This study analyzes the stability and reactive characteristics of the hybrid offshore wind farm that includes gridforming(GFM)and grid-following(GFL)wind turbines(WTs)integrated with a diode rectifier unit(DRU)based h...This study analyzes the stability and reactive characteristics of the hybrid offshore wind farm that includes gridforming(GFM)and grid-following(GFL)wind turbines(WTs)integrated with a diode rectifier unit(DRU)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system.The determination method for the proportion of GFM WTs is proposed while considering system stability and optimal offshore reactive power constraints.First,the small-signal stability is studied based on the developed linear model,and crucial factors that affect the stability are captured by eigenvalue analysis.The reactive power-frequency compensation control of GFM WTs is then proposed to improve the reactive power and frequency dynamics.Second,the relationship between offshore reactive power imbalance and the effectiveness of GFM capability is analyzed.Offshore reactive power optimization methods are next proposed to diminish offshore reactive load.These methods include the optimal design for the reactive capacity of the AC filter and the reactive power compensation control of GFL WTs.Third,in terms of stability and optimal offshore reactive power constraints,the principle and calculation method for determining the proportion of GFM WTs are proposed,and the critical proportion of GFM WTs is determined over the full active power range.Finally,case studies using a detailed model are conducted by timedomain simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulations verify the theoretical analysis results and the effectiveness of the proposed determination method for the proportion of GFM WTs and reactive power optimization methods.展开更多
基于涉网变流器开展电能质量问题治理可以有效利用变流器的剩余容量,提高治理效益,但其往往只考虑跟网型(grid-following,GFL)控制,未能充分发挥多种类变流器的调控潜力。文中基于GFL和构网型(grid-forming,GFM)涉网变流器并联系统,提...基于涉网变流器开展电能质量问题治理可以有效利用变流器的剩余容量,提高治理效益,但其往往只考虑跟网型(grid-following,GFL)控制,未能充分发挥多种类变流器的调控潜力。文中基于GFL和构网型(grid-forming,GFM)涉网变流器并联系统,提出谐波补偿、电压跌落抑制等协同控制策略。首先,介绍涉网变流器的基本控制原理及数学模型。其次,针对并联系统公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)的谐波补偿问题,提出谐波分次补偿方法,增强谐波补偿的灵活性,实现谐波电流在不同容量变流单元间的合理分摊。针对PCC电压跌落问题,将并联系统状态总结为正常运行、仅GFL变流单元参与电压支撑、GFL和GFM变流单元共同支撑3种工况。经补偿容量计算和无功功率分配,PCC电压可始终保持在额定电压附近。最后,通过仿真验证所提策略的可行性与优越性。展开更多
To enable distributed PV to adapt to variations in power grid strength and achieve stable grid connection while enhancing operational flexibility,it is essential to configure grid-connected inverters with an integrate...To enable distributed PV to adapt to variations in power grid strength and achieve stable grid connection while enhancing operational flexibility,it is essential to configure grid-connected inverters with an integrated grid-following control mode,allowing smooth switching between GFL and GFM modes.First,impedance models of GFL and GFM PV energy storage VSG systems were established,and grid stability was analyzed.Second,an online impedance identification method based on voltage fluctuation data screening was proposed to enhance the accuracy of impedance identification.Additionally,a PV energy storage GFM/GFL VSG smooth switching method based on current inner loop compensation was introduced to achieve stable grid-connected operation of distributed photovoltaics under changes in strong and weak power grids.Finally,a grid stability analysis was conducted on the multi-machine parallel PV ESS,and a simulation model of a multi-machine parallel PV ESS based on current inner loop compensation was established for testing.Results showed that,compared to using a single GFM or single GFL control for the PV VSG system,the smooth switching method of multi-machine parallel PV ESS effectively suppresses system resonance under variations in power grid strength,enabling adaptive and stable grid-connected operations of distributed PV.展开更多
