Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can ...Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can be overlooked or confused with other pathologies. Treatment remains controversial. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of urethral mucosal prolapse in young girls in our department. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study on urethral mucosal prolapse in little girls identified from the hospitalization records of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry. The study period was 5 years. Patients were selected randomly. Outcome assessment focused on the occurrence of recurrences and urinary incontinence. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The parameters studied were: Age, clinical and histological findings, therapeutic data and patient outcomes. Results: The incidence of urethral mucosal prolapse in girls in the urology department was 2.2 cases/year. The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years (with extremes of 5 months and 10 years). The age group of 7 to 10 years was the most represented, observed in 63.63% of patients. The most frequent reason for consultation was vulvar bleeding in 7 patients, or 63.63%. Malpighian hyperplasia with a congested chorion was the most observed histological type, in 4 patients. Surgical treatment consisting of complete excision of the prolapsed part had given excellent results. Conclusion: Urethral prolapse is a rare pathology, observed mainly in young black girls. Its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination. Surgical treatment gives satisfactory results, both clinically and aesthetically.展开更多
“Go!Faster!”“Pass the ball!”Echoes of encouragement ring across the football field at Yisa Primary School,nestled high in the mountains of Butuo County in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,southwest China’s Sich...“Go!Faster!”“Pass the ball!”Echoes of encouragement ring across the football field at Yisa Primary School,nestled high in the mountains of Butuo County in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,southwest China’s Sichuan Province.Against a backdrop of cloudwrapped peaks,girls in jerseys dart across the turf with infectious energy.展开更多
Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly ...Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.展开更多
The term“Black Girl Magic”has slipped into our literary vocabulary.The term refers to Black female characters in literary works by writers such as Toni Morrison and Alice Walker who challenge the dehumanizing elemen...The term“Black Girl Magic”has slipped into our literary vocabulary.The term refers to Black female characters in literary works by writers such as Toni Morrison and Alice Walker who challenge the dehumanizing elements of Black female existence.Can white writers create Black Girl Magic?This essay suggest that they can,offering as examples Eliza Harris in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Dilsey Gibson in William Faulkner’s 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury.展开更多
The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai为张爱玲译作之沧海遗珠,此译本凝结了张氏数十年翻译之功。后经孔慧怡整理,张、孔二人合译之The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai始由美国哥伦比亚大学出版社出版。从译者使用的翻译策略,即归化、异化并...The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai为张爱玲译作之沧海遗珠,此译本凝结了张氏数十年翻译之功。后经孔慧怡整理,张、孔二人合译之The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai始由美国哥伦比亚大学出版社出版。从译者使用的翻译策略,即归化、异化并举之策略和对超文本的有效使用两方面评析这部合译之作可以发现,The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai再现了原文平淡而又近自然的风格。展开更多
F.Scott.Fitzgerald was a well known American writer in the 1920s.He worte some works which represented the characteristics of the 1920s America and he was considered as the spokesman for that time period,the Jazz Age....F.Scott.Fitzgerald was a well known American writer in the 1920s.He worte some works which represented the characteristics of the 1920s America and he was considered as the spokesman for that time period,the Jazz Age..His masterpiece was The Great Gatsby.The novel fully reveals the life and people of the Jazz age,showing the epicurean,indulging,and immoral ethos of the whole American society and people's fasicination about wealth and enjoyment,looking down upon and deserting the traditional faiths and values.This article discusses F.Scott.Fitzgerald and his protagists' fascination about rich girls in his two novels The Great Gatsby and "Winter Dreams" from the life and love stories of the author and his protagonists,men's love ideal under the influence of American dream and the Jzaa Age,several characteristivs of love itself.Through this article,we may see the influence of the social faith and social ethos on individual's love ideal,and the beautiful and wordly aspects about love.展开更多
移就修辞格意指甲事物的修饰词移用于修饰乙事物,这种表达往往能达到言简义丰、生动形象、出人意料的效果。但英语移就修辞的语境逻辑并不符合汉语的常规逻辑,如何再现英语移就修辞的原语境逻辑是一大难题。本文以美国当代知名作家卡伦&...移就修辞格意指甲事物的修饰词移用于修饰乙事物,这种表达往往能达到言简义丰、生动形象、出人意料的效果。但英语移就修辞的语境逻辑并不符合汉语的常规逻辑,如何再现英语移就修辞的原语境逻辑是一大难题。本文以美国当代知名作家卡伦·罗素的短篇小说The Bog Girl出现的移就修辞为例,从关联理论视角探讨在间接翻译策略指导下采用增译、减译、分译等方法,解决移就修辞格的翻译问题。展开更多
