BACKGROUND Gastric oxyntic gland adenoma is a rare neoplasm often misdiagnosed as a hyperplastic or fundic gland polyp due to nonspecific endoscopic features and the limitations of superficial biopsies,leading to diag...BACKGROUND Gastric oxyntic gland adenoma is a rare neoplasm often misdiagnosed as a hyperplastic or fundic gland polyp due to nonspecific endoscopic features and the limitations of superficial biopsies,leading to diagnostic delays.CASE SUMMARY In 2020,a gastroscopy of a 47-year-old man revealed a 0.5 cm lesion that was diagnosed as a hyperplastic polyp by superficial biopsy.By 2022,the lesion had enlarged to 1.0 cm exhibiting firmness,bleeding tendency,and disrupted sub-mucosal layers on endoscopic ultrasound.Repeat biopsies again suggested hyperplasia.Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed,confirming the diagnosis of gastric oxyntic gland adenoma.Additional surgical resection con-firmed negative margins,and no recurrence at the three-year postoperative follow-up.However,endoscopic ultrasound revealed localized thickening(1.2 mm)of the muscularis mucosae at the gastric lesser curvature,likely repres-enting post-procedural fibrosis.The patient was clinically asymptomatic,and was advised to continue annual endoscopic monitoring.CONCLUSION This case highlights the necessity of deep biopsy or complete resection for diagnosis.We recommend long-term endoscopic surveillance post-resection and heightened clinical vigilance to mitigate misdiagnosis risks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually consi...BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)sc...AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan was performed for all patients.Pathology and immunohistochemical staining of prolapsed tissue were performed during the surgery.The histopathological subtype was obtained,and the related clinical manifestations of different subtype were marked.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients involved,the histopathological subtype includes dacryoadenitis(43%;n=38),focal lymphocytes infiltration(20%;n=18),immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(15%;n=13),lacrimal gland(13%;n=12),and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(9%;n=8).As for manifestations of different subtypes,eyelid swelling was found the most frequent of lymphocytes infiltration(44%,n=8),and palpable lacrimal gland mass of dacryoadenitis(55%,n=21).All the IgG4-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(100%,n=13)and most dacryoadenitis(97%,n=37)presented as bilateral.CONCLUSION:LGP has the histopathological subtype most commonly as inflammation,followed by structural and lymphoproliferative changes.Most of patients present as eyelid swelling.Clinical manifestations can be significant to differentiate the diagnosis.展开更多
AIM： To report the clinical impact of adrenal endoscop-ic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in the evaluation of patients with adrenal gland enlargement or mass.METHODS： In a retrospective single-center...AIM： To report the clinical impact of adrenal endoscop-ic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in the evaluation of patients with adrenal gland enlargement or mass.METHODS： In a retrospective single-center case-series, patients undergoing EUS-FNA of either adrenal gland from 1997-2011 in our tertiary care center were included. Medical records were reviewed and results of EUS, cytology, adrenal size change on follow-up imag-ing ≥ 6 mo after EUS and any repeat EUS or surgery were abstracted. A lesion was considered benign if： （1） EUS-FNA cytology was benign and the lesion remained 〈 1 cm from its original size on follow-up computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging or repeat EUS ≥ 6 mo after EUS-FNA; or （2） subsequent adrenalectomy and surgical pathology was benign. RESULTS： Ninety-four patients had left （n = 90） and/or right （n = 5） adrenal EUS-FNA without adverse events. EUS indications included： cancer staging or suspected recurrence （n = 31）, pancreatic （n = 20）, medi-astinal （n = 10）, adrenal （n = 7）, lung （n = 7） mass or other indication （n = 19）. Diagnoses after adrenal EUS-FNA included metastatic lung （n = 10）, esophageal （n= 5）, colon （n = 2）, or other cancer （n = 8）; benign primary adrenal mass or benign tissue （n = 60）; or was non-diagnostic （n = 9）. Available follow-up confrmed a benign lesion in 5/9 non-diagnostic aspirates and 32/60 benign aspirates. Four of the 60 benign aspirates were later confrmed as malignant by repeat biopsy, follow-up CT, or adrenalectomy. Adrenal EUS-FNA diagnosed metastatic cancer in 24, and ruled out metastasis in 10 patients. For the diagnosis of malignancy, EUS-FNA of either adrenal had sensitivity, specifcity, positive predic-tive value and negative predictive value of 86%, 97%, 96% and 89%, respectively.CONCLUSION： Adrenal gland EUS-FNA is safe, mini-mally invasive and a sensitive technique with signifcant impact in the management of adrenal gland mass or enlargement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma(ESGDA)is very rare,and easily diagnosed as adenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and intermittent dull pain during swallo...BACKGROUND Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma(ESGDA)is very rare,and easily diagnosed as adenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and intermittent dull pain during swallowing for 10 days.Digestive endoscopy revealed a polypoid bulge at the esophago-gastric junction,which was resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Routine pathological examination showed intestinal metaplasia of the glandular epithelium on the mucosal surface,with serous tumor-like complex glands in the submucosa which showing significant hyperplasia.This initially diagnosis was early gastric adenocarcinoma.However,we still observed a few points that did not meet the criteria for cancer such as lack of malignant features.Following multidisciplinary discussion and consultation with the experienced specialist pathologists,we finally diagnosed the lesion as a rare ESGDA by further immunohistochemistry.The follow-up examination results for the patient were satisfactory,with no evidence of tumor recurrence.And we summarize the ESGDAs reported in the literature,aiming to enhance understanding of this tumor type.CONCLUSION ESGDA is a benign tumor that can be cured by ESD.Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary extensive therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understa...Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies.However,microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens.In this study,SFTSV transmission from H.longicornis to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tickrabbit transmission model.Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission.The relative abundance of three genera(Serratia,Bifidobacterium,and Akkermansia)increased,whereas five genera(Flavobacterium,Staphylococcus,Enhydrobacter,Massilia,and Stenotrophomonas)decreased.Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between Akkermansia and Flavobacterium.These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of H.longicornis,providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.展开更多
