The Glauber/eikonal model is a widely used tool for studying intermediate-and high-energy nuclear reactions.When calculating the Glauber/eikonal model phase shift functions,the optical limit approximation(OLA)is often...The Glauber/eikonal model is a widely used tool for studying intermediate-and high-energy nuclear reactions.When calculating the Glauber/eikonal model phase shift functions,the optical limit approximation(OLA)is often used.The OLA neglects the multiple scattering of the constituent nucleons in the projectile and target nuclei.However,the nucleon-target version of the Glauber model(the NTG model)proposed by Abu-Ibrahim and Suzuki includes multiple scattering effects between the projectile nucleons and target nuclei.The NTG model was found to improve the description of the elastic scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections of some light heavy-ion systems with respect to the OLA.In this work,we study the single-nucleon removal reactions(SNRRs)induced by carbon isotopes on ^(12)C and ^(9)Be targets using both the NTG model and the OLA.Reduction factors(RFs)of the single-nucleon spectroscopic factors were obtained by comparing the experimental and theoretical SNRR cross sections.On average,the RFs obtained with the NTG model were smaller than those obtained using the OLA by 7.8%,in which the average difference in one-neutron removal was 10.6% and that in one-proton removal was 4.2%.However,the RFs were still strongly dependent on the neutron-proton asymmetryΔS of the projectile nuclei,even when the NTG model was used.展开更多
We studied the structure of 12 C through the modified Glauber model using the density distributions calculated by the relativistic mean field theory. The experimental reaction cross sections of 12 C + 12 C were analyz...We studied the structure of 12 C through the modified Glauber model using the density distributions calculated by the relativistic mean field theory. The experimental reaction cross sections of 12 C + 12 C were analyzed within the MOL by a χ 2 -fitting procedure. The effects of the nuclear deformation on the reaction cross sections are studied. The reliable structure of 12 C is deduced. The studies show that the conjunction of these two models will be a more effective tool to study the properties of nuclei.展开更多
1 Introduction The main production of Yabulai salt lake was original salt and recycled salt many years ago.After decade’s production,the sale lake resource is more and more deficient.Glauber’s salt and magnesium sal...1 Introduction The main production of Yabulai salt lake was original salt and recycled salt many years ago.After decade’s production,the sale lake resource is more and more deficient.Glauber’s salt and magnesium salt are concentrated in brine now.It could affect the quality of the salt.In recent years,research had done much work to展开更多
In this paper, we generalize Freidlin and Wentzell machinery [7] to the case of Glauber dynamics, which is still a stochastic dynamics even as the temperature vanishes. We first consider the probability to exit from a...In this paper, we generalize Freidlin and Wentzell machinery [7] to the case of Glauber dynamics, which is still a stochastic dynamics even as the temperature vanishes. We first consider the probability to exit from an attractive basin and enter into another one in the limit as the temperature goes to zero. The first exiting time to escape from an attractive basin of an attractor in which the process starts is estimated. Then we show conclusions above in the case of exiting from a region formed by geveral attractive basins. The unpredictability of the exiting time is proved.展开更多
It was first proposed that an extended chain Ising （ECI） model contains the Ising chain model, single spin doublewell potentials and a pure phonon heat bath of a specific energy exchange with the spins. The extensio...It was first proposed that an extended chain Ising （ECI） model contains the Ising chain model, single spin doublewell potentials and a pure phonon heat bath of a specific energy exchange with the spins. The extension method is easy to apply to high dimensional cases. Then the single spin-flip probability （rate） of the ECI model is deduced based on the Boltzmann principle and general statistical principles of independent events and the model is simplified to an extended chain Glauber-Ising （ECGI） model. Moreover, the relaxation dynamics of the ECGI model were simulated by the Monte Carlo method and a comparison with the predictions of the special chain Clauber-Ising （SCGI） model was presented. It was found that the results of the two models are consistent with each other when the Ising chain length is large enough and temperature is relative low, which is the most valuable case of the model applications. These show that the ECI model will provide a firm physical base for the widely used single spin-flip rate proposed by Glauber and a possible route to obtain the single spin-flip rate of other form and even the multi-spin-flip rate.展开更多
Effects of Glauber gluons,which cause the elastic scattering process between different jets,are studied in the frame of soft-collinear effective theory.Glauber modes are added into the action before being integrated o...Effects of Glauber gluons,which cause the elastic scattering process between different jets,are studied in the frame of soft-collinear effective theory.Glauber modes are added into the action before being integrated out,which is helpful in studies on the Glauber couplings of collinear and soft particles.It is proved that the final state interactions cancel out for processes inclusive enough.So are interactions with the light cone coordinates x^(+)and x^(-)greater than those of the hard collision.The eikonalization of Glauber couplings of active particles and absorption of these couplings into soft and collinear Wilson lines are discussed,which is related to the loop level definitions of Glauber gluons here.The active-spectator coherence is proved to be harmless to the inclusive summation of spectator-spectator and spectator-soft Glauber exchanges.Based on this result,spectator-spectator and spectator-soft Glauber exchanges cancel out in the processes considered here.Graphic aspects of the cancellation are also discussed to explain relations between the graphic and operator level cancellation of Glauber gluons.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1606702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2067205 and 12205098).
