In this review paper,the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics are analyzed.Three environmental geotechnics scenarios,namely heavy metal contamination immobilization and removal,waste and CO_(...In this review paper,the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics are analyzed.Three environmental geotechnics scenarios,namely heavy metal contamination immobilization and removal,waste and CO_(2)containment,and recycled use of industrial byproducts,are discussed and evaluated regarding current trends and prospects.The biomineralization process,specifically the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation(MICP)technology,is an effective solution for immobilizing heavy metals through co-precipitation with calcium carbonate,with successful results in cleaning up contaminated soils.The nature of biomineralization enhances earth material strength and decreases permeability,making it suitable for waste and CO_(2)containment.Additionally,using industrial byproducts in MICP technology can improve the physical,mechanical,and hydraulic properties of earth materials,making it a potential solution for efficient waste utilization.In conclusion,the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics hold great promise for solving various environmental problems.However,further research is needed to better understand the control and consistency of biomineralization processes,the durability of biominerals,the scale of applications,and environmental concerns.展开更多
High level of industrialization of northern regions of Russia cause significant pollution problems in the soil. The new approach based on fuzzy modeling for reception and processing of the geocryological information i...High level of industrialization of northern regions of Russia cause significant pollution problems in the soil. The new approach based on fuzzy modeling for reception and processing of the geocryological information is offered. The technique and methodology of presentation of variables in a logic and linguistic way in a combination to elements of the experimental planning theory is developed. Comparison of the calculated data on model has shown its high adequacy of the experimental data of the various authors. The forecast of geoecological processes in cryolitozone on the basis of the described method will allow increasing reliability of the accepted design decisions.展开更多
As urbanization progresses,the demand for high-rise buildings and underground spaces is growing,and the need for firm geotechnical construction materials,efficient excavation methods,accurate testing instruments,and i...As urbanization progresses,the demand for high-rise buildings and underground spaces is growing,and the need for firm geotechnical construction materials,efficient excavation methods,accurate testing instruments,and innovative geotechnical engineering theories and technologies is increasing.By investigating the phenomena of strengthening and toughening in nature,hydrophobic and ice-phobic,friction anisotropy and drilling as well as excavation,etc,researchers have found that organisms have distinctive external morphology and organization.By imitating the external morphology,structural characteristics or movement mechanism of organisms,novel ideas,new principles,and innovative theories can be provided for the innovation and sustainable development of geotechnical engineering.This paper mainly expounds on the bio-inspired application in geotechnical engineering from three perspectives:geo-materials,geotechnical components,and drilling&excavation equipment,and lists typical application cases.In conclusion,this paper presents a summary and prospects of bio-inspired geotechnical engineering,offering fundamental insights for future research.展开更多
The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.T...The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.This application guarantees the preservation of civil works through the effective management of local conditions and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils.Therefore,the objective of this research was to determine whether geotechnics were related to the preservation of the Llaqta of Machu Picchu.For this purpose,three geotechnical factors were evaluated:1)local site conditions,2)physical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation soils,and 3)bearing capacity.These factors were observed in the natural context of the Machu Picchu buildings via in situ and laboratory tests with standardized,noninvasive,and nondestructive equipment and procedures.The results revealed that the foundation soils are composed of two strata:1)Inca Controlled Fill(ICF),made up of gravel,and 2)a granodioritic igneous rock massif,which has a strength of 320 kg/cm^(2) in situ and 771 kg/cm^(2) in the laboratory.The strata exhibit friction angles of 31°and 38°and densities of 1.94 and 2.34 Tn/m^(3),respectively.These geotechnical parameters yield a bearing capacity of 9.6 kg/cm^(2) under a vertical stress of 1,156 kg/cm^(2).Therefore,it is concluded that the Incas,possibly on the basis of ancestral wisdom and trial and error,empirically employed geotechnical principles,providing suitable conditions for the preservation of the buildings at Machu Picchu.展开更多
Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of p...Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.展开更多
