Geopolitics of energy transition has increasingly become the frontier and hot research area of world energy geography and global political science.Different historical periods are characterised by obvious differences ...Geopolitics of energy transition has increasingly become the frontier and hot research area of world energy geography and global political science.Different historical periods are characterised by obvious differences in energy connotations,attributes,and geopolitical characteristics.In the new energy era,energy geopolitics becomes more diversified,complex,and comprehensive.In this paper,we compare the geopolitical characteristics of energy in the fossil fuel and renewable energy periods,and provide an overview of current study trends in new energy geopolitics.Recent research shows that the global energy transition will intensify the reconstruction of geopolitical patterns,change the relationship between geopolitical security and conflict dominated by traditional energy security,alter the role of different countries in global energy geopolitical games,reshape national energy relationships formed in the traditional oil and gas era.In addition,geopolitics will be affected by new energy technologies,availability of key rare materials,and energy cybersecurity measures.Despite considerable attention to this research topic,the likely geopolitical impact of energy transition remains uncertain,and there is still room for the development and improvement of the theoretical framework,technical methods,and research perspective.Looking forward to the future,the research into geopolitics of energy transition urgently needs to strengthen its theoretical basis and rely on the scientific and quantitative methods.The practical conclusions of the research into geopolitics of energy transition should strengthen major national energy security decisions,explore the geographical effect of energy transition,and determine the impact of energy transition on energy security.Research into geopolitics of energy transition should be carried out taking into account international academic frontiers such as climate change,“carbon peak”and“carbon neutral”goals,and global energy governance,to enrich the research perspective of world energy geography.展开更多
The world is currently undergoing profound changes, with a shift in global power centers and reordering of international power spaces, assigning new theoretical tasks as well as providing new opportunities for geopoli...The world is currently undergoing profound changes, with a shift in global power centers and reordering of international power spaces, assigning new theoretical tasks as well as providing new opportunities for geopolitics research in China. Despite the peripheral nature of geopolitics research within their discipline, geographers have played a fundamental role in its origins and revival, from classical geopolitics（i.e., the German school of geopolitics and the Anglo-American school of geo-strategy）, to internal geopolitics（i.e., electoral geography and administrative geography）, to the new geopolitics（i.e., formal geopolitics）, and to recent critical geopolitics（i.e., popular geopolitics）. Although only few of these researchers were from China, great strides have been made in geopolitics and political geography research in China, with useful results being obtained. After demonstrating the importance of geopolitics research for the rising China, this review provides an overview of geopolitics papers led by China＇s geographers in the past few decades, describing their achievements, the problems they have faced, and the directions they have taken. Twenty-five years of geopolitics have produced a range of accomplishments, with a growth in the quality and size of research groups and institutions, an expanding literature, and some geo-strategic breakthroughs. Obviously, geographers have successfully reclaimed geopolitics, but some crucial topics are still absent or weak in the geopolitical research agenda, and need to be pursued vigorously. Most of the attention, from a positivistic perspective, has been paid to reflecting Western geopolitical thoughts, describing patterns of international power relations, and offering foreign policy advice（in a problem-focused orientation）, rather than determining mechanisms and performing theoretical analyses（in a theoretical orientation）, resulting in a lack of independent value judgments and of a theoretical basis for the subject. Moreover, in comparison with other disciplines, in terms of its academic community, research output, and status as a discipline, geopolitics research is very different from how it was three or four decades ago, when it was mainly the property of geographers, rather than political scientists and diplomats. For now, whether to support national geo-strategies or to enhance the diversity of the discipline, the involvement of geographers in geopolitics needs to become both more intensive and more extensive. The top priority is to strengthen theoretical, methodological, and problem- oriented research, including studies of geopolitical philosophy and methodology, the theoretical framework of the subject, global geopolitical evolution and shifts in power space, the roles of major powers and their geo-strategies, as well as China＇s surrounding geopolitical environment.展开更多
Taking the rising and declining in Geopolitics as the main lines, this paper reviews the history of the annihilation, revival and deveopment in geoplitics since the 1970s. The ideas and propositions about the world ge...Taking the rising and declining in Geopolitics as the main lines, this paper reviews the history of the annihilation, revival and deveopment in geoplitics since the 1970s. The ideas and propositions about the world geopolitical structure after the end of Cold War, proposed by the Westem geopolitical strategists, have been introduced and assessed. About the geopolitical strategies of China in the world geopolotical structure in the future, the authors propose framework ideas. The aim of the paper is to join discussions and researches on the geopolitical strategies, and to promote the subject construction and development of human geography including Geopolitics and Political Geography.展开更多
