The oilseed crop Camelina sativa exhibits salinity tolerance,but the effects on early growth stages across a range of different salts and in combination with salicylic acid(SA)have not been thoroughly evaluated.In thi...The oilseed crop Camelina sativa exhibits salinity tolerance,but the effects on early growth stages across a range of different salts and in combination with salicylic acid(SA)have not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,seeds were germinated in varying concentrations of six salts(NaCl,CaCl_(2),ZnCl_(2),KCl,MgSO_(4),and Na2SO_(4))with or without 0.5 mM SA.Using the halotime model,we estimated salt thresholds for germination and parameters of seedling growth.Germination and seedling growth parameters of camelina significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration across all salt types.Salts containing Zn and SO_(4) were most detrimental to germination and seedling growth.Except for KCl,0.5 mM SA generally reduced the salinity tolerance threshold(Saltb(50))of camelina.Specifically,Saltb(50)was 21.5%higher for KCl and 16.1%,25.0%,54.9%,21.0%,and 5.6%lower for CaCl_(2),NaCl,MgSO_(4),Na2SO_(4),and ZnCl_(2),respectively,when 0.5 mM SA was compared to 0 mM SA.Furthermore,camelina seedling growth was consistently more sensitive than germination across all salt types.SA did not significantly enhance germination or seedling growth and was harmful when combined with certain salts or at the germination stage.It can be concluded that both the type of salt and the concentration of SA are as critical as the salt concentration in saline irrigation water.展开更多
[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials...[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials,this study simulated drought stress using 20%PEG-6000 and measured changes in germination-stage indicators.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method,incorporating relative coleoptile length,relative germ length,relative radicle length,relative germination rate,relative germination potential,and stress germination index.[Results]Drought stress not only reduced wheat seed germination rate but also inhibited the growth of the germ,coleoptile,and radicle.The D values of the eight varieties were ranked as follows:Jimai 60>Linmai 9>Yannong 999>Shannong 30>Shannong 28>Luyuan 502>Yannong 1212>Jimai 22.Based on D values,the eight dominant wheat varieties were classified into three categories:highly drought-resistant varieties(Linmai 9 and Jimai 60),moderately drought-resistant varieties(Yannong 999 and Shannong 30),and sensitive varieties(the others).Linmai 9 and Jimai 60 are recommended as suitable wheat varieties for dryland cultivation in Shandong Province.[Conclusions]Drought stress induced by 20%PEG-6000 reduced germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of wheat varieties while inhibiting the growth of coleoptiles and radicles.These indicators can provide a preliminary assessment of drought resistance in wheat cultivars.However,since filter paper was selected as the growth medium,root length measurement errors were introduced during root washing,leading to variations in final experimental results.Futuer studies could attempt using sterilized sand as an alternative growth medium.展开更多
Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt toleran...Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage during the germination stage,2,4,and 8 mmol/L of SrCl_(2),CaCl_(2) or an equimolar mixture of both were added separately to a 150 mmol/L NaCl solution.The results showed that Ca-Sr addition significantly increased seed viability,seed vigor,seed germination rate and seed germination uniformity of Chinese cabbage compared with the salt-control group.The differences in germination percentage(GP)and germination energy(GE)among the Ca-addition and Sr-addition groups were not significant,and the differences in coefficient of rate of germination(CRG),index of rate of germination(IRG)and coefficient of variation of the germination time(CVT)were relatively small,but clear differences were observed in germination index(GI),vigor index(VI)and coefficient of uniformity of germination(CUG).The results of GI and VI indicated that the higher the concentration of Ca-addition or Sr-addition,the more significant the enhancement of seed vigor.Under saline stress(150 mmol/L NaCl),the Ca-Sr co-addition outperformed Sr-treatment alone,and Ca-addition achieved the highest seed vigor at equivalent concentrations.Furthermore,all Ca-Sr treatments significantly enhanced the uniformity of Chinese cabbage sprouts exposed to 150 mM NaCl,with the best uniformity improved by the addition of 2 and 4 mmol/L SrCl_(2).Ca-Sr treatments increased the salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage sprouts during the germination stage mainly because the Ca2+and Sr2+significantly enhanced plasma membrane stability and reduced oxidative stress(as indicated by decreased contents of malondialdehyde and O2⋅-contents)in sprouts.The decrease of soluble sugar and proline content caused by Ca-Sr addition implies that elevated levels of these osmolytes were not the primary contributors to improved seed germinability in Chinese cabbage.These findings demonstrate that Sr is a beneficial element for enhancing salt tolerance in plants,laying a theoretical foundation for the development and application of strontium in agriculture.展开更多
Seed priming is an effective seed pretreatment technology that enhances germination and overall crop performance by optimizing seed hydration and metabolic processes before planting.Seed quality is a critical determin...Seed priming is an effective seed pretreatment technology that enhances germination and overall crop performance by optimizing seed hydration and metabolic processes before planting.Seed quality is a critical determinant of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)crop performance,influencing germination,plant vigor,and yield.This study evaluates the effects of seed priming with potassium salts(1%and 2%KCl and K2SO4)on germination,morphological traits,and Cry1Ac gene expression in three Bt cotton cultivars(IUB-2013,NIAB-878B,FH-142)as Cry1Ac enhance the pest resistance in Bt cotton and reduce the plant’s dependence on chemical insecticides.Seeds were primed for six hours,air-dried,and sown in the field.Germination rates,plant height,number of bolls per plant,boll weight,seed cotton yield,and ginning outturn(GOT)were assessed at crop maturity.Cry1Ac gene expression was quantified to explore the influence of priming treatments on transgene activity.Results demonstrated that 1%K2SO4 priming significantly enhanced germination and yield-related traits,with Cry1Ac expression peaking in the IUB-2013 cultivar under 1%K2SO4 treatment.These findings suggest that potassium-based halopriming improves cotton seedling establishment and Bt gene expression.This study addresses the critical gaps in understanding the effects of seed halopriming on morphological traits,germination,and expression of the Cry1Ac gene in Bt cotton while providing a novel eco-friendly and cost-effective halopriming approach,offering the potential to improve cotton production.展开更多