The purpose of this paper(presented online as a keynote lecture at the 25th Annual Indonesian Geotechnical Conference on 10 Nov 2021)is to broadly conceptualize the agenda for data-centric geotechnics,an emerging fiel...The purpose of this paper(presented online as a keynote lecture at the 25th Annual Indonesian Geotechnical Conference on 10 Nov 2021)is to broadly conceptualize the agenda for data-centric geotechnics,an emerging field that attempts to prepare geotechnical engineering for digital transformation.The agenda must include(1)development of methods that make sense of all real-world data(not selective input data for a physical model),(2)offering insights of significant value to critical real-world decisions for current or future practice(not decisions for an ideal world or decisions of minor concern to geotechnical engineers),and(3)sensitivity to the physical context of geotechnics(not abstract data-driven analysis connected to geotechnics in a peripheral way,i.e.,engagement with the knowledge and experience base should be substantial).These three elements are termed“data centricity”,“fit for(and transform)practice”,and“geotechnical context”in the agenda.Given that a knowledge of the site is central to any geotechnical engineering project,datadriven site characterization(DDSC)must constitute one key application domain in data-centric geotechnics,although other infrastructure lifecycle phases such as project conceptualization,design,construction,operation,and decommission/reuse would benefit from data-informed decision support as well.One part of DDSC that addresses numerical soil data in a site investigation report and soil property databases is pursued under Project DeepGeo.In principle,the source of data can also go beyond site investigation,and the type of data can go beyond numbers,such as categorical data,text,audios,images,videos,and expert opinion.The purpose of Project DeepGeo is to produce a 3D stratigraphic map of the subsurface volume below a full-scale project site and to estimate relevant engineering properties at each spatial point based on actual site investigation data and other relevant Big Indirect Data(BID).Uncertainty quantification is necessary,as current real-world data is insufficient,incomplete,and/or not directly relevant to construct a deterministic map.The value of a deterministic map for decision support is debatable.The computational cost to do this for a 3D true scale subsurface volume must be reasonable.Ultimately,geotechnical structures need to be a part of a completely smart infrastructure that fits the circular economy and need to focus on delivering service to end-users and the community from project conceptualization to decommission/reuse with full integration to smart city and smart society.Although current geotechnical practice has been very successful in taking“calculated risk”informed by limited data,imperfect theories,prototype testing,observations,among others and exercising judicious caution and engineering judgment,there is no clear pathway forward to leverage on big data and digital technologies such as machine learning,BIM,and digital twin to meet more challenging needs such as sustainability and resilience engineering.展开更多
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over th...Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fields of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,field application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over th...Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fi elds of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,fi eld application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engi-neering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over t...Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engi-neering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fi elds of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,fi eld application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
The exploitation of quarries represents a strategic component of Morocco’s construction-materials sector,especially amid rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion.To ensure that extractive activities remain env...The exploitation of quarries represents a strategic component of Morocco’s construction-materials sector,especially amid rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion.To ensure that extractive activities remain environmentally sustainable and compliant with national regulations,this study applies a spatial suitability analysis based on Geographic Information Systems(GIS)and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)within the ArcGIS Pro environment.The methodology integrates six key criteria:lithology,slope gradient,hydrographic buffers,land-use/land-cover patterns,accessibility to transport networks,and exclusion of urbanized or ecologically sensitive zones.Each parameter was weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)to generate a composite suitability map for quarry site selection in north-western Morocco.The resulting classification shows that 18%of the total area is highly suitable,34%moderately suitable,and 48%unsuitable for sustainable quarrying.Priority zones occur mainly within carbonate formations in the Tangier–Assilah Province and,to a lesser extent,within Numidian flysch units in the Fahs-Anjra Province.These findings demonstrate that GIS–MCDA methods offer a robust and transparent framework for optimizing quarry site selection,reducing ecological risk,and improving decision-making for land-use planning and resource management in Morocco’s extractive sector.展开更多