As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in ...As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in order to maintain and develop the broad interests of the United States in cyberspace.However,in recent years,the US digital diplomacy has encountered internal and external communication barriers,especially after the 2008 financial crisis,the US government no longer has the strength to support its diplomatic actions.At the same time,a small number of large technology companies are beginning to compete for geopolitical influence using their own financial and technological advantages as well,including Tesla President Musk,whose expansion in Starlink technology in the Ukraine crisis is an act of bringing his own funds technology to participate in U.S.digital diplomacy.展开更多
Currently,the problem of climate change is already far beyond the category of scientific research,and it affects the economic operation mode,interests pattern,and geographical relationships and becomes the focus of gl...Currently,the problem of climate change is already far beyond the category of scientific research,and it affects the economic operation mode,interests pattern,and geographical relationships and becomes the focus of global governance.During the transition period of the international economic and social development and the critical transformation period of the world geopolitical pattern reorganization,China's industrialization is still at the intermediate stage,and tackling with climate change is also China's internal demand under this development stage.With more influence of climate change on national competitiveness,climate change and geopolitics present complex multiple relations,and climate change in the era of geopolitical landscape gradually affected the national strategy and diplomacy.This article offered some relevant suggestions based on evaluating the new geopolitical characteristics of climate change:(1)weighing of interests and properly handling the complex relations among major powers during international climate negotiations;(2)strengthening risk judgments and actively cooperating with the United States and the European Union on energy and climate change;(3)relying on the"One Belt(Silk Road Economic Belt)and One Road(twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road)"to ensure China's energy security and actively participating in the global energy governance;(4)strengthening the"south-south cooperation"mechanism innovation and increasing the investment.展开更多
The paper deals with the political visions of a famous Georgian scientist and public figure Victor Nozadze （1893-1975）. It refers to Nozadze＇s attempts to comprehend Georgia and Caucasus through the concepts and ca...The paper deals with the political visions of a famous Georgian scientist and public figure Victor Nozadze （1893-1975）. It refers to Nozadze＇s attempts to comprehend Georgia and Caucasus through the concepts and categories of the new discipline of those times--geopolitics. The study uncovers the main propositions of his work On the Geopolitics of the Caucasus （A Struggle for Oil） which could be considered as one of the seminal works in the history of the geopolitical thought of Georgia. The paper argues that Nozadze was significantly influenced by the works of a German geo-politician Erich Obst and he became interested in the problems of geopolitics through the publications appearing in the Journal of Geopolitics. The study proves that geopolitical analysis of Obst and Nozadze are not contradictory; rather they deal with the different geopolitical aspects. The study proposes the geopolitical conception of Victor Nozadze, which could be formulated as follows： for the empires of the old and contemporary times of Caucasus was ＂an area of growth and enlargement＂, ＂an area of competition of geopolitical powers＂, the place where ＂all imperial powers clash each-other＂, ＂Caucasus was and remains an area of competition of geopolitical powers.＂ According to Victor Nozadze, the Transcaucasia was a single entity in geographic terms and due to its geographical location Georgia always strove towards acquiring a leading role in the unification of the Caucasus. He assumed that Georgia should have maintained the same role in the future as well. Although he was well aware of those aspects which hindered the unity of the Caucasus： contradictions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as the different foreign orientations of these people. Although he considered continuation of attempts for unification of the Caucasus as a necessity and tried to justify this claim through the norms and rules of geopolitics.展开更多
On August 15,Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S.President Donald Trump met in Anchorage,Alaska,the U.S.Their meeting was the first face-to-face engagement between the top leaders of the two major powers since th...On August 15,Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S.President Donald Trump met in Anchorage,Alaska,the U.S.Their meeting was the first face-to-face engagement between the top leaders of the two major powers since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022.Although the talks yielded no dramatic breakthroughs,they sent a clear signal from both sides:A deadlock in a contest calls for a strategic adjustment.展开更多
The relationship between China and the Philippines is a tapestry woven over a millennium,colored by threads of commerce,culture,and kinship.While modern diplomatic relations were formally established on June 9,1975,th...The relationship between China and the Philippines is a tapestry woven over a millennium,colored by threads of commerce,culture,and kinship.While modern diplomatic relations were formally established on June 9,1975,the foundation of this partnership was laid centuries before any official stateto-state ties.This long history provides a crucial context for understanding the current geopolitical landscape and underscores the immense value of preserving this enduring friendship for future generations.展开更多
