Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was cond...Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.展开更多
Multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules(GGNs),a typical clinical manifestation of multiple primary lung cancers(MPLCs),are of great significance for the early screening,diagnosis,and accurate treatment of lung cancer....Multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules(GGNs),a typical clinical manifestation of multiple primary lung cancers(MPLCs),are of great significance for the early screening,diagnosis,and accurate treatment of lung cancer.Thus,the recent increase in the detection rate of multiple pulmonary GGNs has attracted much attention.However,compared with the more widely studied single GGNs,evaluating GGNs is more challenging because of the uncertainty of the etiology,difficult differential diagnosis,and lack of optimal management standards and guidelines.Most current solutions for multiple GGNs are based on the management experiences and principles of a single GGN.Therefore,it is necessary to obtain better understanding of multiple GGNs and to optimize the diagnostic methods and treatments.Both the existing challenges and potential of new methods for diagnosing and treating multiple pulmonary GGNs are reviewed and discussed in this article,with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical management of this highly prevalent condition.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the association of GGN repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)with ovarian reserve and ovarian response in controlled ovarian stimulation(COS).Methods This genetic association study was conducted among a total of 361 women aged≤40 years with basal FSH≤12 U/L undergoing the GnRH-agonist long protocol for COS in a university affiliated IVF center.GGN repeat in the AR gene was analyzed with Sanger sequencing.The primary endpoint was the number of antral follicle counts(AFCs),and the secondary endpoints were stimulation days,total dose of gonadotropin(Gn)used,total number of retrieved oocytes,ovarian sensitivity index,and follicular output rate.Results The GGN repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene ranged from 13 to 24,and the median repeat length was 22.Based on the genotypes(S for GGN repeats<22,L for GGN repeats≥22),the patients were divided into 3 groups:SS,SL,and LL.Generalized regression analysis indicated that the number of AFCs in group SS was significantly lower than those in group SL(adjusted β=1.8,95%CI:0.2-3.4,P=0.024)and group LL(adjusted β=1.5,95%CI:0.2-2.7,P=0.021).No significant difference was observed in the number of AFCs between group SL and group LL(P>0.05).Generalized regression analysis indicated no significant differences in ovarian stimulation parameters among the 3 groups,either before or after adjusting for confounding factors(P>0.05).Conclusion GGN repeat length on the AR gene is associated with AFC but not with ovarian response in Chinese women,indicating that AR gene polymorphisms may affect ovarian reserve.
文摘Multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules(GGNs),a typical clinical manifestation of multiple primary lung cancers(MPLCs),are of great significance for the early screening,diagnosis,and accurate treatment of lung cancer.Thus,the recent increase in the detection rate of multiple pulmonary GGNs has attracted much attention.However,compared with the more widely studied single GGNs,evaluating GGNs is more challenging because of the uncertainty of the etiology,difficult differential diagnosis,and lack of optimal management standards and guidelines.Most current solutions for multiple GGNs are based on the management experiences and principles of a single GGN.Therefore,it is necessary to obtain better understanding of multiple GGNs and to optimize the diagnostic methods and treatments.Both the existing challenges and potential of new methods for diagnosing and treating multiple pulmonary GGNs are reviewed and discussed in this article,with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical management of this highly prevalent condition.