柔性直流输电已成为远距离、大容量新能源送出的友好解决方案。将构网控制技术应用于柔直换流器,可使其在适应弱电网接入的同时为电网提供有功与无功支撑。针对构网型柔直换流器在电网电压跌落工况下存在的过流风险,提出一种基于控制模...柔性直流输电已成为远距离、大容量新能源送出的友好解决方案。将构网控制技术应用于柔直换流器,可使其在适应弱电网接入的同时为电网提供有功与无功支撑。针对构网型柔直换流器在电网电压跌落工况下存在的过流风险,提出一种基于控制模式实时动态切换的故障限流方法。首先,设计了海上风电柔直送出系统受端换流器的构网控制策略;通过分析构网控制与跟网控制切换过程的动态特性,揭示两种控制模式切换扰动的产生机理,明确降低扰动需解决的关键问题,并提出相应的扰动抑制方法。最后,基于实时数字仿真器(Real-time digital simulation,RTDS)、工程用柔直控制保护装置与风机变流器构建硬件在环实验平台。实验结果表明,应用所提方法在电网电压跌落时可快速、可靠地限制故障电流,同时实现对电网提供无功支撑。展开更多
基金supported by the Research Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(No.030400KK52220008(GDKJXM20220327))。
文摘This study analyzes the stability and reactive characteristics of the hybrid offshore wind farm that includes gridforming(GFM)and grid-following(GFL)wind turbines(WTs)integrated with a diode rectifier unit(DRU)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system.The determination method for the proportion of GFM WTs is proposed while considering system stability and optimal offshore reactive power constraints.First,the small-signal stability is studied based on the developed linear model,and crucial factors that affect the stability are captured by eigenvalue analysis.The reactive power-frequency compensation control of GFM WTs is then proposed to improve the reactive power and frequency dynamics.Second,the relationship between offshore reactive power imbalance and the effectiveness of GFM capability is analyzed.Offshore reactive power optimization methods are next proposed to diminish offshore reactive load.These methods include the optimal design for the reactive capacity of the AC filter and the reactive power compensation control of GFL WTs.Third,in terms of stability and optimal offshore reactive power constraints,the principle and calculation method for determining the proportion of GFM WTs are proposed,and the critical proportion of GFM WTs is determined over the full active power range.Finally,case studies using a detailed model are conducted by timedomain simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC.The simulations verify the theoretical analysis results and the effectiveness of the proposed determination method for the proportion of GFM WTs and reactive power optimization methods.
文摘基于涉网变流器开展电能质量问题治理可以有效利用变流器的剩余容量,提高治理效益,但其往往只考虑跟网型(grid-following,GFL)控制,未能充分发挥多种类变流器的调控潜力。文中基于GFL和构网型(grid-forming,GFM)涉网变流器并联系统,提出谐波补偿、电压跌落抑制等协同控制策略。首先,介绍涉网变流器的基本控制原理及数学模型。其次,针对并联系统公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)的谐波补偿问题,提出谐波分次补偿方法,增强谐波补偿的灵活性,实现谐波电流在不同容量变流单元间的合理分摊。针对PCC电压跌落问题,将并联系统状态总结为正常运行、仅GFL变流单元参与电压支撑、GFL和GFM变流单元共同支撑3种工况。经补偿容量计算和无功功率分配,PCC电压可始终保持在额定电压附近。最后,通过仿真验证所提策略的可行性与优越性。
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Technology Project program(SQ2022YFB2400136).
文摘To enable distributed PV to adapt to variations in power grid strength and achieve stable grid connection while enhancing operational flexibility,it is essential to configure grid-connected inverters with an integrated grid-following control mode,allowing smooth switching between GFL and GFM modes.First,impedance models of GFL and GFM PV energy storage VSG systems were established,and grid stability was analyzed.Second,an online impedance identification method based on voltage fluctuation data screening was proposed to enhance the accuracy of impedance identification.Additionally,a PV energy storage GFM/GFL VSG smooth switching method based on current inner loop compensation was introduced to achieve stable grid-connected operation of distributed photovoltaics under changes in strong and weak power grids.Finally,a grid stability analysis was conducted on the multi-machine parallel PV ESS,and a simulation model of a multi-machine parallel PV ESS based on current inner loop compensation was established for testing.Results showed that,compared to using a single GFM or single GFL control for the PV VSG system,the smooth switching method of multi-machine parallel PV ESS effectively suppresses system resonance under variations in power grid strength,enabling adaptive and stable grid-connected operations of distributed PV.
文摘柔性直流输电已成为远距离、大容量新能源送出的友好解决方案。将构网控制技术应用于柔直换流器,可使其在适应弱电网接入的同时为电网提供有功与无功支撑。针对构网型柔直换流器在电网电压跌落工况下存在的过流风险,提出一种基于控制模式实时动态切换的故障限流方法。首先,设计了海上风电柔直送出系统受端换流器的构网控制策略;通过分析构网控制与跟网控制切换过程的动态特性,揭示两种控制模式切换扰动的产生机理,明确降低扰动需解决的关键问题,并提出相应的扰动抑制方法。最后,基于实时数字仿真器(Real-time digital simulation,RTDS)、工程用柔直控制保护装置与风机变流器构建硬件在环实验平台。实验结果表明,应用所提方法在电网电压跌落时可快速、可靠地限制故障电流,同时实现对电网提供无功支撑。