China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics...China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.展开更多
The“return to the Asia-Pacific”policy and the“Asia-Pacific rebalancing”policy during the Obama period marked the germination of the Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States,and since then,the Indo-Pacific strate...The“return to the Asia-Pacific”policy and the“Asia-Pacific rebalancing”policy during the Obama period marked the germination of the Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States,and since then,the Indo-Pacific strategy has been continuously strengthened by the two administrations of Trump and Biden(Ling,2023).In order to stop China from rising,the United States has been trying to draw the ten ASEAN countries which are geographically close to China to American side.However,due to the different national conditions and the different needs of the ten countries,it is difficult for the United States to keep ASEAN’s attitude towards China consistent under the frame of Indo-Pacific strategy.Therefore,this paper will analyze the different attitudes of the ten countries towards China respectively,so as to help China formulate better policies and find better ways to cope with America’s containment of China’s rise and maintain regional and world peace.展开更多
As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegr...As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegrate.There are more and more claims in the world,especially within the West,that the West has come to an end.Whether the West has ended or is heading toward its end is still a matter of opinion.However,it is undeniable that major problems have emerged within the West and some fundamental changes have taken place.Moreover,due to their structural reasons,these changes are not temporary and are likely to be a long-term trend.The West has long played an important role in many areas such as international politics,economy,and security.Its major changes will inevitably have a profound impact on the world order.The West will be further divided,and the opposition and confrontation between the West and non-West may tend to fade.The multipolarization of the world and the democratization of international relations will accelerate.展开更多
As the international environment changes,frequent geopolitical crises continue to hinder the healthy development of global stock markets.To analyze in-depth the risk contagion path between the international stock mark...As the international environment changes,frequent geopolitical crises continue to hinder the healthy development of global stock markets.To analyze in-depth the risk contagion path between the international stock market and geopolitics under the impact of extreme events,this paper explores the tail risk interactive contagion mechanism and dynamic effects of the double-layer network between the international stock market and geopolitics from the perspective of complex networks.Empirical research finds that geopolitical conflicts exacerbate risk contagion among international stock markets,and there are significant differences in risk contagion between developed and emerging economies.The analysis of the complex interaction effect in the doublelayer network of the international stock market and geopolitics shows that the intralayer risk spillover effect of geopolitics in the short term is significantly higher than that of the stock price volatility network layer.Finally,the study on the dynamic changes of the double-layer network connectedness between the international stock market and geopolitics found that the shock of extreme events,such as military conflict and public health security,is an important factor in triggering the cross-contagion of risks.The research conclusions provide new ideas for preventing the cross-contagion of geopolitical risks in the stock markets of various countries under the evolution of the global political and economic pattern.展开更多
Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business envir...Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.展开更多
Since 2020,the global energy market has faced persistent disruptions due to geological tensions and the economic competition among great nations,with liquefied natural gas(LNG)emerging as a vital instrument in balanci...Since 2020,the global energy market has faced persistent disruptions due to geological tensions and the economic competition among great nations,with liquefied natural gas(LNG)emerging as a vital instrument in balancing energy security and transition within the global carbon neutrality framework.This study reviewed the global LNG market from 2020 to 2024 through prices,trade flows,liquefaction capacity,shipping,and regasification infrastructure to provide medium-and long-term market outlooks in terms of supply,demand,trade,liquefaction capacity,and prices.The following research results were obtained:(1)The global LNG market underwent profound reconstruction between 2020 and 2024,with natural gas prices retreating sharply after a period of extreme volatility.(2)LNG trade flows were fundamentally reshaped by a pronounced shift toward Europe,disrupting the traditional Asia-centric landscape.(3)Liquefaction capacity growth decelerated,with the United States surpassing Australia to become the world's largest market in terms of liquefaction capacity.(4)Global natural gas production is poised for steady growth,while demand retains substantial potential,driven by both economic expansion and energy transition.(5)A forthcoming wave of liquefaction projects is expected to create a less restricted supply-demand market balance,which would likely lead to diverging price paths and narrower spreads between major hubs.The LNG industry faces promising opportunities from energy transition and digitalization,particularly for floating storage regasification units and small-scale LNG,while confronting major challenges,including persistent geopolitical tensions,shipping route uncertainties,and increasing dependence on the pace of renewable energy deployment.展开更多
FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping po...FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”展开更多
BRICS cooperation mechanism grows stronger amid rising global uncertainties Against a backdrop of escalating geopolitical tensions,economic fragmentation and climate crises,the two-day 17th BRICS Summit concluded in R...BRICS cooperation mechanism grows stronger amid rising global uncertainties Against a backdrop of escalating geopolitical tensions,economic fragmentation and climate crises,the two-day 17th BRICS Summit concluded in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,on 7 July,with a resounding commitment to deepen collaboration among member states and expand the group’s influence in shaping a more equitable global order.展开更多
AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives ...AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives for investors in technological industries,despite the risks associated with rising costs of goods.By analyzing global data(8 September 2020–9 September 2023)via cross-quantilogram,recursive cross-quantilogram and quantile vector autoregressive approaches,this study reveals how Russia–Ukraine geopolitical risk,sovereign inflation–linked bonds,rare earth and metallic mineral prices disrupt AI-driven fintech outputs.Key findings indicate that rising rare earth prices suppress fintech productivity in long-term growth periods,whereas sovereign inflation-linked bonds mitigate short-term inflationary risk.Geopolitical turmoil disproportionately harms fintech outputs during market downturns,with both mineral price volatility and conflict-driven shocks amplifying systemic instability in fintech outputs and sovereign inflation-linked bonds.These results urge policymakers to secure critical mineral supply chains,promote inflation-hedging financial instruments,and foster international cooperation to buffer AI-driven fintech sectors against geopolitical and resource-driven disruptions.展开更多
As the world navigates through a period of profound geopolitical and economic realignment,the recently unveiled Recommendations for China’s 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030)offer a timely and resolute vision.At its core...As the world navigates through a period of profound geopolitical and economic realignment,the recently unveiled Recommendations for China’s 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030)offer a timely and resolute vision.At its core lies a commitment to promote high-standard opening up and break new ground in pursuing win-win outcomes,and to advance the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.展开更多
When the G20 was created in 1999 in the wake of the Asian financial crisis,few imagined it would one day become the nerve centre of global governance.Twenty-six years later,the G20 members,which represent 85 percent o...When the G20 was created in 1999 in the wake of the Asian financial crisis,few imagined it would one day become the nerve centre of global governance.Twenty-six years later,the G20 members,which represent 85 percent of the global GDP and two-thirds of the world population,are once again navigating a turbulent era marked by geopolitical rivalry,economic fragmentation and widening inequality.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42022007,No.41871118Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS,No.2018069。
文摘Geopolitics of energy transition has increasingly become the frontier and hot research area of world energy geography and global political science.Different historical periods are characterised by obvious differences in energy connotations,attributes,and geopolitical characteristics.In the new energy era,energy geopolitics becomes more diversified,complex,and comprehensive.In this paper,we compare the geopolitical characteristics of energy in the fossil fuel and renewable energy periods,and provide an overview of current study trends in new energy geopolitics.Recent research shows that the global energy transition will intensify the reconstruction of geopolitical patterns,change the relationship between geopolitical security and conflict dominated by traditional energy security,alter the role of different countries in global energy geopolitical games,reshape national energy relationships formed in the traditional oil and gas era.In addition,geopolitics will be affected by new energy technologies,availability of key rare materials,and energy cybersecurity measures.Despite considerable attention to this research topic,the likely geopolitical impact of energy transition remains uncertain,and there is still room for the development and improvement of the theoretical framework,technical methods,and research perspective.Looking forward to the future,the research into geopolitics of energy transition urgently needs to strengthen its theoretical basis and rely on the scientific and quantitative methods.The practical conclusions of the research into geopolitics of energy transition should strengthen major national energy security decisions,explore the geographical effect of energy transition,and determine the impact of energy transition on energy security.Research into geopolitics of energy transition should be carried out taking into account international academic frontiers such as climate change,“carbon peak”and“carbon neutral”goals,and global energy governance,to enrich the research perspective of world energy geography.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41471108,No.41501141,No.41571123