Pinus koraiensis is the dominant and constructive species of the zonal vegetation in Northeast China,known as the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest.Although carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the seed embryo are kno...Pinus koraiensis is the dominant and constructive species of the zonal vegetation in Northeast China,known as the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest.Although carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the seed embryo are known to play crucial roles during seed dormancy and germination in P.koraiensis,it remains unclear whether these metabolic pathways function differentially across tissues.P.koraiensis seeds that had undergone different durations of moist chilling in their natural environment,yielding seeds with relatively deeper primary physiological dormancy(DDS)and seeds with released primary physiological dormancy(RDS).A non-targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the radicle and hypocotyl-cotyledon portions of both DDS and RDS,before and after a two-week incubation under favorable conditions.Under germination conditions,RDS and DDS showed divergent metabolic profiles,especially regarding carbohydrate metabolism.Specifically,RDS seeds showed significantly reduced substrates of respiratory metabolic pathways in both radicles and hypocotyl-cotyledons.Conversely,the intermediates of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway(particularly the tricarboxylic acid cycle)accumulating in radicles of DDS seeds under germination conditions.Moreover,in RDS,the carbohydrate metabolic pathways were more prevalent in the hypocotyl-cotyledon,while lysine degradation and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were the dominant metabolic pathways in radicles.In contrast,the tricarboxylic acid cycle showed higher activity in DDS radicles compared to hypocotyl-cotyledons.We further demonstrated that carbohydratemetabolic pathways continue to play a dominant role in both dormancy maintenance and germination processes of P.koraiensis seeds.Notably,the carbohydratemetabolism in radicles likely exerts more critical regulatory functions in these two physiological processes compared to that in cotyledon and hypocotyl tissues.展开更多
Low-temperature(LT)stress is a significant abiotic stress in rice growth,especially under direct seeding cultivation,where low temperatures can significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seede...Low-temperature(LT)stress is a significant abiotic stress in rice growth,especially under direct seeding cultivation,where low temperatures can significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice,thereby impacting the final yield of rice.In this study,we have identified a trehalose synthesis pathway gene,trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 3(Os TPP3),involved in the regulation of low-temperature(LT)germination in rice,as well as its upstream regulatory factor,the ABA signaling pathway gene OsbZIP23.LT stress induced the accumulation of ABA by upregulating the expression of Os NCED3.Consistently,the overexpression of Os NCED3 significantly inhibited seed germination under LT.RT-q PCR experiments found that the expression of OsbZIP23 was also significantly induced under LT stress and ABA treatment.Overexpression of OsbZIP23 has increased the sensitivity to LT stress of rice seed,resembling the phenotype of Os NCED3 overexpressing seeds.Furthermore,both LT stress and exogenous ABA treatment increased the trehalose content in WT seeds by upregulating the expression of Os TPP3.Enhancing the expression of Os TPP3 or application of exogenous trehalose have significantly increased the sensitivity to LT stress during seed germination.Transcriptional activation and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that OsbZIP23 bound to the promoter of Os TPP3 and activated its expression,which was intensified by LT stress or the application of ABA.Our study discovered an ABAdependent OsbZIP23–Os TPP3 module that responds to LT stress,inhibiting seed germination under LT conditions by increasing trehalose accumulation,thus might balance the growth and stress resistance and provide a new insight into the genetic improvement of rice cultivars with better LT germination performance.展开更多
Rice seed germination marks the start of cultivation and influences subsequent seedling growth,and is affected by hormones and environmental factors.Ubiquitination plays a critical role in this process by regulating h...Rice seed germination marks the start of cultivation and influences subsequent seedling growth,and is affected by hormones and environmental factors.Ubiquitination plays a critical role in this process by regulating hormonal homeostasis.In the ubiquitination cascade,ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes(UBCs)function as ubiquitin carriers to determine linkage specificity of ubiquitin chains.In rice(Oryza sativa),39 UBC genes are identified,but only one gene OsUBC12 has been functionally studied to promote seed germination under low-temperatures in japonica rice.To elucidate the role of UBCs in seed germination,we generated CRISPR-Cas9 mutants for 23 UBC genes and overexpressed 20 members in rice.Among them,seven UBC genes(OsUBC4/6/7/12/25/27/48)were found to regulate seed germination,with OsUBC27 and OsUBC48 acting through the ABA pathway.Exogenous ABA inhibitors restored the germination rate of osubc27^(CR).RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the ABA synthesis genes OsNCED1-5 were significantly upregulated in the mutants.Further differential ubiquitination proteomics in knockout mutants and wild-type plants showed that OsUBC27 regulates ABA homeostasis by modulating ubiquitination of the ABA-degrading protein OsABA8ox1,thereby balancing seed dormancy and germination.Sequence analysis identified distinct haplotypes of the seven OsUBCs that showed differential distribution between japonica and indica subspecies.Our study provides valuable molecular targets for developing rice varieties resistant to seed vivipary.展开更多
Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the...Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.展开更多
In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In ord...In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs,this study presents an innovative in vitro embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds.The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique,resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos,with a germination rate of up to 88% for these isolated embryos.These embryos are subsequently cultured in vitro to facilitate germination into seedlings,thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification.Consequently,grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30-38 d,expediting the overall grape breeding process.This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties,contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus rem...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus remain largely unknown.Here,we found that all six paralogs of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 2(BnaWIP2)showed increased expression during the initial 12 hours of germination,and expression was further enhanced by salinity stress.Under NaCl treatment,knocking out all six BnaWIP2 paralogs in B.napus led to significantly reduced germination,while overexpression of BnaC06.WIP2 promoted germination.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BnaC06.WIP2 downregulated a series of genes related to abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis and signaling,among which BnaA05.NCED3,BnaC04.ABI5-2,BnaA03.EM6,and BnaA05.EM6 were directly repressed by BnaC06.WIP2.Further analysis showed that in germinating seeds,BnaC06.WIP2 was induced by ABA and in turn restrained ABA production,indicating that BnaC06.WIP2 forms a negative feedback loop with ABA to promote seed germination under salinity stress in B.napus.Collectively,these results enhance our understanding of the novel function of BnaWIP2 and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding salinity-tolerant rapeseed varieties.展开更多
With Welsh Onion seeds employed as materials, effects of magnetized water on seed Germination were studied. The results showed the treatment of magnetized water soaking for 4 h promoted water absorption rate and amyla...With Welsh Onion seeds employed as materials, effects of magnetized water on seed Germination were studied. The results showed the treatment of magnetized water soaking for 4 h promoted water absorption rate and amylase ac- tivities of seeds significantly, which accelerated the transformation process of en- dosperm starch to soluble sugar, resulting in emergence of 36 hours in advance under low temperature condition. Germination rate and germination potential of magnetized water soaking were higher than the contrast by 6.7% and 10.0%, which helped cultivate vigorous seedling.展开更多