Accurate identification and viability assessment of the parathyroid glands(PGs)are critical when performing thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.Traditional visual inspection-based intrao-perative methods suffer from sub...Accurate identification and viability assessment of the parathyroid glands(PGs)are critical when performing thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.Traditional visual inspection-based intrao-perative methods suffer from subjectivity and uncertainty.Near-infrared(NIR)imaging meth-ods,including NIR autofluorescence(NIRAF)imaging and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging(ICGFI),have emerged as promising and reliable techniques for intraoperative PG identification and assessment.Here,the principles and clinical performanoe of NIR imaging methods were comprehensively reviewed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine Weifuchun(WFC,胃复春)on gastric fundic gland polyps(FGPs).METHODS:FGPs organoids were constructed with patients-derived samples.The morphology and s...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine Weifuchun(WFC,胃复春)on gastric fundic gland polyps(FGPs).METHODS:FGPs organoids were constructed with patients-derived samples.The morphology and size of FGPs organoids were detected using bright-field imaging.Effective components and corresponding potential targets of WFC were screened using multiple opensource databases and research on Traditional Chinese Medicine or compound formulas.Core genes were identified through protein-protein interaction networks.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analyses of the core genes were conducted.The interactions between main components and core targets were analyzed through the Ferr Db database.The expressions of core targets were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).RESULTS:After WFC treatment,the number and size of FGPs organoids were significantly reduced.Twenty nine active drug components and 162 candidate targets of WFC for treating FGPs were identified,including 37 targets related to ferroptosis.Quercetin,Glaucocalyxin B,Melissoidesin U,Melissoidesin O,Hesperetin,Glaucocalyxin A,Angustifolin,Melissoidesin M,Di-n-octyl phthalate,and beta-sitosterol were identified as the main active compounds.SRC proto-oncogene,non-receptor tyrosine kinase,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta,phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1,and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 were identified as the primary targets.KEGG pathways related to carcinogenesis,cell proliferation and metabolism,and oxidative stress.WFC promoted FGPs organoids'death and could be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor of Erastin.The q RT-PCR results showed that WFC treatment could regulate the m RNA expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11,acyl-Co A synthetase long chain family member 4,and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase,type B.CONCLUSION:WFC may exert its therapeutic effects by inducing ferroptosis in FGPs cells.展开更多
Background Lactate is a classical byproduct of glucose metabolism,and the main lactate production pathway depends on glycolysis.Lactate stabilized HIF1αby inhibiting PHD activity,leading to hypoxic stress response an...Background Lactate is a classical byproduct of glucose metabolism,and the main lactate production pathway depends on glycolysis.Lactate stabilized HIF1αby inhibiting PHD activity,leading to hypoxic stress response and exacerbating glycolysis in multiple tissues.However,the redox induction mechanism of lactate in mammary gland has not been understood yet.Herein,we describe a lactate-responsive HIF1α/circadian control mechanism in oxidative stress in the mammary glands of dairy cows.Results The in vivo study showed that dairy cows with high lactate concentrations are associated with reduced milk yield and more ROS accumulation in mammary gland.Western blot results in MAC-T cells showed positive correlation between lactate concentrations,expression of HIF1αand oxidative stress indicators,but not circadian core components.To test how lactate-mediated HIF1αdysfunction leads to cell protection process,we investigated altered expression of circadian core related genes following HIF1αstabilization.We found that stabilized HIF1αby lactate inhibited stimulated expression of circadian core components due to the similarity of HRE and E-box transcription elements.Furthermore,we found that lactate treatment strengthened the binding of HIF1αwith BMAL1,HMOX1 and FOXO3 in MAC-T cells.Moreover,HIF1αknockdown altered expression of circadian rhythm related genes and reduced oxidative stress state.Conclusion In summary,our study highlights the central role of competitive transcriptional element occupancy in lactate-mediated oxidative stress of mammary gland,which is caused by HIF1αstabilization and circadian rhythm dysfunction.Our findings introduce a novel nutritional strategy with potential applications in dairy farming for optimizing milk production and maintaining mammary gland health.展开更多
Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genet...Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.展开更多
The domesticated silkworm(Bombyx mori)has evolved a highly efficient nitrogen utilization system to support silk production.The silk glands play a pleiotropic role in sequestering nitrogen resources for silk synthesis...The domesticated silkworm(Bombyx mori)has evolved a highly efficient nitrogen utilization system to support silk production.The silk glands play a pleiotropic role in sequestering nitrogen resources for silk synthesis,mitigating aminoacidemia by assimilating free amino acids,and reallocating nitrogen during metamorphosis through programmed cell death.However,the specific functions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in this process remain unclear.Using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing,mutations were generated in glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate synthetase(GOGAT),asparagine synthetase(AS),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1(GOT1).Disruption of GS,GOGAT,and AS consistently reduced silkworm cocoon and pupal weight and significantly down-regulated silk protein gene transcription,whereas GOT1 mutation had no such effect.GOGAT mutants exhibited abnormally enlarged silk glands,whereas GS and AS mutants showed delayed programmed cell death in the silk glands.In contrast,GOT1 mutants displayed normal silk gland morphology but were consistently smaller.Disruption of GS,GOGAT,and AS led to more extensive transcriptional changes,including altered expression of transcription factors in the silk glands,compared with GOT1 mutants.Both GS and GOGAT mutants exhibited up-regulation of AS and GDH,while only GOGAT mutants displayed elevated AS enzymatic activity,suggesting that GOGAT may compete with AS for glutamine in the silk glands to support silk protein synthesis.AS mutants showed significantly elevated GOT activity and up-regulation of several metabolic pathways,indicating that AS may functionally interact with GOT in regulating both silk gland development and programmed cell death during metamorphosis.展开更多
