are isolated residual peaks on the glaciated terrain composed of mountain peaks of 4,000–6,000 m high.The Tibetan glaciers commonly beheaded by Himalayan glaciers along the great watershed of the Himalayas suggest the expansion of Himalayan river drainage by glaciation.For the narrow upstream regions of the Arun and Tista Rivers with less precipitation behind the range,it is hard to collect enough water for the power of down-cutting their channels against the uplifting Himalayas.The fission track ages of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Nappe suggest that the Himalayas attained their present altitude by 11–10 Ma,and the Arun and Tista Rivers formed deep gorges across the Himalayas by headward erosion.
文摘目的制备肠溶性包衣膜,考察混合膜材以及添加剂对膜材性质的影响。方法采用平面铸膜法制备Eudragit NE30D/L 30D-55及Eudragit FS 30D/L 30D-55游离膜,并以膜的透湿性、机械性能为指标,考察膜材比例及添加剂[增塑剂柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、抗黏剂单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)、乳化剂吐温80(Tween-80)]对游离膜的影响。结果 Eudragit NE 30D及Eudragit FS 30D的加入能够增加Eudragit L 30D-55膜材的延展性、弹性和耐撞击负载的能力,同时也会减小膜材的强度、增加其透湿性。Eudragit L 30D-55与Eudragit NE 30D的混合膜材透湿性较大,对于湿度敏感性药物,应尽量避免选择透湿性大的包衣膜材。TEC和Tween-80的加入可改善膜材的柔韧性和弹性,降低膜材的强度,同时,TEC的加入可以增加膜材的透湿性,而GMS对膜材各项机械性质和透湿性影响不大。结论通过简单的调节混合膜材的种类、比例、添加剂的用量可以制得符合要求的肠溶游离膜。