The germination process of seeds is influenced by the interplay between two opposing factors,pectin methylesterase(PME)and pectin methylesterase inhibitor(PMEI),which collectively regulate patterns of pectin methylest...The germination process of seeds is influenced by the interplay between two opposing factors,pectin methylesterase(PME)and pectin methylesterase inhibitor(PMEI),which collectively regulate patterns of pectin methylesterification.Despite the recognized importance of pectin methylesterification in seed germination,the specific mechanisms that govern this process remain unclear.In this study,we demonstrated that the overexpression of GhPMEI53is associated with a decrease in PME activity and an increase in pectin methylesterification.This leads to seed cell wall softening,which positively regulates cotton seed germination.AtPMEI19,the homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana,plays a similar role in seed germination to GhPMEI53,indicating a conserved function and mechanism of PMEI in seed germination regulation.Further studies revealed that GhPMEI53 and AtPMEI19 directly contribute to promoting radicle protrusion and seed germination by inducing cell wall softening and reducing mechanical strength.Additionally,the pathways of abscicic acid(ABA)and gibberellin(GA)in the transgenic materials showed significant changes,suggesting that GhPMEI53/AtPMEI19-mediated pectin methylesterification serves as a regulatory signal for the related phytohormones involved in seed germination.In summary,GhPMEI53 and its homologs alter the mechanical properties of cell walls,which influence the mechanical resistance of the endosperm or testa.Moreover,they impact cellular phytohormone pathways(e.g.,ABA and GA)to regulate seed germination.These findings enhance our understanding of pectin methylesterification in cellular morphological dynamics and signaling transduction,and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the PME/PMEI gene superfamily in plants.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as the research objects,the changes in germination potential,germination index,plant height,biomass,and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize seeds were studied under optimal temperature conditions(25℃)and low temperature stress conditions(10℃).[Results]Under 10℃stress,the germination rate and germination index of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4.Under low temperature stress,Taitian 264 exhibited the least reduction in height and biomass,while Zhexuetian 1 had the most reduction.Additionally,the SOD and POD activities of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 under both temperature conditions,while the MDA content of Taitian 264 was lower.Taitian 264 showed strong germination ability against low temperature stress.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for timely sowing practices of sweet maize in agricultural production.展开更多
Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination a...Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)have been reported to be effectively involved in many plant physiological processes,particularly under abiotic stresses.To our knowledge,no comparative studies have been performed to study the efficiency of conventional,chemical,and seed nanopriming for better plant stress tolerance.Therefore,we conducted growth chamber and field experiments with different salinity levels(0,1.5,and 3‰),two rice varieties(CY1000 and LLY506),and different priming techniques such as hydropriming,chemical priming(ascorbic acid,salicylic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid),and nanopriming(zinc oxide nanoparticles).Salt stress inhibited rice seed germination,germination index,vigor index,and seedling growth.Also,salt stress increased the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(-)·)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Furthermore,salt-stressed seedlings accumulated higher sodium(Na^(+))ions and significantly lower potassium(K^(+))ions.Moreover,the findings of our study demonstrated that,among the different priming techniques,seed nanopriming with zinc oxide nanoparticles(NanoZnO)significantly contributed to rice salt tolerance.ZnO nanopriming improved rice seed germination and seedling growth in the pot and field experiments under salt stress.The possible mechanism behind ZnO nanopriming improved rice salt tolerance included higher contents of α-amylase,soluble sugar,and soluble protein and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to sustain better seed germination and seedling growth.Moreover,another mechanism of ZnO nanopriming induced rice salt tolerance was associated with better maintenance of(K^(+))ions content.Our research concluded that NanoZnO could promote plant salt tolerance and be adopted as a practical nanopriming technique,promoting global crop production in saltaffected agricultural lands.展开更多
Biological invasion represents a major worldwide threat to native biodiversity and environmental stability.Haloxylon persicum was introduced to Tunisia(North Africa)with Saharan bioclimate in 1969 to fix sandy dunes.S...Biological invasion represents a major worldwide threat to native biodiversity and environmental stability.Haloxylon persicum was introduced to Tunisia(North Africa)with Saharan bioclimate in 1969 to fix sandy dunes.Since then,it has gained significant interest for its potential to colonize,proliferate,and become naturalized in Tunisia.Hence,understanding the seed germination response of H.persicum to abiotic conditions,including temperature,water stress,and salt stress,is crucial for predicting its future spread and adopting effective control strategies.Our work investigated the germination behavior of this invasive plant species by incubation at temperatures from 10.0℃ to 35.0℃ and at various osmotic potentials(-2.00,-1.60,-1.00,-0.50,and 0.00 MPa)of polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG6000,indicating water stress)and sodium chloride(NaCl,indicating salt stress)solutions.Results showed remarkable correlations among the seed functional traits of H.persicum,indicating adaptive responses to local environmental constraints.The maximum germination rate was recorded at 25.0℃ with a rate of 0.39/d.Using the thermal time model,the base temperature was recorded at 8.4℃,the optimal temperature was 25.5℃,and the ceiling temperature was found at 58.3℃.Besides,based on the hydrotime model,the base water potential showed lower values of -7.74 and -10.90 MPa at the optimal temperatures of 25.0℃ and 30.0℃,respectively.Also,the species was found to have excellent tolerance to drought(water stress)compared to salt stress,which has implications for its potential growth into new habitats under climate change.Combining ecological and physiological approaches,this work elucidates the invasive potential of H.persicum and contributes to the protection of species distribution in Tunisian ecosystems.展开更多
Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germinat...Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.展开更多
To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design ...To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design methodsto investigate the seed coating formula and physical properties of Tartary buckwheat. The specific effects ofeach component on Tartary buckwheat seed germination are analyzed. The findings reveal that the seed coatingagent formulated with 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15% sodium alginate, 0.2% op-10, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 8% colorant,3% ammonium sulfate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% carbendazim exhibits the mosteffective coating. It demonstrates optimal physical properties and promotes seed germination efficiently. The suspensionrate of this seed coating agent reaches 91.12%, with a mere 2.13% coating shedding rate and 2.5% coatingseed rot rate. Furthermore, it achieves a germination percentage of 99.17%, which is 20.84% higher than the lowestgroup. The germination potential and index are also significantly higher than the lowest group, with anincrease of 20.84% and 26.56%, respectively. Additionally, the vitality index is 553.08, a 15.75% increase comparedto the lowest group. The application of seed coating agents helps reduce seed resource loss, increase plant numbers,and ultimately enhance agricultural yields. This finding holds practical significance in agriculturalproduction.展开更多