"Bill's Little Girl " is a prose. This article analysis's its stylistic features of language in the aspects of lexical. While analysis, we can further appreciate its plain and simple language, its na..."Bill's Little Girl " is a prose. This article analysis's its stylistic features of language in the aspects of lexical. While analysis, we can further appreciate its plain and simple language, its natural and fluent manner of writing and its complete discourse, meanwhile we can deeply understand that love is great, father's love is great.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association of estrogen receptor alpha （ER-c0 PvulI polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone development in Chinese pubertal girls, and to study the importance of ...Objective To investigate the association of estrogen receptor alpha （ER-c0 PvulI polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone development in Chinese pubertal girls, and to study the importance of calcium supplementation by maximizing the peak bone mass at their pubertal stage for bone development and osteoporosis prevention and the role of estrogen in regulating bone mass. Methods Ninety-four pubertal girls were recruited in the study and divided into two groups and three sub-groups according to the ER-α PvulI polymorphisms. One year before and after calcium supplementation, bone mineral density （BMD） was measured by DEXA, while BGP, BAP, TRACP5b, and 25-OH-VitD3, as well as estrogen were detected by ELISA. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the effect of ER-ct polymorphisms on bone development. Results The absolute increase and percentage change of BGP were significantly higher in the supplemented group than in the control group （P〈0.05）. In the intervened group, The increase and percentage change of the total body and radio distal 1/3 BMD were higher in PP than in PP genotype （P〈0.05）, and the increase of BAP in Pp was also higher than PP in the same group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion PP genotype shows a better response to calcium supplementation than the other Pvull polymorphisms.展开更多
Health related physical fitness (HRPF) is considered to be an indirect marker of a person’s health and wellbeing, reflecting the interplay and integration of many persons’ systems and body functions. Purpose: To inv...Health related physical fitness (HRPF) is considered to be an indirect marker of a person’s health and wellbeing, reflecting the interplay and integration of many persons’ systems and body functions. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and HRPF in a national cross-sectional sample of Saudi girls and adolescents. Methods: Weight, height and four components of HRPF (body fat composition, strength and endurance, flexibility and cardio-respiratory fitness) were measured in three age groups [(8 - 10), (11 - 12) and (13 - 15) years]. Pearson correlation coefficient and regressions analysis using a non-linear quadratic model were used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and HRPF in three age groups. Results: The results revealed variable relationships among tests. Lower scores in body fat composition and cardio-respiratory fitness were associated with higher body mass indexes in each age group. Also lower scores in muscle strength and endurance were recorded in girls aged from 11 to 15 years. Relationships between BMI and flexibility differed among age groups. Conclusion: BMI significantly and differentially influenced individual HRPF, but effects varied with age. Higher body mass indexes were generally associated with lower HRPF. The level of HRPF determined by this study may serve as an indicator of potential health risks that overweight and obese children girls and adolescents faced.展开更多
Objective This paper aims to study the relationship between body fat and sexual development in Chinese girls with different waist circumference.Methods Six thousand one hundred and fifty six girls aged 6-19 were sampl...Objective This paper aims to study the relationship between body fat and sexual development in Chinese girls with different waist circumference.Methods Six thousand one hundred and fifty six girls aged 6-19 were sampled.Their body weight,height,waist circumference,percentage of body fat and secondary sex characteristics were measured.All the subjects were divided into three groups：low class waist circumference,moderate class waist circumference and high class waist circumference.The menarche percentages were analyzed by using the status method.The menarche ages were analyzed by using the retrospective method.Estimates for mean age at entry into a pubertal stage and menarche were calculated by a probit analysis.Results The incidences of moderate class and high class waist circumstance were 20.94% and 25.27%,respectively.The sexual development of the former was earlier than that of the latter.The percentages of the menarche were detected as high classmoderate classlow class.The menarche ages were expressed as high classmoderate classlow class.Conclusion A close association is found between the waist circumference and sexual development,especially the menarche age.Girls with high class waist circumference are more vulnerable to earlier menarche and excess body fat.It is important to control the occurrence of central obesity through monitoring the change of waist circumference in puberty for girls＇ health.展开更多
The article aims at exploring by the way of a traditional approach—Historical-Biographical the agony confronted by early Chinese immigrants in America based on the novel Shanghai Girls.Early Chinese Americans encount...The article aims at exploring by the way of a traditional approach—Historical-Biographical the agony confronted by early Chinese immigrants in America based on the novel Shanghai Girls.Early Chinese Americans encountered numerous pains:hardship in their work,discrimination in their lives,and the threat of deportation from the host government.Generally,the sufferings of theirs derive from three sources,namely,their powerless homeland,the hostility of the white and their low education status.Due to the poverty and powerless their homeland,both the sisters encountered countless insults.展开更多