Accurate soil classification is essential for pavement design;however,the traditional American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO)classification system relies on extensive laboratory test...Accurate soil classification is essential for pavement design;however,the traditional American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO)classification system relies on extensive laboratory testing and subjective judgment.This study presents an artificial intelligence(AI)enhanced framework for AASHTO soil classification.A synthetic dataset of 349,015 samples was generated using parameter ranges for five AASHTO input variables to support model development.Four machine learning models were trained,analyzed,and compared where the random forest(RF)consistently achieved the highest accuracy of 100%among the four models in predicting AASHTO soil groups.Feature importance analysis indicates that percent passing the No.200 sieve is the most influential factor,and under missing input scenarios.Additionally,the models remain reliable under partial input loss,though accuracy is most sensitive to the absence of percent passing the No.200 sieve,dropping to 85.8%,while all other variables maintain accuracies of at least 93.1%.Prediction uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations shows model performance within a 95%confidence interval.Overall,the proposed AI models can accurately and efficiently predict AASHTO soil groups using incomplete datasets for geotechnical engineering.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION Due to the sudden and highly destructive nature of slope rock collapse,developing effective early warning systems has become an urgent challenge in geotechnical engineering(Cai and Detournay,2024;Loew e...0 INTRODUCTION Due to the sudden and highly destructive nature of slope rock collapse,developing effective early warning systems has become an urgent challenge in geotechnical engineering(Cai and Detournay,2024;Loew et al.,2017).Traditional monitoring methods primarily target the acceleration stage preceding disasters(such as displacement monitoring for landslides and debris flows),which is effective for early warning of plastic collapse disasters but often inadequate for brittle failure modes(Walter et al.,2019;Chao et al.,2018;Crosta et al.,2017).展开更多
Deep coal mining rock support structures using rock bolts face complex geological conditions such as high ground temperatures and groundwater.Rock mass deformation and failure caused by bolt failure frequently occur,m...Deep coal mining rock support structures using rock bolts face complex geological conditions such as high ground temperatures and groundwater.Rock mass deformation and failure caused by bolt failure frequently occur,making it crucial to enhance the anchoring performance of rock bolts.First,the stress state of the anchor rod under axial loading across five stages of any anchored segment is analyzed.The shear stress patterns at the anchoring interface during different stages are elucidated.A refined mechanical model of the anchoring interface incorporating surface rib parameters is established.A failure criterion for the anchoring interface under the influence of ground temperature or groundwater is derived and validated.Second,the influence of anchor rib parameters on anchoring force is abalyzed,and in-situ shear tests are conducted.Results indicate that increasing the rib angle and optimizing rib spacing can enhance anchoring force.To minimize the shear component of axial force at the anchor interface,the rib angle of the anchor bolt should not be less than 70°.When the anchor grout possesses high inherent strength,the spacing between ribs on the anchor bolt surface may be increased(to 24 mm or greater).Finally,methods for enhancing the anchoring performance of bolts in deep complex strata are proposed,providing technical references for the safe and efficient support of tunnel rock masses in similar geological conditions.展开更多
Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the pri...Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.展开更多
Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PU...Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PUcR)emerge as pivotal components in sustainable practices.These materials are advocated for various purposes,including protecting utility tunnels,serving as railway subgrades,and enhancing structural resilience through geotechnical seismic isolation(GSI).Their inherent characteristics,such as modest shear modulus(G)and robust damping ratio(D),make them well-suited for such endeavors,contributing to sustainability goals by repurposing substantial quantities of non-biodegradable waste.For practicality,leveraging artificial intelligence(AI)-based modern computing techniques for recycled material applications is imperative.In this regard,gene expression programming(GEP)was utilized to develop models for predicting the G and D of rubber–soil mixtures(RSMs)and polyurethane-coated RSMs(PUcRSMs).Employing laboratory testing data from 63 samples across three soil types,the newly proposed models demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))values of 0.91 and 0.97 for G-prediction of RSM and PUcRSM,and 0.9 and 0.86 for D-prediction,respectively.Using AI-based methods,such as GEP to predict mixtures’dynamic response can cut laboratory costs and optimize mix designs,thereby advancing sustainable material applications.展开更多