Humic acids can promote the germination of many vegetable seeds,but the key active components remain unclear.This study utilized nutrient content,cross polarization magic angle spin ^(13)C solid magnetic resonance(CPM...Humic acids can promote the germination of many vegetable seeds,but the key active components remain unclear.This study utilized nutrient content,cross polarization magic angle spin ^(13)C solid magnetic resonance(CPMAS-^(13)C-NMR)and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)to characterize the chemical components of humic acids.Tomato seed germination index(GI)was determined with the goal of screening the key active components of humic acids.Humic acids had a significantly higher nutrient content,except for the total nitrogen(TN)and the total phosphorus(TP)contents.Humic acids had a higher content of O-CH_(3)/NCH,aromatic C-O and carbonyl C compared to weathered coal,with significantly lower anomeric C,aromatic C and O-alkyl C/alkyl C.There were 611 different compounds identified among the test materials using UHPLC-MS.Humic acids also had a significantly higher GI(158.0%and 153.1%)than weathered coal(85.5%).The organic matter(OM),TP and available potassium(AK)contents in humic acids were significantly positively correlated with GI,and available phosphorus(AP)was significantly negatively correlated.Among the carbon components,O-CH3/NCH,aromatic C-O and O-alkyl C/alkyl C were significantly positively correlated with GI,while anomeric C was significantly negatively correlated.Furthermore,among the top 10 positive and five negative correlation compounds,lipids and lipid-like molecules[armexifolin,boviquinone 4,3-methyladipic acid,lxocarpalactone A,monic acid,DG(20:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/0:0),and brassinolide]and organic acids and derivatives(N-acetylglutamic acid,8-hydroxy-5,6-octadienoic acid,acetyl-L-tyrosine,and hydroxyprolyl-methionine)in humic acids might be crucial active components for improving tomato seed germination.The results provided direct evidence for the identification of bioactive molecules of humic acids,and a scientific basis for the precise utilization of bioactive molecular components of humic acids in sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
Hippophae rhamnoides L.is extensively distributed throughout China and plays a pioneering role in combating desertification and soil erosion in northern regions.H.rhamnoides contains abundant nutrients and is of medic...Hippophae rhamnoides L.is extensively distributed throughout China and plays a pioneering role in combating desertification and soil erosion in northern regions.H.rhamnoides contains abundant nutrients and is of medical and economic value.However,there has been a lack of research on sea buckthorn seeds,both domestically and internationally,particularly regarding the mechanisms governing their growth and germination.Therefore,to explore the growth of sea buckthorn seeds,this study analyzed and studied the molecular mechanism of seed germination process of sea buckthorn.To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying seed germination in sea buckthorn,we used transcriptomics to compare gene expression before and after seed germination in H.rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi.We identified 9,988 differentially expressed genes(5,593 upregulated and 4,395 downregulated).A bioinformatics-based analysis revealed that changes in plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism-related gene expression may regulate seed germination in this species.Notably,the levels of auxin(IAA),cytokinin(CTK),and brassinosteroids(BR)increased during seed germination while those of ABA decreased.Exogenous application of IAA,CTK,and BR promoted sea buckthorn seed germination,while ABA inhibited it.These findings suggested that hormones play an important role in the process of sea buckthorn seed germination.This study provides preliminary information about the seed germination mechanism in sea buckthorn,offering an essential reference for improving seed breeding and germplasm and laying the foundation for further resistance research on the molecular mechanism of seed germination of sea buckthorn in this species.展开更多
Anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and certain factors, including seed coat dormancy, hinder the natural regeneration of some tree species such as Irvingia gabonensis. This study, conducted in the city of Soubre...Anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and certain factors, including seed coat dormancy, hinder the natural regeneration of some tree species such as Irvingia gabonensis. This study, conducted in the city of Soubre, aimed to evaluate the germination potential of Irvingia gabonensis seeds and investigate the growth of seedlings from various treatments within an agroforestry perspective. The methodology involved subjecting seeds to fourteen different pre-treatments. These included seeds 1) treated with water at 100˚C;2) soaked in tap water for varying periods (days);3) treated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 96%;4) soaked directly in GA3 at different concentrations;5) scarified and soaked in GA3;and 6) untreated seeds, which served as controls. For the growth tests, the growth of seedlings from seeds treated with GA3 was compared with seedlings from control and scarified seed lots. The most satisfactory results were observed with scarified seeds soaked in gibberellin solution at 0.5 and 2 mg/L, yielding 46.66% and 56.66% germination, respectively. However, the best result was obtained with seeds soaked in GA3 at a concentration of 2 mg/L (50%). The findings showed that control seedlings exhibited similar growth to those derived from GA3-treated seeds.展开更多
基金the Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT) Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) for the use of the services and financial supports of this research
文摘The oilseed crop Camelina sativa exhibits salinity tolerance,but the effects on early growth stages across a range of different salts and in combination with salicylic acid(SA)have not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,seeds were germinated in varying concentrations of six salts(NaCl,CaCl_(2),ZnCl_(2),KCl,MgSO_(4),and Na2SO_(4))with or without 0.5 mM SA.Using the halotime model,we estimated salt thresholds for germination and parameters of seedling growth.Germination and seedling growth parameters of camelina significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration across all salt types.Salts containing Zn and SO_(4) were most detrimental to germination and seedling growth.Except for KCl,0.5 mM SA generally reduced the salinity tolerance threshold(Saltb(50))of camelina.Specifically,Saltb(50)was 21.5%higher for KCl and 16.1%,25.0%,54.9%,21.0%,and 5.6%lower for CaCl_(2),NaCl,MgSO_(4),Na2SO_(4),and ZnCl_(2),respectively,when 0.5 mM SA was compared to 0 mM SA.Furthermore,camelina seedling growth was consistently more sensitive than germination across all salt types.SA did not significantly enhance germination or seedling growth and was harmful when combined with certain salts or at the germination stage.It can be concluded that both the type of salt and the concentration of SA are as critical as the salt concentration in saline irrigation water.