Background:Lately,physical activity(PA) in young girls has been frequently discussed,thus we were interested to examine whether a mental training intervention can increase the level of PA in young girls.Methods:A samp...Background:Lately,physical activity(PA) in young girls has been frequently discussed,thus we were interested to examine whether a mental training intervention can increase the level of PA in young girls.Methods:A sample of 56 girls aged 15.4 ± 0.3 years(mean ± SD) was assigned to either the intervention or control group.We then conducted a6-week mental imagery training program on young female participants.PA was evaluated with objective accelerometer monitors.Physical self-concept was also assessed in all participants.Results:Young females' PA increased after a course of mental training compared to female participants in control group.Furthermore,physical self-concept improved related to mental training program.Conclusion:Exercise imagery may be an effective method of PA increase besides psychological enhancement in young girls.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the age at menarche, pubarche and telarche in a representative sample of residents of an urban zone of Leon, Guanajuato, Central Mexico and to evaluate the secular change of the age at menarc...Objective: To investigate the age at menarche, pubarche and telarche in a representative sample of residents of an urban zone of Leon, Guanajuato, Central Mexico and to evaluate the secular change of the age at menarche between 1985 and 2000. Methods: Using status quo and retrospective methods, menarcheal, pubarcheal and telarcheal status of girls 8 - 17 years of age (n = 1093) were determined. Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression were used to determine factors that were related to or predictive of age at menarche. Results: Median ages for menarche, pubarche and telarche in our studied sample were: 11.9 ± 0.04;11.13 ± 1.25 and 10.84 ± 1.34 years, respectively. A direct correlation was found between the age of menarche of adolescents and that of their mother (p p p = 0.001), but an indirect correlation was found with the girls’ hip circumference (p = 0.004). We demonstrated a clear secular tendency towards an earlier onset of menarche by comparing our results (11.9 ± 0.04) with data from 1985 (12.8 ± 1.3) for adolescents from the same city. Conclusion: We demonstrated a clear reduction in age at menarche of approximately 0.75 year/decade, higher than Tanner’s finding in 1962, but similar than that of Malina et al. in 2004.展开更多
Background: Menarche is the first menstrual period of a girl at puberty. The timing of menarche is significant for health in future life. Saudi Arabia has developed immensely over the last three decades as evidenced b...Background: Menarche is the first menstrual period of a girl at puberty. The timing of menarche is significant for health in future life. Saudi Arabia has developed immensely over the last three decades as evidenced by the economic and health sectors throughout all parts of the vast Kingdom. The current study measured the menarche age of school adolescents Girls in Saudi Arabia and explored environmental factors that could impact the onset of menarche. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1486 healthy Saudi school adolescents’ girls between 10 - 19 years old. The data were collected in 2016 using self-administered questionnaires. Health status, dietary intake, physical activities and parent’s education were recorded along with other environmental factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.1. Results: Out of 1486, 767 girls (51.6%) had experienced menarche with a mean age of 12.46 ± 1.57;681 girls (45.8%) had experienced menarche at age of 13 - 15;38 girls (2.6%) had experienced menarche at age of 16. A significant association between menarche and social factors was detected. Besides, the study discovered a significant association between menarche and the lifestyle of the studied groups.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can be overlooked or confused with other pathologies. Treatment remains controversial. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of urethral mucosal prolapse in young girls in our department. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study on urethral mucosal prolapse in little girls identified from the hospitalization records of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry. The study period was 5 years. Patients were selected randomly. Outcome assessment focused on the occurrence of recurrences and urinary incontinence. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The parameters studied were: Age, clinical and histological findings, therapeutic data and patient outcomes. Results: The incidence of urethral mucosal prolapse in girls in the urology department was 2.2 cases/year. The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years (with extremes of 5 months and 10 years). The age group of 7 to 10 years was the most represented, observed in 63.63% of patients. The most frequent reason for consultation was vulvar bleeding in 7 patients, or 63.63%. Malpighian hyperplasia with a congested chorion was the most observed histological type, in 4 patients. Surgical treatment consisting of complete excision of the prolapsed part had given excellent results. Conclusion: Urethral prolapse is a rare pathology, observed mainly in young black girls. Its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination. Surgical treatment gives satisfactory results, both clinically and aesthetically.
文摘“Go!Faster!”“Pass the ball!”Echoes of encouragement ring across the football field at Yisa Primary School,nestled high in the mountains of Butuo County in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,southwest China’s Sichuan Province.Against a backdrop of cloudwrapped peaks,girls in jerseys dart across the turf with infectious energy.