The mud crab(Scylla paramamosain)has been successfully cultivated in chloride-type low-salinity alkaline waters,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to this environment remain elusive.This study seek...The mud crab(Scylla paramamosain)has been successfully cultivated in chloride-type low-salinity alkaline waters,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to this environment remain elusive.This study seeks to uncover the adaptation mechanisms of the antennal gland of mud crab under acute chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water stress.Three-hundred crabs were randomly selected and divided into two groups:the low salinity(LS,salinity of 2.2)group and the control group(CK,salinity of 23.4).Following a 120-h experimental period,the antennal glands were sampled for transcriptomic analysis.Experimental results show that acute chloride-type low-salinity saline-alkaline water stress led to a significant decline in the survivorship of mud crab.Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,we identified 923 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),among which 272 were upregulated and 651 were downregulated.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of these DEGs are closely linked to functions such as energy metabolism and osmoregulation.Notably,the pathways involving oxidoreductase activity,oxidative phosphorylation,symporter activity,and intracellular calcium-activated chloride channels were significantly enriched,highlighting their pivotal roles in enhancing the osmoregulatory capacity of mud crab and maintaining internal homeostasis in chloride-type low-salinity alkaline environments.Additionally,the upregulation of genes such as SLC6A9,SLC6A4,and FH further facilitated transmembrane ion transport and energy metabolism,thereby reinforcing intracellular isosmotic regulation.However,these controls also pose a potential risk of oxidative stress.Therefore,the antennal gland plays a crucial role in the response of mud crab to acute chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water stress.This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of mud crab and lays a theoretical foundation for enhancing chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water aquaculture techniques.展开更多
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland(LGACC)is the most common type of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland,which is characterized by a high recurrence rate,perineural invasion,and a propensity to...Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland(LGACC)is the most common type of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland,which is characterized by a high recurrence rate,perineural invasion,and a propensity to metastasize to distant sites.Due to its unclear pathogenesis,LGACC has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate.In recent years,a range of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been clinically applied,leading to a shift in the treatment approach for LGACC.This article discussed the advances being made in the treatment of LGACC and provides readers with an overview of the impact of LGACC treatment modalities on patient survival and prognostic levels.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children with...AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.展开更多
Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been devel...Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been developed using various genetic manipulation techniques.The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and facilitated the development of new genetically engineered mouse models.In this study,we aimed to develop a novel Apc knockout allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate the phenotypic effects of this new allele in two different mouse strains.For this purpose,exon 16 of mouse Apc gene was targeted with a single-guide RNA,and the mouse carrying an Apc frameshift mutation at codon 750(^(Δ750))was chosen as the founder.The mutant FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mice were backcrossed with wild-type C57BL/6 mice,and the phenotypic effects of the knockout allele were evaluated in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750),F4-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),and F1-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)by a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal system.The result showed that the mean polyp number was significantly higher in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)than in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Intestinal polyposis was more prominent in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),whereas a higher number of colon polyps than intestinal polyps were observed in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Additionally,F1-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mixed background mice developed gastric polyps that morphologically resembled the pyloric gland adenoma of humans.In conclusion,we developed a novel CRISPR-mediated Apc knockout allele using two mouse strains.We showed that this allele can exert a strainspecific effect on the phenotype of mice and can cause gastric polyp formation.展开更多
Correspondence to:Satoru Kase.Department of Ophthalmology,Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine,Hokkaido University,N-15,W-7,Kita-ku,Sapporo 060-8638,Japan.kaseron@med.hokudai.ac.jp AIM:To evaluate the c...Correspondence to:Satoru Kase.Department of Ophthalmology,Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine,Hokkaido University,N-15,W-7,Kita-ku,Sapporo 060-8638,Japan.kaseron@med.hokudai.ac.jp AIM:To evaluate the clinical features of primary lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma(LGPA).METHODS:This was a 2-center,retrospective,observational study of primary LGPA patients who underwent tumor resection.Ophthalmic examinations and orbital computed tomography(CT)and/or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were performed.RESULTS:Totally 18 patients(10 males and 8 females,mean age 56.3±13.8y)were enrolled.Initial symptoms were unilateral proptosis in 8 patients,diplopia in 3 patients,and pressure sensation and no chief complaint in 2 patients each.The best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye was 0.26±0.44 logMAR,and the intraocular pressure(IOP)of the affected and healthy eyes was 20.1±9.9 and 15.8±4.3 mm Hg,respectively.The difference in degree of proptosis between the affected and healthy eyes was 4.1±2.2 mm based on the Hertel ocular protrusion meter.One case had a history of breast cancer.Seventeen of 18 patients with an orbital lacrimal gland origin underwent total tumor excision by anterior/lateral orbitotomy.CONCLUSION:Orbital LGPA can complicate IOP elevation,and require total tumor excision by orbitotomy.In rare cases,systemic malignancy may complicate LGPA,and in such cases total removal of the lacrimal gland tumor should be considered at the initial surgery.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate parameters measured using the tear film imager(TFI)prototype,a new technology that enables to quantify the tear film thickness of lipid and mucoaqueous layers.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,pati...AIM:To evaluate parameters measured using the tear film imager(TFI)prototype,a new technology that enables to quantify the tear film thickness of lipid and mucoaqueous layers.