基金Supported by National Wheat Industry Technology System"Linyi Integrated Experimental Station"(CARS-03-66)Shandong Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System"Linyi Integrated Experimental Station"(SDATT-01-18).
文摘[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials,this study simulated drought stress using 20%PEG-6000 and measured changes in germination-stage indicators.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method,incorporating relative coleoptile length,relative germ length,relative radicle length,relative germination rate,relative germination potential,and stress germination index.[Results]Drought stress not only reduced wheat seed germination rate but also inhibited the growth of the germ,coleoptile,and radicle.The D values of the eight varieties were ranked as follows:Jimai 60>Linmai 9>Yannong 999>Shannong 30>Shannong 28>Luyuan 502>Yannong 1212>Jimai 22.Based on D values,the eight dominant wheat varieties were classified into three categories:highly drought-resistant varieties(Linmai 9 and Jimai 60),moderately drought-resistant varieties(Yannong 999 and Shannong 30),and sensitive varieties(the others).Linmai 9 and Jimai 60 are recommended as suitable wheat varieties for dryland cultivation in Shandong Province.[Conclusions]Drought stress induced by 20%PEG-6000 reduced germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of wheat varieties while inhibiting the growth of coleoptiles and radicles.These indicators can provide a preliminary assessment of drought resistance in wheat cultivars.However,since filter paper was selected as the growth medium,root length measurement errors were introduced during root washing,leading to variations in final experimental results.Futuer studies could attempt using sterilized sand as an alternative growth medium.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC144)the Scientific Research Training Program for Undergraduates of Qufu Normal University(XJ2024016).
文摘Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage during the germination stage,2,4,and 8 mmol/L of SrCl_(2),CaCl_(2) or an equimolar mixture of both were added separately to a 150 mmol/L NaCl solution.The results showed that Ca-Sr addition significantly increased seed viability,seed vigor,seed germination rate and seed germination uniformity of Chinese cabbage compared with the salt-control group.The differences in germination percentage(GP)and germination energy(GE)among the Ca-addition and Sr-addition groups were not significant,and the differences in coefficient of rate of germination(CRG),index of rate of germination(IRG)and coefficient of variation of the germination time(CVT)were relatively small,but clear differences were observed in germination index(GI),vigor index(VI)and coefficient of uniformity of germination(CUG).The results of GI and VI indicated that the higher the concentration of Ca-addition or Sr-addition,the more significant the enhancement of seed vigor.Under saline stress(150 mmol/L NaCl),the Ca-Sr co-addition outperformed Sr-treatment alone,and Ca-addition achieved the highest seed vigor at equivalent concentrations.Furthermore,all Ca-Sr treatments significantly enhanced the uniformity of Chinese cabbage sprouts exposed to 150 mM NaCl,with the best uniformity improved by the addition of 2 and 4 mmol/L SrCl_(2).Ca-Sr treatments increased the salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage sprouts during the germination stage mainly because the Ca2+and Sr2+significantly enhanced plasma membrane stability and reduced oxidative stress(as indicated by decreased contents of malondialdehyde and O2⋅-contents)in sprouts.The decrease of soluble sugar and proline content caused by Ca-Sr addition implies that elevated levels of these osmolytes were not the primary contributors to improved seed germinability in Chinese cabbage.These findings demonstrate that Sr is a beneficial element for enhancing salt tolerance in plants,laying a theoretical foundation for the development and application of strontium in agriculture.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(3216045632360474+2 种基金32360486)grants from the Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)([2020]1Z018)Provincial Key Technology R&D Program([2021]YiBan272).
文摘Seed priming is an effective seed pretreatment technology that enhances germination and overall crop performance by optimizing seed hydration and metabolic processes before planting.Seed quality is a critical determinant of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)crop performance,influencing germination,plant vigor,and yield.This study evaluates the effects of seed priming with potassium salts(1%and 2%KCl and K2SO4)on germination,morphological traits,and Cry1Ac gene expression in three Bt cotton cultivars(IUB-2013,NIAB-878B,FH-142)as Cry1Ac enhance the pest resistance in Bt cotton and reduce the plant’s dependence on chemical insecticides.Seeds were primed for six hours,air-dried,and sown in the field.Germination rates,plant height,number of bolls per plant,boll weight,seed cotton yield,and ginning outturn(GOT)were assessed at crop maturity.Cry1Ac gene expression was quantified to explore the influence of priming treatments on transgene activity.Results demonstrated that 1%K2SO4 priming significantly enhanced germination and yield-related traits,with Cry1Ac expression peaking in the IUB-2013 cultivar under 1%K2SO4 treatment.These findings suggest that potassium-based halopriming improves cotton seedling establishment and Bt gene expression.This study addresses the critical gaps in understanding the effects of seed halopriming on morphological traits,germination,and expression of the Cry1Ac gene in Bt cotton while providing a novel eco-friendly and cost-effective halopriming approach,offering the potential to improve cotton production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901300).