基金the Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health,University of Washington,Seattle,USA(Grant No:UW/GWACh/RSA/2023-01)。
文摘Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
文摘The term“Black Girl Magic”has slipped into our literary vocabulary.The term refers to Black female characters in literary works by writers such as Toni Morrison and Alice Walker who challenge the dehumanizing elements of Black female existence.Can white writers create Black Girl Magic?This essay suggest that they can,offering as examples Eliza Harris in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Dilsey Gibson in William Faulkner’s 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury.
文摘The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai为张爱玲译作之沧海遗珠,此译本凝结了张氏数十年翻译之功。后经孔慧怡整理,张、孔二人合译之The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai始由美国哥伦比亚大学出版社出版。从译者使用的翻译策略,即归化、异化并举之策略和对超文本的有效使用两方面评析这部合译之作可以发现,The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai再现了原文平淡而又近自然的风格。
文摘F.Scott.Fitzgerald was a well known American writer in the 1920s.He worte some works which represented the characteristics of the 1920s America and he was considered as the spokesman for that time period,the Jazz Age..His masterpiece was The Great Gatsby.The novel fully reveals the life and people of the Jazz age,showing the epicurean,indulging,and immoral ethos of the whole American society and people's fasicination about wealth and enjoyment,looking down upon and deserting the traditional faiths and values.This article discusses F.Scott.Fitzgerald and his protagists' fascination about rich girls in his two novels The Great Gatsby and "Winter Dreams" from the life and love stories of the author and his protagonists,men's love ideal under the influence of American dream and the Jzaa Age,several characteristivs of love itself.Through this article,we may see the influence of the social faith and social ethos on individual's love ideal,and the beautiful and wordly aspects about love.
文摘移就修辞格意指甲事物的修饰词移用于修饰乙事物,这种表达往往能达到言简义丰、生动形象、出人意料的效果。但英语移就修辞的语境逻辑并不符合汉语的常规逻辑,如何再现英语移就修辞的原语境逻辑是一大难题。本文以美国当代知名作家卡伦·罗素的短篇小说The Bog Girl出现的移就修辞为例,从关联理论视角探讨在间接翻译策略指导下采用增译、减译、分译等方法,解决移就修辞格的翻译问题。
文摘"Bill's Little Girl " is a prose. This article analysis's its stylistic features of language in the aspects of lexical. While analysis, we can further appreciate its plain and simple language, its natural and fluent manner of writing and its complete discourse, meanwhile we can deeply understand that love is great, father's love is great.
基金supported by the Nutrition Research Funding of the Chinese Nutrition Society 2004
文摘Objective To investigate the association of estrogen receptor alpha （ER-c0 PvulI polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone development in Chinese pubertal girls, and to study the importance of calcium supplementation by maximizing the peak bone mass at their pubertal stage for bone development and osteoporosis prevention and the role of estrogen in regulating bone mass. Methods Ninety-four pubertal girls were recruited in the study and divided into two groups and three sub-groups according to the ER-α PvulI polymorphisms. One year before and after calcium supplementation, bone mineral density （BMD） was measured by DEXA, while BGP, BAP, TRACP5b, and 25-OH-VitD3, as well as estrogen were detected by ELISA. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the effect of ER-ct polymorphisms on bone development. Results The absolute increase and percentage change of BGP were significantly higher in the supplemented group than in the control group （P〈0.05）. In the intervened group, The increase and percentage change of the total body and radio distal 1/3 BMD were higher in PP than in PP genotype （P〈0.05）, and the increase of BAP in Pp was also higher than PP in the same group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion PP genotype shows a better response to calcium supplementation than the other Pvull polymorphisms.
文摘Health related physical fitness (HRPF) is considered to be an indirect marker of a person’s health and wellbeing, reflecting the interplay and integration of many persons’ systems and body functions. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and HRPF in a national cross-sectional sample of Saudi girls and adolescents. Methods: Weight, height and four components of HRPF (body fat composition, strength and endurance, flexibility and cardio-respiratory fitness) were measured in three age groups [(8 - 10), (11 - 12) and (13 - 15) years]. Pearson correlation coefficient and regressions analysis using a non-linear quadratic model were used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and HRPF in three age groups. Results: The results revealed variable relationships among tests. Lower scores in body fat composition and cardio-respiratory fitness were associated with higher body mass indexes in each age group. Also lower scores in muscle strength and endurance were recorded in girls aged from 11 to 15 years. Relationships between BMI and flexibility differed among age groups. Conclusion: BMI significantly and differentially influenced individual HRPF, but effects varied with age. Higher body mass indexes were generally associated with lower HRPF. The level of HRPF determined by this study may serve as an indicator of potential health risks that overweight and obese children girls and adolescents faced.