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,patients with dry eye,meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),and non-dry eye/MGD from February 2020 to January 2021 were analyzed.Quantified TFI outputs included lipid layer thickness(LLT),mucoaqueous layer thickness(MALT),MALT rate of change(MALTR),and lipid breakup time.Two other interferometry devices,LipiView2 and DR-1α,were used for comparison.TFI outputs and other clinical parameters were analyzed using correlation coefficients.Each patient underwent one or several study visits.Baseline values of three device outputs,other clinical parameters,and their changes were examined.RESULTS:This study involved 28 patients(8 patients with dry eyes,13 with MGD,and 7 with non-dry eye/MGD).Baseline TFI,LipiView2,and DR-1αvalues were associated with various clinical parameters.The LLT values estimated using TFI had a correlation with the plugging score in the upper eyelid(r=−0.42).Several TFI values have correlated better than LipiView2 and DR-1α,particularly with questionnaire scores.MALTR by TFI revealed a correlation between standardized patient evaluation on eye dryness(SPEED)and dry eye-related quality of life score(DEQS)scores(r=0.59,0.43),respectively.CONCLUSION:TFI enabled to quantify the LLT and MALT separately over time and shows the moderate correlations between TFI measurements and clinical parameters,which yields the potential for TFI to serve as a complementary tool for assessing dry eye and MGD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the Bartholin’s gland represents an exceptionally rare malignancy with limited documented cases in the medical literature.It typically manifests as a solid mass that clinica...BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the Bartholin’s gland represents an exceptionally rare malignancy with limited documented cases in the medical literature.It typically manifests as a solid mass that clinically warrants suspicion for neoplastic processes.CASE SUMMARY This case series details two cases of primary ACC cases involving the Bartholin’s gland treated with radical surgical resection of the vaginal lesions.Notably,divergent therapeutic approaches resulted in contrasting prognoses:The patient receiving adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery maintained disease-free status with no locoregional recurrence or metastatic progression through 58 months of surveillance.Conversely,the non-radiated patient experienced disease recurrence within 18 months postoperatively.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that postoperative radiation therapy may significantly decrease local recurrence rates in Bartholin’s gland ACC,potentially influencing long-term disease control.This comparative outcome analysis underscores the importance of integrating adjuvant radiotherapy integration into treatment protocols for this rare malignancy.展开更多
Objective:This study primarily focuses on analyzing the inductive effects of emotional disturbances on the malignant transformation process of mammary gland epithelial cells.Methods:A total of 42 patients with maligna...Objective:This study primarily focuses on analyzing the inductive effects of emotional disturbances on the malignant transformation process of mammary gland epithelial cells.Methods:A total of 42 patients with malignant transformation of mammary gland epithelial cells(breast cancer,observation group)and 42 patients without malignant transformation of mammary gland epithelial cells(non-breast tumors,control group)were selected as research subjects.The earliest consultation time was January 2022,and the latest was January 2024.The extent of psychological stress impact on these patients was compared.Results:Compared with the control group,the observation group experienced a higher frequency and intensity(LEU value)of adverse life events,with P<0.05.The intensity of adverse life events in the observation group,except for mild events,was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In terms of the content distribution of adverse life events,the proportion of marital and family problems in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The negative coping score and positive coping score in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).Regarding social support,the objective support score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:During the malignant transformation process of mammary gland epithelial cells,long-term emotional disturbances have a significant impact,indicating a close relationship between psychological stress and the occurrence of breast cancer.展开更多
AIM:To examine carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma(CXPA)and its development to provide information for its clinical assessment and prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 26 patients with pathologically diagnosed CXPA wer...AIM:To examine carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma(CXPA)and its development to provide information for its clinical assessment and prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 26 patients with pathologically diagnosed CXPA were included for analysis.The patients’medical histories and data(e.g.,gender,age,eye laterality,clinical manifestations,pathologic and immunohistochemical indices,treatments,and prognosis)were recorded.RESULTS:The average age of the 26 patients was 59.6±15.7y.There was no significant difference in the gender distribution.The incidence of CXPA bone destruction was approximately 57.7%,and the incidence of optic nerve involvement and extraocular muscle involvement was approximately 15.4%and 19.2%,respectively.The most common pathological type was adenocarcinoma(34.6%),followed by ductal carcinoma(26.9%).Five patients had recurrence or metastasis(19.2%).The 5-year recurrencefree survival rate was 59.0%.There were no significant differences in survival rates among patients with different pathologic types and stages(P>0.05).Bone destruction,nerve invasion,and peripheral tissue invasion did not significantly affect survival rate(P>0.05).Surgery combined with 125I radiation therapy leads to a better survival prognosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CXPA has a variety of pathologic classifications,with characteristics of bone destruction and peripheral tissue invasion.Surgery combined with ^(125)I endoradiotherapy is a preferable treatment option.However,long-term follow-up and close observation for recurrence or metastasis should be performed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2025XZYJ04.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric oxyntic gland adenoma is a rare neoplasm often misdiagnosed as a hyperplastic or fundic gland polyp due to nonspecific endoscopic features and the limitations of superficial biopsies,leading to diagnostic delays.CASE SUMMARY In 2020,a gastroscopy of a 47-year-old man revealed a 0.5 cm lesion that was diagnosed as a hyperplastic polyp by superficial biopsy.By 2022,the lesion had enlarged to 1.0 cm exhibiting firmness,bleeding tendency,and disrupted sub-mucosal layers on endoscopic ultrasound.Repeat biopsies again suggested hyperplasia.Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed,confirming the diagnosis of gastric oxyntic gland adenoma.Additional surgical resection con-firmed negative margins,and no recurrence at the three-year postoperative follow-up.However,endoscopic ultrasound revealed localized thickening(1.2 mm)of the muscularis mucosae at the gastric lesser curvature,likely repres-enting post-procedural fibrosis.The patient was clinically asymptomatic,and was advised to continue annual endoscopic monitoring.CONCLUSION This case highlights the necessity of deep biopsy or complete resection for diagnosis.We recommend long-term endoscopic surveillance post-resection and heightened clinical vigilance to mitigate misdiagnosis risks.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201214,No.82201221)Ophthalmic New Technology Incubation Fund Project of China Primary Health Care Foundation(No.2022 No.005)Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program(No.2021SF-156).