文摘Pinus koraiensis is the dominant and constructive species of the zonal vegetation in Northeast China,known as the mixed broadleaf-Korean pine forest.Although carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the seed embryo are known to play crucial roles during seed dormancy and germination in P.koraiensis,it remains unclear whether these metabolic pathways function differentially across tissues.P.koraiensis seeds that had undergone different durations of moist chilling in their natural environment,yielding seeds with relatively deeper primary physiological dormancy(DDS)and seeds with released primary physiological dormancy(RDS).A non-targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the radicle and hypocotyl-cotyledon portions of both DDS and RDS,before and after a two-week incubation under favorable conditions.Under germination conditions,RDS and DDS showed divergent metabolic profiles,especially regarding carbohydrate metabolism.Specifically,RDS seeds showed significantly reduced substrates of respiratory metabolic pathways in both radicles and hypocotyl-cotyledons.Conversely,the intermediates of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway(particularly the tricarboxylic acid cycle)accumulating in radicles of DDS seeds under germination conditions.Moreover,in RDS,the carbohydrate metabolic pathways were more prevalent in the hypocotyl-cotyledon,while lysine degradation and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were the dominant metabolic pathways in radicles.In contrast,the tricarboxylic acid cycle showed higher activity in DDS radicles compared to hypocotyl-cotyledons.We further demonstrated that carbohydratemetabolic pathways continue to play a dominant role in both dormancy maintenance and germination processes of P.koraiensis seeds.Notably,the carbohydratemetabolism in radicles likely exerts more critical regulatory functions in these two physiological processes compared to that in cotyledon and hypocotyl tissues.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023NK1010,2024NK1010,2023NK2002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20208,32171927)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ30010,2023JJ40318)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515111230)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220531103803008)the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Ao E/M-05/12,Ao E/M-403/16,GRF12102423,12101722,12105824)。
文摘Low-temperature(LT)stress is a significant abiotic stress in rice growth,especially under direct seeding cultivation,where low temperatures can significantly affect seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice,thereby impacting the final yield of rice.In this study,we have identified a trehalose synthesis pathway gene,trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 3(Os TPP3),involved in the regulation of low-temperature(LT)germination in rice,as well as its upstream regulatory factor,the ABA signaling pathway gene OsbZIP23.LT stress induced the accumulation of ABA by upregulating the expression of Os NCED3.Consistently,the overexpression of Os NCED3 significantly inhibited seed germination under LT.RT-q PCR experiments found that the expression of OsbZIP23 was also significantly induced under LT stress and ABA treatment.Overexpression of OsbZIP23 has increased the sensitivity to LT stress of rice seed,resembling the phenotype of Os NCED3 overexpressing seeds.Furthermore,both LT stress and exogenous ABA treatment increased the trehalose content in WT seeds by upregulating the expression of Os TPP3.Enhancing the expression of Os TPP3 or application of exogenous trehalose have significantly increased the sensitivity to LT stress during seed germination.Transcriptional activation and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that OsbZIP23 bound to the promoter of Os TPP3 and activated its expression,which was intensified by LT stress or the application of ABA.Our study discovered an ABAdependent OsbZIP23–Os TPP3 module that responds to LT stress,inhibiting seed germination under LT conditions by increasing trehalose accumulation,thus might balance the growth and stress resistance and provide a new insight into the genetic improvement of rice cultivars with better LT germination performance.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZCLMS25C1302)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202408)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)
文摘Rice seed germination marks the start of cultivation and influences subsequent seedling growth,and is affected by hormones and environmental factors.Ubiquitination plays a critical role in this process by regulating hormonal homeostasis.In the ubiquitination cascade,ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes(UBCs)function as ubiquitin carriers to determine linkage specificity of ubiquitin chains.In rice(Oryza sativa),39 UBC genes are identified,but only one gene OsUBC12 has been functionally studied to promote seed germination under low-temperatures in japonica rice.To elucidate the role of UBCs in seed germination,we generated CRISPR-Cas9 mutants for 23 UBC genes and overexpressed 20 members in rice.Among them,seven UBC genes(OsUBC4/6/7/12/25/27/48)were found to regulate seed germination,with OsUBC27 and OsUBC48 acting through the ABA pathway.Exogenous ABA inhibitors restored the germination rate of osubc27^(CR).RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the ABA synthesis genes OsNCED1-5 were significantly upregulated in the mutants.Further differential ubiquitination proteomics in knockout mutants and wild-type plants showed that OsUBC27 regulates ABA homeostasis by modulating ubiquitination of the ABA-degrading protein OsABA8ox1,thereby balancing seed dormancy and germination.Sequence analysis identified distinct haplotypes of the seven OsUBCs that showed differential distribution between japonica and indica subspecies.Our study provides valuable molecular targets for developing rice varieties resistant to seed vivipary.
基金supported by the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education(KFT202302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372052).
文摘Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.QNJJ202301)the Youth Research Foundation of Institute of Forestry and Pomology+2 种基金Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science(Grant No.LGJJ202202)the BAAFS Funding for the Development of Distinguished Scientist(Grant No.JKZX202402)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.6242019)。
文摘In grape breeding programs,the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect.However,grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits,necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release.In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs,this study presents an innovative in vitro embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds.The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique,resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos,with a germination rate of up to 88% for these isolated embryos.These embryos are subsequently cultured in vitro to facilitate germination into seedlings,thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification.Consequently,grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30-38 d,expediting the overall grape breeding process.This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties,contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04010)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-69)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2021LLRH-07)a grant from the Yang Ling Seed Industry Innovation Center(K3031122024).
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus remain largely unknown.Here,we found that all six paralogs of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 2(BnaWIP2)showed increased expression during the initial 12 hours of germination,and expression was further enhanced by salinity stress.Under NaCl treatment,knocking out all six BnaWIP2 paralogs in B.napus led to significantly reduced germination,while overexpression of BnaC06.WIP2 promoted germination.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BnaC06.WIP2 downregulated a series of genes related to abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis and signaling,among which BnaA05.NCED3,BnaC04.ABI5-2,BnaA03.EM6,and BnaA05.EM6 were directly repressed by BnaC06.WIP2.Further analysis showed that in germinating seeds,BnaC06.WIP2 was induced by ABA and in turn restrained ABA production,indicating that BnaC06.WIP2 forms a negative feedback loop with ABA to promote seed germination under salinity stress in B.napus.Collectively,these results enhance our understanding of the novel function of BnaWIP2 and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding salinity-tolerant rapeseed varieties.