Despite the extensive use of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)in monitoring underground structures,its potential in detecting structural anomalies,such as cracks and cavities,is still not fully understood.To contr...Despite the extensive use of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)in monitoring underground structures,its potential in detecting structural anomalies,such as cracks and cavities,is still not fully understood.To contribute to the identification of defects in underground structures,this study conducted a four-point bending test of a reinforced concrete(RC)beam and uniaxial loading tests of an RC specimen with local cavities.The experimental results revealed the disparity in DFOS strain spike profiles between these two structural anomalies.The effectiveness of DFOS in the quantification of crack opening displacement(COD)was also demonstrated,even in cases where perfect bonding was not achievable between the cable and structures.In addition,DFOS strain spikes observed in two diaphragm wall panels of a twin circular shaft were also reported.The most probable cause of those spikes was identified as the mechanical behavior associated with local concrete contamination.With the utilization of the strain profiles obtained from laboratory tests and field monitoring,three types of multi-classifiers,based on support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and backpropagation neural network(BP),were employed to classify strain profiles,including crack-induced spikes,non-crack-induced spikes,and non-spike strain profiles.Among these classifiers,the SVM-based classifier exhibited superior performance in terms of accuracy and model robustness.This finding suggests that the SVM-based classifier holds promise as a potential solution for the automatic detection and classification of defects in underground structures during long-term monitoring.展开更多
On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the...On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.展开更多
Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengin...Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengineering using vegetation and fungi and bio-inspired design in the applications of geotechnical engineering.The journal aims to publish original studies on the experimental and theoretical aspects of bio-mediated and bio-inspired solutions in the geotechnical system,including laboratory and field testing,computational methods,design principles and site investigation.展开更多
Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengin...Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengineering using vegetation and fungi and bio-inspired design in the applications of geotechnical engineering.展开更多
The rapid expansion of urban development has led to the extensive construction of civil infrastructures.However,these urban development zones frequently face potential geohazards,primarily due to the lack of detailed ...The rapid expansion of urban development has led to the extensive construction of civil infrastructures.However,these urban development zones frequently face potential geohazards,primarily due to the lack of detailed site investigations and long-term monitoring of subsurface geological conditions.Understanding the temporal and spatial distributions of underground multi-field information is vital for successful engineering construction and effective utilization of urban underground space.In this study,a fiber optic nerve system(FONS)was utilized in the Tianfu New Area,Sichuan Province,China,to obtain comprehensive subsurface multi-physical information,including geological deformation,temperature,and surface hydrological data.The FONS incorporates three advanced fiber optic sensing techniques,i.e.fiber Bragg grating(FBG),Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR),and Raman optical time domain reflectometry(ROTDR).Fully-and quasi-distributed strain/temperature sensing cables have been installed in nine monitoring boreholes,covering various geological features such as plains,terraces,and areas within active fault zones.The field monitoring results confirm the feasibility of employing FONS for geological investigations within urban development zones,offering a valuable reference for future applications of this cost-effective technology in geohazard mitigation.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(42007246)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘In this review paper,the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics are analyzed.Three environmental geotechnics scenarios,namely heavy metal contamination immobilization and removal,waste and CO_(2)containment,and recycled use of industrial byproducts,are discussed and evaluated regarding current trends and prospects.The biomineralization process,specifically the Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation(MICP)technology,is an effective solution for immobilizing heavy metals through co-precipitation with calcium carbonate,with successful results in cleaning up contaminated soils.The nature of biomineralization enhances earth material strength and decreases permeability,making it suitable for waste and CO_(2)containment.Additionally,using industrial byproducts in MICP technology can improve the physical,mechanical,and hydraulic properties of earth materials,making it a potential solution for efficient waste utilization.In conclusion,the applications of biomineralization in environmental geotechnics hold great promise for solving various environmental problems.However,further research is needed to better understand the control and consistency of biomineralization processes,the durability of biominerals,the scale of applications,and environmental concerns.
文摘High level of industrialization of northern regions of Russia cause significant pollution problems in the soil. The new approach based on fuzzy modeling for reception and processing of the geocryological information is offered. The technique and methodology of presentation of variables in a logic and linguistic way in a combination to elements of the experimental planning theory is developed. Comparison of the calculated data on model has shown its high adequacy of the experimental data of the various authors. The forecast of geoecological processes in cryolitozone on the basis of the described method will allow increasing reliability of the accepted design decisions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001)High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program(No.G2022165004L).