文摘The Glauber/eikonal model is a widely used tool for studying intermediate-and high-energy nuclear reactions.When calculating the Glauber/eikonal model phase shift functions,the optical limit approximation(OLA)is often used.The OLA neglects the multiple scattering of the constituent nucleons in the projectile and target nuclei.However,the nucleon-target version of the Glauber model(the NTG model)proposed by Abu-Ibrahim and Suzuki includes multiple scattering effects between the projectile nucleons and target nuclei.The NTG model was found to improve the description of the elastic scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections of some light heavy-ion systems with respect to the OLA.In this work,we study the single-nucleon removal reactions(SNRRs)induced by carbon isotopes on ^(12)C and ^(9)Be targets using both the NTG model and the OLA.Reduction factors(RFs)of the single-nucleon spectroscopic factors were obtained by comparing the experimental and theoretical SNRR cross sections.On average,the RFs obtained with the NTG model were smaller than those obtained using the OLA by 7.8%,in which the average difference in one-neutron removal was 10.6% and that in one-proton removal was 4.2%.However,the RFs were still strongly dependent on the neutron-proton asymmetryΔS of the projectile nuclei,even when the NTG model was used.
文摘We studied the structure of 12 C through the modified Glauber model using the density distributions calculated by the relativistic mean field theory. The experimental reaction cross sections of 12 C + 12 C were analyzed within the MOL by a χ 2 -fitting procedure. The effects of the nuclear deformation on the reaction cross sections are studied. The reliable structure of 12 C is deduced. The studies show that the conjunction of these two models will be a more effective tool to study the properties of nuclei.
基金financial support of National Nature Science Foundation (21376178)TIDA giant growth plan (2011-XJR13020)+3 种基金Tianjin Science and technology support program (12ZCDZSF06900)Tianjin University of Science and Technology fund for scientific research (20120119)Tianjin education commission program (20130509)Research fund for the doctoral program of higher education of China (20131208120001)
文摘1 Introduction The main production of Yabulai salt lake was original salt and recycled salt many years ago.After decade’s production,the sale lake resource is more and more deficient.Glauber’s salt and magnesium salt are concentrated in brine now.It could affect the quality of the salt.In recent years,research had done much work to
文摘In this paper, we generalize Freidlin and Wentzell machinery [7] to the case of Glauber dynamics, which is still a stochastic dynamics even as the temperature vanishes. We first consider the probability to exit from an attractive basin and enter into another one in the limit as the temperature goes to zero. The first exiting time to escape from an attractive basin of an attractor in which the process starts is estimated. Then we show conclusions above in the case of exiting from a region formed by geveral attractive basins. The unpredictability of the exiting time is proved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10774064 and 30860076)Xinjiang High-Tech Development Foundation (Grant No.200916126)the Key Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Science-Technology Department (Grant Nos.200821104 and 200821184)
文摘It was first proposed that an extended chain Ising （ECI） model contains the Ising chain model, single spin doublewell potentials and a pure phonon heat bath of a specific energy exchange with the spins. The extension method is easy to apply to high dimensional cases. Then the single spin-flip probability （rate） of the ECI model is deduced based on the Boltzmann principle and general statistical principles of independent events and the model is simplified to an extended chain Glauber-Ising （ECGI） model. Moreover, the relaxation dynamics of the ECGI model were simulated by the Monte Carlo method and a comparison with the predictions of the special chain Clauber-Ising （SCGI） model was presented. It was found that the results of the two models are consistent with each other when the Ising chain length is large enough and temperature is relative low, which is the most valuable case of the model applications. These show that the ECI model will provide a firm physical base for the widely used single spin-flip rate proposed by Glauber and a possible route to obtain the single spin-flip rate of other form and even the multi-spin-flip rate.
基金supported by The National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11805151The Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Xi’an University of Science and Technology under Grant No.6310116055+3 种基金The Scientific Fostering Foundation of Xi’an University of Science and Technology under Grant No.201709supported by The Department of Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2015JM1027supported by China Postdoctoral Foundation under Grant No.2015M581824,20161001International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program between JUELICH and OCPC。
文摘Effects of Glauber gluons,which cause the elastic scattering process between different jets,are studied in the frame of soft-collinear effective theory.Glauber modes are added into the action before being integrated out,which is helpful in studies on the Glauber couplings of collinear and soft particles.It is proved that the final state interactions cancel out for processes inclusive enough.So are interactions with the light cone coordinates x^(+)and x^(-)greater than those of the hard collision.The eikonalization of Glauber couplings of active particles and absorption of these couplings into soft and collinear Wilson lines are discussed,which is related to the loop level definitions of Glauber gluons here.The active-spectator coherence is proved to be harmless to the inclusive summation of spectator-spectator and spectator-soft Glauber exchanges.Based on this result,spectator-spectator and spectator-soft Glauber exchanges cancel out in the processes considered here.Graphic aspects of the cancellation are also discussed to explain relations between the graphic and operator level cancellation of Glauber gluons.