文摘AIM:To analyze the clinical and pathological features of 89 patients presenting as lacrimal gland prolapse(LGP).METHODS:This retrospective study included 89 patients presenting as LGP.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan was performed for all patients.Pathology and immunohistochemical staining of prolapsed tissue were performed during the surgery.The histopathological subtype was obtained,and the related clinical manifestations of different subtype were marked.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients involved,the histopathological subtype includes dacryoadenitis(43%;n=38),focal lymphocytes infiltration(20%;n=18),immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(15%;n=13),lacrimal gland(13%;n=12),and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(9%;n=8).As for manifestations of different subtypes,eyelid swelling was found the most frequent of lymphocytes infiltration(44%,n=8),and palpable lacrimal gland mass of dacryoadenitis(55%,n=21).All the IgG4-related lacrimal gland inflammatory disease(100%,n=13)and most dacryoadenitis(97%,n=37)presented as bilateral.CONCLUSION:LGP has the histopathological subtype most commonly as inflammation,followed by structural and lymphoproliferative changes.Most of patients present as eyelid swelling.Clinical manifestations can be significant to differentiate the diagnosis.
文摘AIM： To report the clinical impact of adrenal endoscop-ic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in the evaluation of patients with adrenal gland enlargement or mass.METHODS： In a retrospective single-center case-series, patients undergoing EUS-FNA of either adrenal gland from 1997-2011 in our tertiary care center were included. Medical records were reviewed and results of EUS, cytology, adrenal size change on follow-up imag-ing ≥ 6 mo after EUS and any repeat EUS or surgery were abstracted. A lesion was considered benign if： （1） EUS-FNA cytology was benign and the lesion remained 〈 1 cm from its original size on follow-up computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging or repeat EUS ≥ 6 mo after EUS-FNA; or （2） subsequent adrenalectomy and surgical pathology was benign. RESULTS： Ninety-four patients had left （n = 90） and/or right （n = 5） adrenal EUS-FNA without adverse events. EUS indications included： cancer staging or suspected recurrence （n = 31）, pancreatic （n = 20）, medi-astinal （n = 10）, adrenal （n = 7）, lung （n = 7） mass or other indication （n = 19）. Diagnoses after adrenal EUS-FNA included metastatic lung （n = 10）, esophageal （n= 5）, colon （n = 2）, or other cancer （n = 8）; benign primary adrenal mass or benign tissue （n = 60）; or was non-diagnostic （n = 9）. Available follow-up confrmed a benign lesion in 5/9 non-diagnostic aspirates and 32/60 benign aspirates. Four of the 60 benign aspirates were later confrmed as malignant by repeat biopsy, follow-up CT, or adrenalectomy. Adrenal EUS-FNA diagnosed metastatic cancer in 24, and ruled out metastasis in 10 patients. For the diagnosis of malignancy, EUS-FNA of either adrenal had sensitivity, specifcity, positive predic-tive value and negative predictive value of 86%, 97%, 96% and 89%, respectively.CONCLUSION： Adrenal gland EUS-FNA is safe, mini-mally invasive and a sensitive technique with signifcant impact in the management of adrenal gland mass or enlargement.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma(ESGDA)is very rare,and easily diagnosed as adenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort and intermittent dull pain during swallowing for 10 days.Digestive endoscopy revealed a polypoid bulge at the esophago-gastric junction,which was resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Routine pathological examination showed intestinal metaplasia of the glandular epithelium on the mucosal surface,with serous tumor-like complex glands in the submucosa which showing significant hyperplasia.This initially diagnosis was early gastric adenocarcinoma.However,we still observed a few points that did not meet the criteria for cancer such as lack of malignant features.Following multidisciplinary discussion and consultation with the experienced specialist pathologists,we finally diagnosed the lesion as a rare ESGDA by further immunohistochemistry.The follow-up examination results for the patient were satisfactory,with no evidence of tumor recurrence.And we summarize the ESGDAs reported in the literature,aiming to enhance understanding of this tumor type.CONCLUSION ESGDA is a benign tumor that can be cured by ESD.Accurate diagnosis can prevent unnecessary extensive therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102433,32160124,32370522,32090014)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(822RC711,821QN254)。
文摘Haemaphysalis longicornis serves as the primary tick vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),the etiological agent responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Understanding alterations in tick salivary gland microbiota during SFTSV transmission to vertebrate hosts is essential for developing novel control strategies.However,microbial shifts in tick salivary glands during pathogen transmission to hosts have not been reported for any tick-borne pathogens.In this study,SFTSV transmission from H.longicornis to vertebrate hosts was confirmed using a tickrabbit transmission model.Salivary gland microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified significant changes in bacterial composition associated with viral transmission.The relative abundance of three genera(Serratia,Bifidobacterium,and Akkermansia)increased,whereas five genera(Flavobacterium,Staphylococcus,Enhydrobacter,Massilia,and Stenotrophomonas)decreased.Correlation network analysis revealed a negative association between Akkermansia and Flavobacterium.These findings demonstrated that SFTSV transmission alters the salivary gland microbiota of H.longicornis,providing insights for future functional studies and the development of targeted strategies for SFTS control.