文摘As urbanization progresses,the demand for high-rise buildings and underground spaces is growing,and the need for firm geotechnical construction materials,efficient excavation methods,accurate testing instruments,and innovative geotechnical engineering theories and technologies is increasing.By investigating the phenomena of strengthening and toughening in nature,hydrophobic and ice-phobic,friction anisotropy and drilling as well as excavation,etc,researchers have found that organisms have distinctive external morphology and organization.By imitating the external morphology,structural characteristics or movement mechanism of organisms,novel ideas,new principles,and innovative theories can be provided for the innovation and sustainable development of geotechnical engineering.This paper mainly expounds on the bio-inspired application in geotechnical engineering from three perspectives:geo-materials,geotechnical components,and drilling&excavation equipment,and lists typical application cases.In conclusion,this paper presents a summary and prospects of bio-inspired geotechnical engineering,offering fundamental insights for future research.
文摘The Incan foundation techniques that have allowed the buildings of Machu Picchu to endure to the present are unknown.In this sense,one possible intervening factor is the proper application of geotechnical principles.This application guarantees the preservation of civil works through the effective management of local conditions and the physical and mechanical characteristics of soils.Therefore,the objective of this research was to determine whether geotechnics were related to the preservation of the Llaqta of Machu Picchu.For this purpose,three geotechnical factors were evaluated:1)local site conditions,2)physical and mechanical characteristics of the foundation soils,and 3)bearing capacity.These factors were observed in the natural context of the Machu Picchu buildings via in situ and laboratory tests with standardized,noninvasive,and nondestructive equipment and procedures.The results revealed that the foundation soils are composed of two strata:1)Inca Controlled Fill(ICF),made up of gravel,and 2)a granodioritic igneous rock massif,which has a strength of 320 kg/cm^(2) in situ and 771 kg/cm^(2) in the laboratory.The strata exhibit friction angles of 31°and 38°and densities of 1.94 and 2.34 Tn/m^(3),respectively.These geotechnical parameters yield a bearing capacity of 9.6 kg/cm^(2) under a vertical stress of 1,156 kg/cm^(2).Therefore,it is concluded that the Incas,possibly on the basis of ancestral wisdom and trial and error,empirically employed geotechnical principles,providing suitable conditions for the preservation of the buildings at Machu Picchu.
基金supported by the High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program(Grant No.G2022165004L)the Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2018-ZL-01)China Railway 20th Bureau Science and Technology Project(Grant No.YF1900SD07B).
文摘Root-inspired anchorage systems in the field of bio-inspired geotechnics are renowned for enhancing the pullout capacity of traditional geotechnical anchorage systems by simulating the morphology and architecture of plant root systems.However,limited studies have explored their practical applications,particularly in improving slope stability.To fill this gap,this study investigates the reinforcement effect of root-inspired anchors on slope stabilization using transparent soil modeling and 3D-printed anchors,and examines the impact of anchor branching patterns(i.e.branching numbers,branching angle,and branching nodes)on slope bearing capacity,shear band evolution,and temporal and spatial variation of slope deformation.The results show that peak slope bearing capacity increases with branching numbers and branching angles,correlating with the envelope area of the curved shear band.Upper anchors result in step-like deflections in the shear band near the trailing edge,while lower anchors convert the upward concave shear band into an upward convex one,thus increasing the slope bearing capacity.Slope deformation is minimized with intermediate branching parameters,such as a branching number of 4 and a branching angle of 45°.The anchor reinforcement mechanisms,i.e.anchor rod shear resistance,interface friction,anchor pullout capacity,and plate tightening effects,are comprehensively discussed,and the installation effects resulting from compromise slope modeling are identified as the contributors.These findings shed light on the failure process of root-inspired anchors reinforced slopes and provide a preliminary reference for potential applications,especially for the tradeoff between anchor branching,slope deformation,and slope stability.