基金supported by the Research Fund from the Natural Science Foundation of China (30972495)
文摘Objective This paper aims to study the relationship between body fat and sexual development in Chinese girls with different waist circumference.Methods Six thousand one hundred and fifty six girls aged 6-19 were sampled.Their body weight,height,waist circumference,percentage of body fat and secondary sex characteristics were measured.All the subjects were divided into three groups：low class waist circumference,moderate class waist circumference and high class waist circumference.The menarche percentages were analyzed by using the status method.The menarche ages were analyzed by using the retrospective method.Estimates for mean age at entry into a pubertal stage and menarche were calculated by a probit analysis.Results The incidences of moderate class and high class waist circumstance were 20.94% and 25.27%,respectively.The sexual development of the former was earlier than that of the latter.The percentages of the menarche were detected as high classmoderate classlow class.The menarche ages were expressed as high classmoderate classlow class.Conclusion A close association is found between the waist circumference and sexual development,especially the menarche age.Girls with high class waist circumference are more vulnerable to earlier menarche and excess body fat.It is important to control the occurrence of central obesity through monitoring the change of waist circumference in puberty for girls＇ health.
文摘The article aims at exploring by the way of a traditional approach—Historical-Biographical the agony confronted by early Chinese immigrants in America based on the novel Shanghai Girls.Early Chinese Americans encountered numerous pains:hardship in their work,discrimination in their lives,and the threat of deportation from the host government.Generally,the sufferings of theirs derive from three sources,namely,their powerless homeland,the hostility of the white and their low education status.Due to the poverty and powerless their homeland,both the sisters encountered countless insults.
基金supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences&Health Services(NO.10183-53-04-88)
文摘Background:Lately,physical activity(PA) in young girls has been frequently discussed,thus we were interested to examine whether a mental training intervention can increase the level of PA in young girls.Methods:A sample of 56 girls aged 15.4 ± 0.3 years(mean ± SD) was assigned to either the intervention or control group.We then conducted a6-week mental imagery training program on young female participants.PA was evaluated with objective accelerometer monitors.Physical self-concept was also assessed in all participants.Results:Young females' PA increased after a course of mental training compared to female participants in control group.Furthermore,physical self-concept improved related to mental training program.Conclusion:Exercise imagery may be an effective method of PA increase besides psychological enhancement in young girls.
文摘Objective: To investigate the age at menarche, pubarche and telarche in a representative sample of residents of an urban zone of Leon, Guanajuato, Central Mexico and to evaluate the secular change of the age at menarche between 1985 and 2000. Methods: Using status quo and retrospective methods, menarcheal, pubarcheal and telarcheal status of girls 8 - 17 years of age (n = 1093) were determined. Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression were used to determine factors that were related to or predictive of age at menarche. Results: Median ages for menarche, pubarche and telarche in our studied sample were: 11.9 ± 0.04;11.13 ± 1.25 and 10.84 ± 1.34 years, respectively. A direct correlation was found between the age of menarche of adolescents and that of their mother (p p p = 0.001), but an indirect correlation was found with the girls’ hip circumference (p = 0.004). We demonstrated a clear secular tendency towards an earlier onset of menarche by comparing our results (11.9 ± 0.04) with data from 1985 (12.8 ± 1.3) for adolescents from the same city. Conclusion: We demonstrated a clear reduction in age at menarche of approximately 0.75 year/decade, higher than Tanner’s finding in 1962, but similar than that of Malina et al. in 2004.
文摘Background: Menarche is the first menstrual period of a girl at puberty. The timing of menarche is significant for health in future life. Saudi Arabia has developed immensely over the last three decades as evidenced by the economic and health sectors throughout all parts of the vast Kingdom. The current study measured the menarche age of school adolescents Girls in Saudi Arabia and explored environmental factors that could impact the onset of menarche. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1486 healthy Saudi school adolescents’ girls between 10 - 19 years old. The data were collected in 2016 using self-administered questionnaires. Health status, dietary intake, physical activities and parent’s education were recorded along with other environmental factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.1. Results: Out of 1486, 767 girls (51.6%) had experienced menarche with a mean age of 12.46 ± 1.57;681 girls (45.8%) had experienced menarche at age of 13 - 15;38 girls (2.6%) had experienced menarche at age of 16. A significant association between menarche and social factors was detected. Besides, the study discovered a significant association between menarche and the lifestyle of the studied groups.