文摘The world is currently undergoing profound changes, with a shift in global power centers and reordering of international power spaces, assigning new theoretical tasks as well as providing new opportunities for geopolitics research in China. Despite the peripheral nature of geopolitics research within their discipline, geographers have played a fundamental role in its origins and revival, from classical geopolitics（i.e., the German school of geopolitics and the Anglo-American school of geo-strategy）, to internal geopolitics（i.e., electoral geography and administrative geography）, to the new geopolitics（i.e., formal geopolitics）, and to recent critical geopolitics（i.e., popular geopolitics）. Although only few of these researchers were from China, great strides have been made in geopolitics and political geography research in China, with useful results being obtained. After demonstrating the importance of geopolitics research for the rising China, this review provides an overview of geopolitics papers led by China＇s geographers in the past few decades, describing their achievements, the problems they have faced, and the directions they have taken. Twenty-five years of geopolitics have produced a range of accomplishments, with a growth in the quality and size of research groups and institutions, an expanding literature, and some geo-strategic breakthroughs. Obviously, geographers have successfully reclaimed geopolitics, but some crucial topics are still absent or weak in the geopolitical research agenda, and need to be pursued vigorously. Most of the attention, from a positivistic perspective, has been paid to reflecting Western geopolitical thoughts, describing patterns of international power relations, and offering foreign policy advice（in a problem-focused orientation）, rather than determining mechanisms and performing theoretical analyses（in a theoretical orientation）, resulting in a lack of independent value judgments and of a theoretical basis for the subject. Moreover, in comparison with other disciplines, in terms of its academic community, research output, and status as a discipline, geopolitics research is very different from how it was three or four decades ago, when it was mainly the property of geographers, rather than political scientists and diplomats. For now, whether to support national geo-strategies or to enhance the diversity of the discipline, the involvement of geographers in geopolitics needs to become both more intensive and more extensive. The top priority is to strengthen theoretical, methodological, and problem- oriented research, including studies of geopolitical philosophy and methodology, the theoretical framework of the subject, global geopolitical evolution and shifts in power space, the roles of major powers and their geo-strategies, as well as China＇s surrounding geopolitical environment.
文摘Taking the rising and declining in Geopolitics as the main lines, this paper reviews the history of the annihilation, revival and deveopment in geoplitics since the 1970s. The ideas and propositions about the world geopolitical structure after the end of Cold War, proposed by the Westem geopolitical strategists, have been introduced and assessed. About the geopolitical strategies of China in the world geopolotical structure in the future, the authors propose framework ideas. The aim of the paper is to join discussions and researches on the geopolitical strategies, and to promote the subject construction and development of human geography including Geopolitics and Political Geography.
基金National Social Science Fund Project:Research on the Construction of Institutional Discourse Right in Global Governance-An Empirical Study Based on Sino-Russian Media Communication,No.16AZD05.
文摘As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in order to maintain and develop the broad interests of the United States in cyberspace.However,in recent years,the US digital diplomacy has encountered internal and external communication barriers,especially after the 2008 financial crisis,the US government no longer has the strength to support its diplomatic actions.At the same time,a small number of large technology companies are beginning to compete for geopolitical influence using their own financial and technological advantages as well,including Tesla President Musk,whose expansion in Starlink technology in the Ukraine crisis is an act of bringing his own funds technology to participate in U.S.digital diplomacy.
基金supported by Chinese Clean Development Mechanism Fund[grant number 2013034]
文摘Currently,the problem of climate change is already far beyond the category of scientific research,and it affects the economic operation mode,interests pattern,and geographical relationships and becomes the focus of global governance.During the transition period of the international economic and social development and the critical transformation period of the world geopolitical pattern reorganization,China's industrialization is still at the intermediate stage,and tackling with climate change is also China's internal demand under this development stage.With more influence of climate change on national competitiveness,climate change and geopolitics present complex multiple relations,and climate change in the era of geopolitical landscape gradually affected the national strategy and diplomacy.This article offered some relevant suggestions based on evaluating the new geopolitical characteristics of climate change:(1)weighing of interests and properly handling the complex relations among major powers during international climate negotiations;(2)strengthening risk judgments and actively cooperating with the United States and the European Union on energy and climate change;(3)relying on the"One Belt(Silk Road Economic Belt)and One Road(twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road)"to ensure China's energy security and actively participating in the global energy governance;(4)strengthening the"south-south cooperation"mechanism innovation and increasing the investment.