文摘The purpose of this paper(presented online as a keynote lecture at the 25th Annual Indonesian Geotechnical Conference on 10 Nov 2021)is to broadly conceptualize the agenda for data-centric geotechnics,an emerging field that attempts to prepare geotechnical engineering for digital transformation.The agenda must include(1)development of methods that make sense of all real-world data(not selective input data for a physical model),(2)offering insights of significant value to critical real-world decisions for current or future practice(not decisions for an ideal world or decisions of minor concern to geotechnical engineers),and(3)sensitivity to the physical context of geotechnics(not abstract data-driven analysis connected to geotechnics in a peripheral way,i.e.,engagement with the knowledge and experience base should be substantial).These three elements are termed“data centricity”,“fit for(and transform)practice”,and“geotechnical context”in the agenda.Given that a knowledge of the site is central to any geotechnical engineering project,datadriven site characterization(DDSC)must constitute one key application domain in data-centric geotechnics,although other infrastructure lifecycle phases such as project conceptualization,design,construction,operation,and decommission/reuse would benefit from data-informed decision support as well.One part of DDSC that addresses numerical soil data in a site investigation report and soil property databases is pursued under Project DeepGeo.In principle,the source of data can also go beyond site investigation,and the type of data can go beyond numbers,such as categorical data,text,audios,images,videos,and expert opinion.The purpose of Project DeepGeo is to produce a 3D stratigraphic map of the subsurface volume below a full-scale project site and to estimate relevant engineering properties at each spatial point based on actual site investigation data and other relevant Big Indirect Data(BID).Uncertainty quantification is necessary,as current real-world data is insufficient,incomplete,and/or not directly relevant to construct a deterministic map.The value of a deterministic map for decision support is debatable.The computational cost to do this for a 3D true scale subsurface volume must be reasonable.Ultimately,geotechnical structures need to be a part of a completely smart infrastructure that fits the circular economy and need to focus on delivering service to end-users and the community from project conceptualization to decommission/reuse with full integration to smart city and smart society.Although current geotechnical practice has been very successful in taking“calculated risk”informed by limited data,imperfect theories,prototype testing,observations,among others and exercising judicious caution and engineering judgment,there is no clear pathway forward to leverage on big data and digital technologies such as machine learning,BIM,and digital twin to meet more challenging needs such as sustainability and resilience engineering.
文摘Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fields of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,field application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
文摘Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fi elds of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,fi eld application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
文摘Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engi-neering.It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fi elds of rock mechanics,geomechanics and geomaterials,geoenergy,petroleum engineering,engineering geology,mining engineering,hydraulic engineering,and soil mechanics.The topics covered include new theories,technologies and methods,in situ and laboratory tests,fi eld application and case studies,and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
文摘The exploitation of quarries represents a strategic component of Morocco’s construction-materials sector,especially amid rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion.To ensure that extractive activities remain environmentally sustainable and compliant with national regulations,this study applies a spatial suitability analysis based on Geographic Information Systems(GIS)and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)within the ArcGIS Pro environment.The methodology integrates six key criteria:lithology,slope gradient,hydrographic buffers,land-use/land-cover patterns,accessibility to transport networks,and exclusion of urbanized or ecologically sensitive zones.Each parameter was weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)to generate a composite suitability map for quarry site selection in north-western Morocco.The resulting classification shows that 18%of the total area is highly suitable,34%moderately suitable,and 48%unsuitable for sustainable quarrying.Priority zones occur mainly within carbonate formations in the Tangier–Assilah Province and,to a lesser extent,within Numidian flysch units in the Fahs-Anjra Province.These findings demonstrate that GIS–MCDA methods offer a robust and transparent framework for optimizing quarry site selection,reducing ecological risk,and improving decision-making for land-use planning and resource management in Morocco’s extractive sector.
