Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR) in liver transplantation has long been underestimated. The concept of the liver as an organ susceptible to AMR has emerged in recent years, not only in the context of the major histoco...Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR) in liver transplantation has long been underestimated. The concept of the liver as an organ susceptible to AMR has emerged in recent years, not only in the context of the major histocompatibility complex with the presence of HLA donor-specific antibodies, but also with antigens regarded as "minor", whose role in AMR has been demonstrated. Among them, antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 have been found in 100% of patients with de novo autoimmune hepatitis(dn AIH) when studied. In its latest update, the Banff Working Group for liver allograft pathology proposed replacing the term dn AIH with plasma cell(PC)-rich rejection. Antibodies to glutathione S-transferase T1(GSTT1) in null recipients of GSTT1 positive donors have been included as a contributory but nonessential feature of the diagnosis of PC-rich rejection. Also in this update, non-organ-specific anti-nuclear or smooth muscle autoantibodies are no longer included as diagnostic criteria. Although initially found in a proportion of patients with PC-rich rejection, the presence of autoantibodies is misleading since they are not diseasespecific and appear in many different contexts as bystanders. The cellular types and proportions of the inflammatory infiltrates in diagnostic biopsies have been studied in detail very recently. PC-rich rejection biopsies present a characteristic cellular profile with a predominance of T lymphocytes and a high proportion of PCs, close to 30%, of which 16.48% are Ig G4+. New data on the relevance of GSTT1-specific T lymphocytes to PC-rich rejection will be discussed in this review.展开更多
Virus prevention has been considered central to the fight against the COVID- 19 coronavirus pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus in public places, several measures have been taken, in particular respect for barr...Virus prevention has been considered central to the fight against the COVID- 19 coronavirus pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus in public places, several measures have been taken, in particular respect for barrier gestures. This work is part of this dynamic and sets up a new wireless version of an electronic and nominative queue manager using artificial intelligence for more equity, inclusion and solidarity. This system, named Gifa is developed in our laboratory. The first prototype, whose connections are largely provided by a wired system with an artisanal acquisition module, is difficult to deploy for general public use, especially in buildings already built. This article deals with an artificial intelligence queue management system, presenting more functionalities, whose access to the service is ensured in very large part by wireless exchanges with a modern acquisition module realized by 3D printing. The flexible and autonomous design of this device makes it particularly easy to deploy on premises open to the public without having to modify the existing installation for commissioning. The manager is equipped with a configuration terminal, and at the counters the call is made by a cashier also equipped with a tablet connected to the wifi network. Its display screen shows certain information relating to the identity of the customer such as his face, his order number, his first name and last name. This reduces the authentication time of the person at the checkout, queue bypasses for more fairness and less stress. This work has resulted in the improvement of queue management systems by giving them more flexibility to make them more adaptable in several types of environments and other contexts.展开更多
基金Supported by Andalusian government,Proyecto de Excelencia,No.CTS-7846Spanish Ministry of Economy,Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ,No.11/857 and No.17/1403
文摘Antibody-mediated rejection(AMR) in liver transplantation has long been underestimated. The concept of the liver as an organ susceptible to AMR has emerged in recent years, not only in the context of the major histocompatibility complex with the presence of HLA donor-specific antibodies, but also with antigens regarded as "minor", whose role in AMR has been demonstrated. Among them, antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 have been found in 100% of patients with de novo autoimmune hepatitis(dn AIH) when studied. In its latest update, the Banff Working Group for liver allograft pathology proposed replacing the term dn AIH with plasma cell(PC)-rich rejection. Antibodies to glutathione S-transferase T1(GSTT1) in null recipients of GSTT1 positive donors have been included as a contributory but nonessential feature of the diagnosis of PC-rich rejection. Also in this update, non-organ-specific anti-nuclear or smooth muscle autoantibodies are no longer included as diagnostic criteria. Although initially found in a proportion of patients with PC-rich rejection, the presence of autoantibodies is misleading since they are not diseasespecific and appear in many different contexts as bystanders. The cellular types and proportions of the inflammatory infiltrates in diagnostic biopsies have been studied in detail very recently. PC-rich rejection biopsies present a characteristic cellular profile with a predominance of T lymphocytes and a high proportion of PCs, close to 30%, of which 16.48% are Ig G4+. New data on the relevance of GSTT1-specific T lymphocytes to PC-rich rejection will be discussed in this review.
文摘Virus prevention has been considered central to the fight against the COVID- 19 coronavirus pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus in public places, several measures have been taken, in particular respect for barrier gestures. This work is part of this dynamic and sets up a new wireless version of an electronic and nominative queue manager using artificial intelligence for more equity, inclusion and solidarity. This system, named Gifa is developed in our laboratory. The first prototype, whose connections are largely provided by a wired system with an artisanal acquisition module, is difficult to deploy for general public use, especially in buildings already built. This article deals with an artificial intelligence queue management system, presenting more functionalities, whose access to the service is ensured in very large part by wireless exchanges with a modern acquisition module realized by 3D printing. The flexible and autonomous design of this device makes it particularly easy to deploy on premises open to the public without having to modify the existing installation for commissioning. The manager is equipped with a configuration terminal, and at the counters the call is made by a cashier also equipped with a tablet connected to the wifi network. Its display screen shows certain information relating to the identity of the customer such as his face, his order number, his first name and last name. This reduces the authentication time of the person at the checkout, queue bypasses for more fairness and less stress. This work has resulted in the improvement of queue management systems by giving them more flexibility to make them more adaptable in several types of environments and other contexts.