文摘The paper deals with the political visions of a famous Georgian scientist and public figure Victor Nozadze （1893-1975）. It refers to Nozadze＇s attempts to comprehend Georgia and Caucasus through the concepts and categories of the new discipline of those times--geopolitics. The study uncovers the main propositions of his work On the Geopolitics of the Caucasus （A Struggle for Oil） which could be considered as one of the seminal works in the history of the geopolitical thought of Georgia. The paper argues that Nozadze was significantly influenced by the works of a German geo-politician Erich Obst and he became interested in the problems of geopolitics through the publications appearing in the Journal of Geopolitics. The study proves that geopolitical analysis of Obst and Nozadze are not contradictory; rather they deal with the different geopolitical aspects. The study proposes the geopolitical conception of Victor Nozadze, which could be formulated as follows： for the empires of the old and contemporary times of Caucasus was ＂an area of growth and enlargement＂, ＂an area of competition of geopolitical powers＂, the place where ＂all imperial powers clash each-other＂, ＂Caucasus was and remains an area of competition of geopolitical powers.＂ According to Victor Nozadze, the Transcaucasia was a single entity in geographic terms and due to its geographical location Georgia always strove towards acquiring a leading role in the unification of the Caucasus. He assumed that Georgia should have maintained the same role in the future as well. Although he was well aware of those aspects which hindered the unity of the Caucasus： contradictions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as the different foreign orientations of these people. Although he considered continuation of attempts for unification of the Caucasus as a necessity and tried to justify this claim through the norms and rules of geopolitics.
文摘On August 15,Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S.President Donald Trump met in Anchorage,Alaska,the U.S.Their meeting was the first face-to-face engagement between the top leaders of the two major powers since the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022.Although the talks yielded no dramatic breakthroughs,they sent a clear signal from both sides:A deadlock in a contest calls for a strategic adjustment.
文摘The relationship between China and the Philippines is a tapestry woven over a millennium,colored by threads of commerce,culture,and kinship.While modern diplomatic relations were formally established on June 9,1975,the foundation of this partnership was laid centuries before any official stateto-state ties.This long history provides a crucial context for understanding the current geopolitical landscape and underscores the immense value of preserving this enduring friendship for future generations.
文摘China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.
文摘The“return to the Asia-Pacific”policy and the“Asia-Pacific rebalancing”policy during the Obama period marked the germination of the Indo-Pacific strategy of the United States,and since then,the Indo-Pacific strategy has been continuously strengthened by the two administrations of Trump and Biden(Ling,2023).In order to stop China from rising,the United States has been trying to draw the ten ASEAN countries which are geographically close to China to American side.However,due to the different national conditions and the different needs of the ten countries,it is difficult for the United States to keep ASEAN’s attitude towards China consistent under the frame of Indo-Pacific strategy.Therefore,this paper will analyze the different attitudes of the ten countries towards China respectively,so as to help China formulate better policies and find better ways to cope with America’s containment of China’s rise and maintain regional and world peace.
文摘As a geopolitical bloc,the West is suffering unprecedented shocks.Once shared values are beginning to collapse,the shared security concept is rapidly diverging,and the shared view of order is also tending to disintegrate.There are more and more claims in the world,especially within the West,that the West has come to an end.Whether the West has ended or is heading toward its end is still a matter of opinion.However,it is undeniable that major problems have emerged within the West and some fundamental changes have taken place.Moreover,due to their structural reasons,these changes are not temporary and are likely to be a long-term trend.The West has long played an important role in many areas such as international politics,economy,and security.Its major changes will inevitably have a profound impact on the world order.The West will be further divided,and the opposition and confrontation between the West and non-West may tend to fade.The multipolarization of the world and the democratization of international relations will accelerate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72271135,72141304,71901130)National Social Science Fund of China(22&ZD117)+3 种基金Laboratory of Computation and Analyticsof Complex Management Systems(Tianjin University)Special Funds for Taishan Scholars(tsqn202211120)2024 QingdaoFinance Society Key Project2024 Qingdao Social Science Planning Project.
文摘As the international environment changes,frequent geopolitical crises continue to hinder the healthy development of global stock markets.To analyze in-depth the risk contagion path between the international stock market and geopolitics under the impact of extreme events,this paper explores the tail risk interactive contagion mechanism and dynamic effects of the double-layer network between the international stock market and geopolitics from the perspective of complex networks.Empirical research finds that geopolitical conflicts exacerbate risk contagion among international stock markets,and there are significant differences in risk contagion between developed and emerging economies.The analysis of the complex interaction effect in the doublelayer network of the international stock market and geopolitics shows that the intralayer risk spillover effect of geopolitics in the short term is significantly higher than that of the stock price volatility network layer.Finally,the study on the dynamic changes of the double-layer network connectedness between the international stock market and geopolitics found that the shock of extreme events,such as military conflict and public health security,is an important factor in triggering the cross-contagion of risks.The research conclusions provide new ideas for preventing the cross-contagion of geopolitical risks in the stock markets of various countries under the evolution of the global political and economic pattern.