基金Supported by China Spark Program for Science and Technology(2011GA740072)Shandong Provincial Soft Scientific Research Project(2015RKC35001)Shandong Provincial Agricultural High-quality Seed Engineering(2016LZGC019)~~
文摘With Welsh Onion seeds employed as materials, effects of magnetized water on seed Germination were studied. The results showed the treatment of magnetized water soaking for 4 h promoted water absorption rate and amylase ac- tivities of seeds significantly, which accelerated the transformation process of en- dosperm starch to soluble sugar, resulting in emergence of 36 hours in advance under low temperature condition. Germination rate and germination potential of magnetized water soaking were higher than the contrast by 6.7% and 10.0%, which helped cultivate vigorous seedling.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072022)the Nanfan Special Project,CAAS(YBXM07)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,China(B23CJ0208)。
文摘The germination process of seeds is influenced by the interplay between two opposing factors,pectin methylesterase(PME)and pectin methylesterase inhibitor(PMEI),which collectively regulate patterns of pectin methylesterification.Despite the recognized importance of pectin methylesterification in seed germination,the specific mechanisms that govern this process remain unclear.In this study,we demonstrated that the overexpression of GhPMEI53is associated with a decrease in PME activity and an increase in pectin methylesterification.This leads to seed cell wall softening,which positively regulates cotton seed germination.AtPMEI19,the homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana,plays a similar role in seed germination to GhPMEI53,indicating a conserved function and mechanism of PMEI in seed germination regulation.Further studies revealed that GhPMEI53 and AtPMEI19 directly contribute to promoting radicle protrusion and seed germination by inducing cell wall softening and reducing mechanical strength.Additionally,the pathways of abscicic acid(ABA)and gibberellin(GA)in the transgenic materials showed significant changes,suggesting that GhPMEI53/AtPMEI19-mediated pectin methylesterification serves as a regulatory signal for the related phytohormones involved in seed germination.In summary,GhPMEI53 and its homologs alter the mechanical properties of cell walls,which influence the mechanical resistance of the endosperm or testa.Moreover,they impact cellular phytohormone pathways(e.g.,ABA and GA)to regulate seed germination.These findings enhance our understanding of pectin methylesterification in cellular morphological dynamics and signaling transduction,and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the PME/PMEI gene superfamily in plants.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Program Project(LGN21C020006)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02057)+1 种基金Zhejiang Major Science and Technology Project of Agricultural New Variety(Upland Food)Breeding(2021C02064)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2022C04024).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as the research objects,the changes in germination potential,germination index,plant height,biomass,and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize seeds were studied under optimal temperature conditions(25℃)and low temperature stress conditions(10℃).[Results]Under 10℃stress,the germination rate and germination index of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4.Under low temperature stress,Taitian 264 exhibited the least reduction in height and biomass,while Zhexuetian 1 had the most reduction.Additionally,the SOD and POD activities of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 under both temperature conditions,while the MDA content of Taitian 264 was lower.Taitian 264 showed strong germination ability against low temperature stress.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for timely sowing practices of sweet maize in agricultural production.
基金supported by the Foundation of Major Projects in Hainan Province,China(ZDKJ202001)the Research Initiation Fund of Hainan University,China(KYQD(ZR)19104)。
文摘Salinity is one of the most significant risks to crop production and food security as it harms plant physiology and biochemistry.The salt stress during the rice emergence stages severely hampers the seed germination and seedling growth of direct-seeded rice.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)have been reported to be effectively involved in many plant physiological processes,particularly under abiotic stresses.To our knowledge,no comparative studies have been performed to study the efficiency of conventional,chemical,and seed nanopriming for better plant stress tolerance.Therefore,we conducted growth chamber and field experiments with different salinity levels(0,1.5,and 3‰),two rice varieties(CY1000 and LLY506),and different priming techniques such as hydropriming,chemical priming(ascorbic acid,salicylic acid,and γ-aminobutyric acid),and nanopriming(zinc oxide nanoparticles).Salt stress inhibited rice seed germination,germination index,vigor index,and seedling growth.Also,salt stress increased the over accumulation of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(-)·)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Furthermore,salt-stressed seedlings accumulated higher sodium(Na^(+))ions and significantly lower potassium(K^(+))ions.Moreover,the findings of our study demonstrated that,among the different priming techniques,seed nanopriming with zinc oxide nanoparticles(NanoZnO)significantly contributed to rice salt tolerance.ZnO nanopriming improved rice seed germination and seedling growth in the pot and field experiments under salt stress.The possible mechanism behind ZnO nanopriming improved rice salt tolerance included higher contents of α-amylase,soluble sugar,and soluble protein and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to sustain better seed germination and seedling growth.Moreover,another mechanism of ZnO nanopriming induced rice salt tolerance was associated with better maintenance of(K^(+))ions content.Our research concluded that NanoZnO could promote plant salt tolerance and be adopted as a practical nanopriming technique,promoting global crop production in saltaffected agricultural lands.
基金supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research,Research General Direction,Excellence Project(21P2ES-D1P3)the International Foundation for Science(IFS)(I1-D-6596-1).
文摘Biological invasion represents a major worldwide threat to native biodiversity and environmental stability.Haloxylon persicum was introduced to Tunisia(North Africa)with Saharan bioclimate in 1969 to fix sandy dunes.Since then,it has gained significant interest for its potential to colonize,proliferate,and become naturalized in Tunisia.Hence,understanding the seed germination response of H.persicum to abiotic conditions,including temperature,water stress,and salt stress,is crucial for predicting its future spread and adopting effective control strategies.Our work investigated the germination behavior of this invasive plant species by incubation at temperatures from 10.0℃ to 35.0℃ and at various osmotic potentials(-2.00,-1.60,-1.00,-0.50,and 0.00 MPa)of polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG6000,indicating water stress)and sodium chloride(NaCl,indicating salt stress)solutions.Results showed remarkable correlations among the seed functional traits of H.persicum,indicating adaptive responses to local environmental constraints.The maximum germination rate was recorded at 25.0℃ with a rate of 0.39/d.Using the thermal time model,the base temperature was recorded at 8.4℃,the optimal temperature was 25.5℃,and the ceiling temperature was found at 58.3℃.Besides,based on the hydrotime model,the base water potential showed lower values of -7.74 and -10.90 MPa at the optimal temperatures of 25.0℃ and 30.0℃,respectively.Also,the species was found to have excellent tolerance to drought(water stress)compared to salt stress,which has implications for its potential growth into new habitats under climate change.Combining ecological and physiological approaches,this work elucidates the invasive potential of H.persicum and contributes to the protection of species distribution in Tunisian ecosystems.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(ZDYF2023XDNY086)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-87)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052,2023A1515012092)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou,China(2023A04J0749,2023A04J1452).