基金supported by Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2022ZD005,YG2024QNA06).
文摘Accurate identification and viability assessment of the parathyroid glands(PGs)are critical when performing thyroid and parathyroid surgeries.Traditional visual inspection-based intrao-perative methods suffer from subjectivity and uncertainty.Near-infrared(NIR)imaging meth-ods,including NIR autofluorescence(NIRAF)imaging and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging(ICGFI),have emerged as promising and reliable techniques for intraoperative PG identification and assessment.Here,the principles and clinical performanoe of NIR imaging methods were comprehensively reviewed.
基金the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Letter([2022]-1)Dongzhimen Hospital Horizontal Project:Exploring the Effects of Weifuchun on Key Mechanisms of Different Types of Gastric Polyps based on Human Organoid Culture Technology(No.HX-DZM-202239)the Qihuang Talent Program for Renowned Physician Cultivation at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.Y2023A06)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine Weifuchun(WFC,胃复春)on gastric fundic gland polyps(FGPs).METHODS:FGPs organoids were constructed with patients-derived samples.The morphology and size of FGPs organoids were detected using bright-field imaging.Effective components and corresponding potential targets of WFC were screened using multiple opensource databases and research on Traditional Chinese Medicine or compound formulas.Core genes were identified through protein-protein interaction networks.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analyses of the core genes were conducted.The interactions between main components and core targets were analyzed through the Ferr Db database.The expressions of core targets were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).RESULTS:After WFC treatment,the number and size of FGPs organoids were significantly reduced.Twenty nine active drug components and 162 candidate targets of WFC for treating FGPs were identified,including 37 targets related to ferroptosis.Quercetin,Glaucocalyxin B,Melissoidesin U,Melissoidesin O,Hesperetin,Glaucocalyxin A,Angustifolin,Melissoidesin M,Di-n-octyl phthalate,and beta-sitosterol were identified as the main active compounds.SRC proto-oncogene,non-receptor tyrosine kinase,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta,phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1,and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 were identified as the primary targets.KEGG pathways related to carcinogenesis,cell proliferation and metabolism,and oxidative stress.WFC promoted FGPs organoids'death and could be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor of Erastin.The q RT-PCR results showed that WFC treatment could regulate the m RNA expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11,acyl-Co A synthetase long chain family member 4,and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase,type B.CONCLUSION:WFC may exert its therapeutic effects by inducing ferroptosis in FGPs cells.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(32102552 and 32172741).
文摘Background Lactate is a classical byproduct of glucose metabolism,and the main lactate production pathway depends on glycolysis.Lactate stabilized HIF1αby inhibiting PHD activity,leading to hypoxic stress response and exacerbating glycolysis in multiple tissues.However,the redox induction mechanism of lactate in mammary gland has not been understood yet.Herein,we describe a lactate-responsive HIF1α/circadian control mechanism in oxidative stress in the mammary glands of dairy cows.Results The in vivo study showed that dairy cows with high lactate concentrations are associated with reduced milk yield and more ROS accumulation in mammary gland.Western blot results in MAC-T cells showed positive correlation between lactate concentrations,expression of HIF1αand oxidative stress indicators,but not circadian core components.To test how lactate-mediated HIF1αdysfunction leads to cell protection process,we investigated altered expression of circadian core related genes following HIF1αstabilization.We found that stabilized HIF1αby lactate inhibited stimulated expression of circadian core components due to the similarity of HRE and E-box transcription elements.Furthermore,we found that lactate treatment strengthened the binding of HIF1αwith BMAL1,HMOX1 and FOXO3 in MAC-T cells.Moreover,HIF1αknockdown altered expression of circadian rhythm related genes and reduced oxidative stress state.Conclusion In summary,our study highlights the central role of competitive transcriptional element occupancy in lactate-mediated oxidative stress of mammary gland,which is caused by HIF1αstabilization and circadian rhythm dysfunction.Our findings introduce a novel nutritional strategy with potential applications in dairy farming for optimizing milk production and maintaining mammary gland health.
基金Innovation 2030-Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2022ZD04014)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C04017).