基金CAS-ANSO Sustainable Development Research Project,No.CAS-ANSO-SDRP-2024-08National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071153,No.41101119。
文摘Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.
文摘Since 2020,the global energy market has faced persistent disruptions due to geological tensions and the economic competition among great nations,with liquefied natural gas(LNG)emerging as a vital instrument in balancing energy security and transition within the global carbon neutrality framework.This study reviewed the global LNG market from 2020 to 2024 through prices,trade flows,liquefaction capacity,shipping,and regasification infrastructure to provide medium-and long-term market outlooks in terms of supply,demand,trade,liquefaction capacity,and prices.The following research results were obtained:(1)The global LNG market underwent profound reconstruction between 2020 and 2024,with natural gas prices retreating sharply after a period of extreme volatility.(2)LNG trade flows were fundamentally reshaped by a pronounced shift toward Europe,disrupting the traditional Asia-centric landscape.(3)Liquefaction capacity growth decelerated,with the United States surpassing Australia to become the world's largest market in terms of liquefaction capacity.(4)Global natural gas production is poised for steady growth,while demand retains substantial potential,driven by both economic expansion and energy transition.(5)A forthcoming wave of liquefaction projects is expected to create a less restricted supply-demand market balance,which would likely lead to diverging price paths and narrower spreads between major hubs.The LNG industry faces promising opportunities from energy transition and digitalization,particularly for floating storage regasification units and small-scale LNG,while confronting major challenges,including persistent geopolitical tensions,shipping route uncertainties,and increasing dependence on the pace of renewable energy deployment.
文摘FIVE decades have passed since China and the European Union(EU)established diplomatic relations.In his phone call with Antonio Costa,president of the European Council,on January 14,2025,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out an important feature of China-EU relations:“There exists no clash of fundamental interests or geopolitical conflicts between China and the EU,making them partners that can contribute to each other’s success.”
文摘BRICS cooperation mechanism grows stronger amid rising global uncertainties Against a backdrop of escalating geopolitical tensions,economic fragmentation and climate crises,the two-day 17th BRICS Summit concluded in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,on 7 July,with a resounding commitment to deepen collaboration among member states and expand the group’s influence in shaping a more equitable global order.
基金supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation(RSF Code:23-18-01065).
文摘AI-driven fintech industries face critical vulnerabilities from volatile rare earth and metallic mineral prices,geopolitical instability,and inflationary pressures.Sovereign inflation-linked bonds serve as incentives for investors in technological industries,despite the risks associated with rising costs of goods.By analyzing global data(8 September 2020–9 September 2023)via cross-quantilogram,recursive cross-quantilogram and quantile vector autoregressive approaches,this study reveals how Russia–Ukraine geopolitical risk,sovereign inflation–linked bonds,rare earth and metallic mineral prices disrupt AI-driven fintech outputs.Key findings indicate that rising rare earth prices suppress fintech productivity in long-term growth periods,whereas sovereign inflation-linked bonds mitigate short-term inflationary risk.Geopolitical turmoil disproportionately harms fintech outputs during market downturns,with both mineral price volatility and conflict-driven shocks amplifying systemic instability in fintech outputs and sovereign inflation-linked bonds.These results urge policymakers to secure critical mineral supply chains,promote inflation-hedging financial instruments,and foster international cooperation to buffer AI-driven fintech sectors against geopolitical and resource-driven disruptions.
文摘As the world navigates through a period of profound geopolitical and economic realignment,the recently unveiled Recommendations for China’s 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030)offer a timely and resolute vision.At its core lies a commitment to promote high-standard opening up and break new ground in pursuing win-win outcomes,and to advance the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
文摘When the G20 was created in 1999 in the wake of the Asian financial crisis,few imagined it would one day become the nerve centre of global governance.Twenty-six years later,the G20 members,which represent 85 percent of the global GDP and two-thirds of the world population,are once again navigating a turbulent era marked by geopolitical rivalry,economic fragmentation and widening inequality.