文摘Accurate soil classification is essential for pavement design;however,the traditional American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO)classification system relies on extensive laboratory testing and subjective judgment.This study presents an artificial intelligence(AI)enhanced framework for AASHTO soil classification.A synthetic dataset of 349,015 samples was generated using parameter ranges for five AASHTO input variables to support model development.Four machine learning models were trained,analyzed,and compared where the random forest(RF)consistently achieved the highest accuracy of 100%among the four models in predicting AASHTO soil groups.Feature importance analysis indicates that percent passing the No.200 sieve is the most influential factor,and under missing input scenarios.Additionally,the models remain reliable under partial input loss,though accuracy is most sensitive to the absence of percent passing the No.200 sieve,dropping to 85.8%,while all other variables maintain accuracies of at least 93.1%.Prediction uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations shows model performance within a 95%confidence interval.Overall,the proposed AI models can accurately and efficiently predict AASHTO soil groups using incomplete datasets for geotechnical engineering.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3081400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41702371)+3 种基金the Open Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention in Deep Coal Mines(No.SKLMRDPC22KF13)the Supported by State key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control(Shandong University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education(No.DPEPM202502)the Open Fund Research Project Supported by State Key Laboratory of Strata Intelligent Control and Green Mining Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.SICGM202503)the Fund of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Facility Damage Mechanism and Protection in Highland Mountain Environment(No.LQ24KFJJ09)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION Due to the sudden and highly destructive nature of slope rock collapse,developing effective early warning systems has become an urgent challenge in geotechnical engineering(Cai and Detournay,2024;Loew et al.,2017).Traditional monitoring methods primarily target the acceleration stage preceding disasters(such as displacement monitoring for landslides and debris flows),which is effective for early warning of plastic collapse disasters but often inadequate for brittle failure modes(Walter et al.,2019;Chao et al.,2018;Crosta et al.,2017).
基金The Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2022AH050814)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment(East China Universityof Technology)(No.2022NRE07)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51964002,52174104)Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction of Ministry of Education(No.JYBGCZX2022105).
文摘Deep coal mining rock support structures using rock bolts face complex geological conditions such as high ground temperatures and groundwater.Rock mass deformation and failure caused by bolt failure frequently occur,making it crucial to enhance the anchoring performance of rock bolts.First,the stress state of the anchor rod under axial loading across five stages of any anchored segment is analyzed.The shear stress patterns at the anchoring interface during different stages are elucidated.A refined mechanical model of the anchoring interface incorporating surface rib parameters is established.A failure criterion for the anchoring interface under the influence of ground temperature or groundwater is derived and validated.Second,the influence of anchor rib parameters on anchoring force is abalyzed,and in-situ shear tests are conducted.Results indicate that increasing the rib angle and optimizing rib spacing can enhance anchoring force.To minimize the shear component of axial force at the anchor interface,the rib angle of the anchor bolt should not be less than 70°.When the anchor grout possesses high inherent strength,the spacing between ribs on the anchor bolt surface may be increased(to 24 mm or greater).Finally,methods for enhancing the anchoring performance of bolts in deep complex strata are proposed,providing technical references for the safe and efficient support of tunnel rock masses in similar geological conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42461160293 and 42230710)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20221250).
文摘Infrared thermal imaging technology has become a versatile and transformative tool in geotechnical engineering due to its non-contact,high-sensitivity,and real-time monitoring capabilities.This review explores the principles,applications,and future potential of infrared thermal imaging technology in the field.Key applications include measuring soil and rock properties,conducting geotechnical surveys,and monitoring geological hazards.Infrared thermal imaging technology has proven effective in detecting thermal anomalies,assessing geotechnical material characteristics,and monitoring hazards such as landslides and rockfalls.Despite its broad applications,challenges persist,including thermal interference,limitations in data processing,and complexities in technology integration.This review outlines advancements needed in algorithm optimization,integration with complementary technologies,and the expansion of applications into emerging areas such as ecological geotechnical engineering and heritage preservation.Addressing these challenges will unlock the full potential of infrared thermal imaging technology,positioning it as an essential tool for enhancing the safety,efficiency,and sustainability of geotechnical engineering practices.