文摘Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270458,32070411,2023A1515010657)State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects(SKLSGB-ORP202209)。
文摘The domesticated silkworm(Bombyx mori)has evolved a highly efficient nitrogen utilization system to support silk production.The silk glands play a pleiotropic role in sequestering nitrogen resources for silk synthesis,mitigating aminoacidemia by assimilating free amino acids,and reallocating nitrogen during metamorphosis through programmed cell death.However,the specific functions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in this process remain unclear.Using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing,mutations were generated in glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate synthetase(GOGAT),asparagine synthetase(AS),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1(GOT1).Disruption of GS,GOGAT,and AS consistently reduced silkworm cocoon and pupal weight and significantly down-regulated silk protein gene transcription,whereas GOT1 mutation had no such effect.GOGAT mutants exhibited abnormally enlarged silk glands,whereas GS and AS mutants showed delayed programmed cell death in the silk glands.In contrast,GOT1 mutants displayed normal silk gland morphology but were consistently smaller.Disruption of GS,GOGAT,and AS led to more extensive transcriptional changes,including altered expression of transcription factors in the silk glands,compared with GOT1 mutants.Both GS and GOGAT mutants exhibited up-regulation of AS and GDH,while only GOGAT mutants displayed elevated AS enzymatic activity,suggesting that GOGAT may compete with AS for glutamine in the silk glands to support silk protein synthesis.AS mutants showed significantly elevated GOT activity and up-regulation of several metabolic pathways,indicating that AS may functionally interact with GOT in regulating both silk gland development and programmed cell death during metamorphosis.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Innovation Tackling Project of Wenzhou(No.ZF2022008)the Zhejiang Agricultural Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.2024SNJF073)+3 种基金the Public Welfare Research Project of Ningbo(No.2023S114)the Earmarked Fund for CARS(No.CARS-48)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project of Ningbo City(No.2023QL038)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘The mud crab(Scylla paramamosain)has been successfully cultivated in chloride-type low-salinity alkaline waters,yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to this environment remain elusive.This study seeks to uncover the adaptation mechanisms of the antennal gland of mud crab under acute chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water stress.Three-hundred crabs were randomly selected and divided into two groups:the low salinity(LS,salinity of 2.2)group and the control group(CK,salinity of 23.4).Following a 120-h experimental period,the antennal glands were sampled for transcriptomic analysis.Experimental results show that acute chloride-type low-salinity saline-alkaline water stress led to a significant decline in the survivorship of mud crab.Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,we identified 923 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),among which 272 were upregulated and 651 were downregulated.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of these DEGs are closely linked to functions such as energy metabolism and osmoregulation.Notably,the pathways involving oxidoreductase activity,oxidative phosphorylation,symporter activity,and intracellular calcium-activated chloride channels were significantly enriched,highlighting their pivotal roles in enhancing the osmoregulatory capacity of mud crab and maintaining internal homeostasis in chloride-type low-salinity alkaline environments.Additionally,the upregulation of genes such as SLC6A9,SLC6A4,and FH further facilitated transmembrane ion transport and energy metabolism,thereby reinforcing intracellular isosmotic regulation.However,these controls also pose a potential risk of oxidative stress.Therefore,the antennal gland plays a crucial role in the response of mud crab to acute chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water stress.This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of mud crab and lays a theoretical foundation for enhancing chloride-type low-salinity alkaline water aquaculture techniques.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2410203)Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical medicine Development of Special Funding Support(No.ZLRK202503).
文摘Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland(LGACC)is the most common type of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland,which is characterized by a high recurrence rate,perineural invasion,and a propensity to metastasize to distant sites.Due to its unclear pathogenesis,LGACC has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate.In recent years,a range of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been clinically applied,leading to a shift in the treatment approach for LGACC.This article discussed the advances being made in the treatment of LGACC and provides readers with an overview of the impact of LGACC treatment modalities on patient survival and prognostic levels.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Zhejiang Province(No.LGD22H120002).
文摘AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.
基金The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey 1001 program,Grant/Award Number:SBAG-215S926。
文摘Adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)mutations are the most frequently identified genetic alteration in sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC)cases,and a myriad of genetically engineered Apc-mutant CRC mouse models have been developed using various genetic manipulation techniques.The advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering and facilitated the development of new genetically engineered mouse models.In this study,we aimed to develop a novel Apc knockout allele using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate the phenotypic effects of this new allele in two different mouse strains.For this purpose,exon 16 of mouse Apc gene was targeted with a single-guide RNA,and the mouse carrying an Apc frameshift mutation at codon 750(^(Δ750))was chosen as the founder.The mutant FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mice were backcrossed with wild-type C57BL/6 mice,and the phenotypic effects of the knockout allele were evaluated in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750),F4-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),and F1-B6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)by a macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gastrointestinal system.The result showed that the mean polyp number was significantly higher in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)than in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Intestinal polyposis was more prominent in F4-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750),whereas a higher number of colon polyps than intestinal polyps were observed in F8-FVB-Apc^(Δ750).Additionally,F1-BL6;FVB-Apc^(Δ750)mixed background mice developed gastric polyps that morphologically resembled the pyloric gland adenoma of humans.In conclusion,we developed a novel CRISPR-mediated Apc knockout allele using two mouse strains.We showed that this allele can exert a strainspecific effect on the phenotype of mice and can cause gastric polyp formation.
文摘Correspondence to:Satoru Kase.Department of Ophthalmology,Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine,Hokkaido University,N-15,W-7,Kita-ku,Sapporo 060-8638,Japan.kaseron@med.hokudai.ac.jp AIM:To evaluate the clinical features of primary lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma(LGPA).METHODS:This was a 2-center,retrospective,observational study of primary LGPA patients who underwent tumor resection.Ophthalmic examinations and orbital computed tomography(CT)and/or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were performed.RESULTS:Totally 18 patients(10 males and 8 females,mean age 56.3±13.8y)were enrolled.Initial symptoms were unilateral proptosis in 8 patients,diplopia in 3 patients,and pressure sensation and no chief complaint in 2 patients each.The best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye was 0.26±0.44 logMAR,and the intraocular pressure(IOP)of the affected and healthy eyes was 20.1±9.9 and 15.8±4.3 mm Hg,respectively.The difference in degree of proptosis between the affected and healthy eyes was 4.1±2.2 mm based on the Hertel ocular protrusion meter.One case had a history of breast cancer.Seventeen of 18 patients with an orbital lacrimal gland origin underwent total tumor excision by anterior/lateral orbitotomy.CONCLUSION:Orbital LGPA can complicate IOP elevation,and require total tumor excision by orbitotomy.In rare cases,systemic malignancy may complicate LGPA,and in such cases total removal of the lacrimal gland tumor should be considered at the initial surgery.