文摘Seed germination is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes in rice.However,the regulators of rice seed germination have yet to be sufficiently determined.Here,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for rice seed germination was identified in a genome-wide association study.The candidate gene JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN 5(OsJAZ5)of the QTL was verified that positively regulates seed germination.OsJAZ5 regulation of seed germination involves an OsABI3-mediated abscisic acid pathway.Overexpression of OsJAZ5 facilitated seed germination.The application of OsJAZ5 might be useful for increasing seed germination for rice direct seeding.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0214)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-07-B-1)+1 种基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Nos.3230185031771716).
文摘To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design methodsto investigate the seed coating formula and physical properties of Tartary buckwheat. The specific effects ofeach component on Tartary buckwheat seed germination are analyzed. The findings reveal that the seed coatingagent formulated with 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15% sodium alginate, 0.2% op-10, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 8% colorant,3% ammonium sulfate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% carbendazim exhibits the mosteffective coating. It demonstrates optimal physical properties and promotes seed germination efficiently. The suspensionrate of this seed coating agent reaches 91.12%, with a mere 2.13% coating shedding rate and 2.5% coatingseed rot rate. Furthermore, it achieves a germination percentage of 99.17%, which is 20.84% higher than the lowestgroup. The germination potential and index are also significantly higher than the lowest group, with anincrease of 20.84% and 26.56%, respectively. Additionally, the vitality index is 553.08, a 15.75% increase comparedto the lowest group. The application of seed coating agents helps reduce seed resource loss, increase plant numbers,and ultimately enhance agricultural yields. This finding holds practical significance in agriculturalproduction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207371)the Technological Project of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2021kj17)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation and Service Major Project of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj01)Key Research Projects of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2023kj14)。
文摘Humic acids can promote the germination of many vegetable seeds,but the key active components remain unclear.This study utilized nutrient content,cross polarization magic angle spin ^(13)C solid magnetic resonance(CPMAS-^(13)C-NMR)and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)to characterize the chemical components of humic acids.Tomato seed germination index(GI)was determined with the goal of screening the key active components of humic acids.Humic acids had a significantly higher nutrient content,except for the total nitrogen(TN)and the total phosphorus(TP)contents.Humic acids had a higher content of O-CH_(3)/NCH,aromatic C-O and carbonyl C compared to weathered coal,with significantly lower anomeric C,aromatic C and O-alkyl C/alkyl C.There were 611 different compounds identified among the test materials using UHPLC-MS.Humic acids also had a significantly higher GI(158.0%and 153.1%)than weathered coal(85.5%).The organic matter(OM),TP and available potassium(AK)contents in humic acids were significantly positively correlated with GI,and available phosphorus(AP)was significantly negatively correlated.Among the carbon components,O-CH3/NCH,aromatic C-O and O-alkyl C/alkyl C were significantly positively correlated with GI,while anomeric C was significantly negatively correlated.Furthermore,among the top 10 positive and five negative correlation compounds,lipids and lipid-like molecules[armexifolin,boviquinone 4,3-methyladipic acid,lxocarpalactone A,monic acid,DG(20:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/0:0),and brassinolide]and organic acids and derivatives(N-acetylglutamic acid,8-hydroxy-5,6-octadienoic acid,acetyl-L-tyrosine,and hydroxyprolyl-methionine)in humic acids might be crucial active components for improving tomato seed germination.The results provided direct evidence for the identification of bioactive molecules of humic acids,and a scientific basis for the precise utilization of bioactive molecular components of humic acids in sustainable agricultural development.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160353)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(22JR5RA263)Lanzhou University of Technology Hongliu Outstanding Youth Talent.
文摘Hippophae rhamnoides L.is extensively distributed throughout China and plays a pioneering role in combating desertification and soil erosion in northern regions.H.rhamnoides contains abundant nutrients and is of medical and economic value.However,there has been a lack of research on sea buckthorn seeds,both domestically and internationally,particularly regarding the mechanisms governing their growth and germination.Therefore,to explore the growth of sea buckthorn seeds,this study analyzed and studied the molecular mechanism of seed germination process of sea buckthorn.To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying seed germination in sea buckthorn,we used transcriptomics to compare gene expression before and after seed germination in H.rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi.We identified 9,988 differentially expressed genes(5,593 upregulated and 4,395 downregulated).A bioinformatics-based analysis revealed that changes in plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism-related gene expression may regulate seed germination in this species.Notably,the levels of auxin(IAA),cytokinin(CTK),and brassinosteroids(BR)increased during seed germination while those of ABA decreased.Exogenous application of IAA,CTK,and BR promoted sea buckthorn seed germination,while ABA inhibited it.These findings suggested that hormones play an important role in the process of sea buckthorn seed germination.This study provides preliminary information about the seed germination mechanism in sea buckthorn,offering an essential reference for improving seed breeding and germplasm and laying the foundation for further resistance research on the molecular mechanism of seed germination of sea buckthorn in this species.
文摘Anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and certain factors, including seed coat dormancy, hinder the natural regeneration of some tree species such as Irvingia gabonensis. This study, conducted in the city of Soubre, aimed to evaluate the germination potential of Irvingia gabonensis seeds and investigate the growth of seedlings from various treatments within an agroforestry perspective. The methodology involved subjecting seeds to fourteen different pre-treatments. These included seeds 1) treated with water at 100˚C;2) soaked in tap water for varying periods (days);3) treated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 96%;4) soaked directly in GA3 at different concentrations;5) scarified and soaked in GA3;and 6) untreated seeds, which served as controls. For the growth tests, the growth of seedlings from seeds treated with GA3 was compared with seedlings from control and scarified seed lots. The most satisfactory results were observed with scarified seeds soaked in gibberellin solution at 0.5 and 2 mg/L, yielding 46.66% and 56.66% germination, respectively. However, the best result was obtained with seeds soaked in GA3 at a concentration of 2 mg/L (50%). The findings showed that control seedlings exhibited similar growth to those derived from GA3-treated seeds.