文摘Frugal innovation stands as an imperative cog in the wheel of sustainable development.In the pursuit of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and environmental compatibility,waste tire rubber and polyurethane-coated rubber(PUcR)emerge as pivotal components in sustainable practices.These materials are advocated for various purposes,including protecting utility tunnels,serving as railway subgrades,and enhancing structural resilience through geotechnical seismic isolation(GSI).Their inherent characteristics,such as modest shear modulus(G)and robust damping ratio(D),make them well-suited for such endeavors,contributing to sustainability goals by repurposing substantial quantities of non-biodegradable waste.For practicality,leveraging artificial intelligence(AI)-based modern computing techniques for recycled material applications is imperative.In this regard,gene expression programming(GEP)was utilized to develop models for predicting the G and D of rubber–soil mixtures(RSMs)and polyurethane-coated RSMs(PUcRSMs).Employing laboratory testing data from 63 samples across three soil types,the newly proposed models demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))values of 0.91 and 0.97 for G-prediction of RSM and PUcRSM,and 0.9 and 0.86 for D-prediction,respectively.Using AI-based methods,such as GEP to predict mixtures’dynamic response can cut laboratory costs and optimize mix designs,thereby advancing sustainable material applications.
基金support from the Open Research Project Programme of the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City,University of Macao (Grant No.SKL-IoTSC (UM)-2021-2023/ORPF/A19/2022)the General Research Fund project from Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government of China (Grant No.15214722)the Start-up Fund from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Grant No.BD88).
文摘Despite the extensive use of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)in monitoring underground structures,its potential in detecting structural anomalies,such as cracks and cavities,is still not fully understood.To contribute to the identification of defects in underground structures,this study conducted a four-point bending test of a reinforced concrete(RC)beam and uniaxial loading tests of an RC specimen with local cavities.The experimental results revealed the disparity in DFOS strain spike profiles between these two structural anomalies.The effectiveness of DFOS in the quantification of crack opening displacement(COD)was also demonstrated,even in cases where perfect bonding was not achievable between the cable and structures.In addition,DFOS strain spikes observed in two diaphragm wall panels of a twin circular shaft were also reported.The most probable cause of those spikes was identified as the mechanical behavior associated with local concrete contamination.With the utilization of the strain profiles obtained from laboratory tests and field monitoring,three types of multi-classifiers,based on support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and backpropagation neural network(BP),were employed to classify strain profiles,including crack-induced spikes,non-crack-induced spikes,and non-spike strain profiles.Among these classifiers,the SVM-based classifier exhibited superior performance in terms of accuracy and model robustness.This finding suggests that the SVM-based classifier holds promise as a potential solution for the automatic detection and classification of defects in underground structures during long-term monitoring.
文摘On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.
文摘Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengineering using vegetation and fungi and bio-inspired design in the applications of geotechnical engineering.The journal aims to publish original studies on the experimental and theoretical aspects of bio-mediated and bio-inspired solutions in the geotechnical system,including laboratory and field testing,computational methods,design principles and site investigation.
文摘Biogeotechnics is an interdisciplinary journal that bridges the gap between bioengineering,bionics and earth science engineering,particularly in the areas of bio-mediated design such as biomineralization,soil bioengineering using vegetation and fungi and bio-inspired design in the applications of geotechnical engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225702 and 42077235).
文摘The rapid expansion of urban development has led to the extensive construction of civil infrastructures.However,these urban development zones frequently face potential geohazards,primarily due to the lack of detailed site investigations and long-term monitoring of subsurface geological conditions.Understanding the temporal and spatial distributions of underground multi-field information is vital for successful engineering construction and effective utilization of urban underground space.In this study,a fiber optic nerve system(FONS)was utilized in the Tianfu New Area,Sichuan Province,China,to obtain comprehensive subsurface multi-physical information,including geological deformation,temperature,and surface hydrological data.The FONS incorporates three advanced fiber optic sensing techniques,i.e.fiber Bragg grating(FBG),Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR),and Raman optical time domain reflectometry(ROTDR).Fully-and quasi-distributed strain/temperature sensing cables have been installed in nine monitoring boreholes,covering various geological features such as plains,terraces,and areas within active fault zones.The field monitoring results confirm the feasibility of employing FONS for geological investigations within urban development zones,offering a valuable reference for future applications of this cost-effective technology in geohazard mitigation.