基金Supported by Topcon Corporation and Santen Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.
文摘AIM:To evaluate parameters measured using the tear film imager(TFI)prototype,a new technology that enables to quantify the tear film thickness of lipid and mucoaqueous layers.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,patients with dry eye,meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),and non-dry eye/MGD from February 2020 to January 2021 were analyzed.Quantified TFI outputs included lipid layer thickness(LLT),mucoaqueous layer thickness(MALT),MALT rate of change(MALTR),and lipid breakup time.Two other interferometry devices,LipiView2 and DR-1α,were used for comparison.TFI outputs and other clinical parameters were analyzed using correlation coefficients.Each patient underwent one or several study visits.Baseline values of three device outputs,other clinical parameters,and their changes were examined.RESULTS:This study involved 28 patients(8 patients with dry eyes,13 with MGD,and 7 with non-dry eye/MGD).Baseline TFI,LipiView2,and DR-1αvalues were associated with various clinical parameters.The LLT values estimated using TFI had a correlation with the plugging score in the upper eyelid(r=−0.42).Several TFI values have correlated better than LipiView2 and DR-1α,particularly with questionnaire scores.MALTR by TFI revealed a correlation between standardized patient evaluation on eye dryness(SPEED)and dry eye-related quality of life score(DEQS)scores(r=0.59,0.43),respectively.CONCLUSION:TFI enabled to quantify the LLT and MALT separately over time and shows the moderate correlations between TFI measurements and clinical parameters,which yields the potential for TFI to serve as a complementary tool for assessing dry eye and MGD.
文摘BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the Bartholin’s gland represents an exceptionally rare malignancy with limited documented cases in the medical literature.It typically manifests as a solid mass that clinically warrants suspicion for neoplastic processes.CASE SUMMARY This case series details two cases of primary ACC cases involving the Bartholin’s gland treated with radical surgical resection of the vaginal lesions.Notably,divergent therapeutic approaches resulted in contrasting prognoses:The patient receiving adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery maintained disease-free status with no locoregional recurrence or metastatic progression through 58 months of surveillance.Conversely,the non-radiated patient experienced disease recurrence within 18 months postoperatively.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that postoperative radiation therapy may significantly decrease local recurrence rates in Bartholin’s gland ACC,potentially influencing long-term disease control.This comparative outcome analysis underscores the importance of integrating adjuvant radiotherapy integration into treatment protocols for this rare malignancy.
基金Bayan Nur Science and Technology Plan Project(Project No.:K202148)。
文摘Objective:This study primarily focuses on analyzing the inductive effects of emotional disturbances on the malignant transformation process of mammary gland epithelial cells.Methods:A total of 42 patients with malignant transformation of mammary gland epithelial cells(breast cancer,observation group)and 42 patients without malignant transformation of mammary gland epithelial cells(non-breast tumors,control group)were selected as research subjects.The earliest consultation time was January 2022,and the latest was January 2024.The extent of psychological stress impact on these patients was compared.Results:Compared with the control group,the observation group experienced a higher frequency and intensity(LEU value)of adverse life events,with P<0.05.The intensity of adverse life events in the observation group,except for mild events,was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In terms of the content distribution of adverse life events,the proportion of marital and family problems in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The negative coping score and positive coping score in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).Regarding social support,the objective support score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:During the malignant transformation process of mammary gland epithelial cells,long-term emotional disturbances have a significant impact,indicating a close relationship between psychological stress and the occurrence of breast cancer.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2410203)Beijing Hospitals Authority’Ascent Plan(No.DFL20190201)+1 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(No.ZLRK202503)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.7222025).
文摘AIM:To examine carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma(CXPA)and its development to provide information for its clinical assessment and prognosis.METHODS:The clinical data of 26 patients with pathologically diagnosed CXPA were included for analysis.The patients’medical histories and data(e.g.,gender,age,eye laterality,clinical manifestations,pathologic and immunohistochemical indices,treatments,and prognosis)were recorded.RESULTS:The average age of the 26 patients was 59.6±15.7y.There was no significant difference in the gender distribution.The incidence of CXPA bone destruction was approximately 57.7%,and the incidence of optic nerve involvement and extraocular muscle involvement was approximately 15.4%and 19.2%,respectively.The most common pathological type was adenocarcinoma(34.6%),followed by ductal carcinoma(26.9%).Five patients had recurrence or metastasis(19.2%).The 5-year recurrencefree survival rate was 59.0%.There were no significant differences in survival rates among patients with different pathologic types and stages(P>0.05).Bone destruction,nerve invasion,and peripheral tissue invasion did not significantly affect survival rate(P>0.05).Surgery combined with 125I radiation therapy leads to a better survival prognosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CXPA has a variety of pathologic classifications,with characteristics of bone destruction and peripheral tissue invasion.Surgery combined with ^(125)I endoradiotherapy is a preferable treatment option.However,long-term follow-up and close observation for recurrence or metastasis should be performed.
