Integrity and disparity are two of the basic characteristics implied in the scientific connotation of the physical environment as a material system. From a dialectical materialistic point of view the physical characte...Integrity and disparity are two of the basic characteristics implied in the scientific connotation of the physical environment as a material system. From a dialectical materialistic point of view the physical character of geographical environment of the earth surface is the unity in diversity. It is on such grounds that the two basic characteristics were put forth by the author in his monograph 'Physical Structure of South American Geographical Environment' as the underlying theme. This holds true for the hierarchy of physical regions. For instance, the physical environment of the earth surface in unity behaves as a huge whole, yet, in differentiation into continents, it displays disparity; each continent differs from others and becomes an integrity in its own right. The same is true of regions of lower levels. In the case of generality and individuality of regional types and their constituent distributive areas in different continents, the same relationship exists among them. Owing to similar origin展开更多
Ignoring the generality in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications limits their benefits. Furthermore, the possibilities of future extension and adaptation are also restricted. In this paper, severa...Ignoring the generality in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications limits their benefits. Furthermore, the possibilities of future extension and adaptation are also restricted. In this paper, several methods to enhance the generality in WSNs are explained. We have further evaluated the suitability of these methods in centralized and de-centralized management scenarios.展开更多
Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects,this paper studies and discusses the generality of precurs...Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects,this paper studies and discusses the generality of precursor waves in well water levels before strong earthquakes. It is indicated that the precursor waves often happen before strong earthquakes,with the ratio of occurrence up to 65% ( 41 /63 ) ; the precursor waves have poor generality in different observation wells,which may be related to the different well-aquifer system of different observation wells and the different source parameters of earthquakes. Compared to the seismic water level fluctuations in a single well,the number of precursor wave times recorded in well water levels before strong earthquakes is slightly less than that of seismic water level fluctuations,with a ratio between 39. 7% and 50. 7%, respectively. The number of observation wells with precursor wave recordings before earthquakes accounts for up to 66. 7% of the total number of observation wells. The precursor wave in well water level records has a certain generality in terms of the number of times recorded and the spatial distribution,except for its manifestation characteristics.展开更多
This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2...This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2022.The large field of view,combined with the capability for multi-band photometric observations,enables the Mini-SiTian Array to perform rapid follow-up observations to identify optical counterparts of gravitational waves,capture the early light curves of tidal disruption events and supernovae,and monitor stellar flares,Be star outbursts,and cataclysmic variable stars,although its limiting magnitude is not very deep.By collaborating with the Xinglong2.16 m telescope and leveraging a real-time image processing pipeline,simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations could be performed to reveal their underlying physical mechanisms.The observational and research experience provides critical guidance for the implementation of the full-scale SiTian project in the future.展开更多
The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or...The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or hyperuricemia among US adults and to explore the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the associations.A total of 10,307 US adults were conducted to assess the associations of seven urinary hydroxy–PAH with SUA and hyperuricemia and evaluate the role of C-reactive protein(CRP),a biomarker of systemic inflammation,in such associations.Results showed that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed 2-hydroxynaphthalene(2-OHNa),1-hydroxyphenanthrene(1-OHPh),2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene(2&3-OHPh)and total hydroxyphenanthrene(OHPh)was associated with a 1.68(95%confidence interval(CI):0.19 to 3.17),2.46(0.78 to 4.13),3.34(1.59 to 5.09),and 2.99(1.23 to 4.75)μmol/L increase in SUA,and a 8%(odds ratio(OR):1.08,1.02 to 1.15),9%(OR:1.09,1.02 to 1.18),13%(OR:1.13,1.05 to 1.22),and 12%(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03,1.21)increase in hyperuricemia,respectively.Co-exposure of seven PAHs was positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia,with 2&3-OHPh showing the highest weight(components weights:0.83 and 0.78,respectively).The CRP mediated 11.47%and 10.44%of the associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with SUA and mediated 8.60%and 8.62%in associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,internal levels of PAH metabolites were associated with elevated SUA levels and the increased risk of hyperuricemia among US adults,and CRP played a mediating role in the associations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for ...BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.展开更多
Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN model...Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of H...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.展开更多
Authorial stance has attracted increasing attention in the study of second language writing. Many studies have focused on certainty in students’ academic writing, but little attention has been paid to generality in s...Authorial stance has attracted increasing attention in the study of second language writing. Many studies have focused on certainty in students’ academic writing, but little attention has been paid to generality in students’ academic stance. Employing a corpus-based approach, this study investigates features of generality in Chinese EFL students’ stance in academic writing through comparison with the writing of international scholars. Results show that the Chinese EFL students employed significantly more generalization markers than international scholars in their academic writing, while the international scholars used more qualified generalizations. Moreover, clear differences in the focus of generalization markers and in the distribution of qualified generalizations were found, though the two groups exhibit similar tendencies in the functions of these generalization features. The findings suggest that Chinese EFL students tend to generalize their claims to a larger scope in order to make their academic writing more persuasive, leaving an impression of exaggeration and overstatement, whereas international scholars are more likely to restrict the use of generality markers in their academic writing, making more circumscribed claims. The results have practical and pedagogical implications for second language academic writing instruction.展开更多
The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART),multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(MART),and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique(SIRT)are computational methodologies extensively utilized within ...The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART),multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(MART),and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique(SIRT)are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography(CIT)to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of the ionospheric morphology.However,reconstruction accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application,and people usually attribute this issue to incomplete and uneven coverage of the measurements.The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model(TIEGCM)offers a reasonable physics-based ionospheric background and is widely utilized in ionospheric research.We use the TIEGCM simulations as the targeted ionosphere because the current measurements are far from able to realistically reproduce the ionosphere in detail.Optimized designations of satellite measurements are conducted to investigate the limiting performance of CIT methods in ionospheric reconstruction.Similar to common practice,electron density distributions from outputs of the International Reference Ionosphere(IRI)model are used as the iterative initial value in CIT applications.The outcomes suggest that despite data coverage,iterative initial conditions also play an essential role in ionospheric reconstruction.In particular,in the longitudinal sectors where the iterative initial height of the F2-layer peak electron density(hmF2)differs substantially from the background densities,none of the three CIT methods can reproduce the exact background profile.When hmF2 is close but the ionospheric F2-layer peak density(NmF2)is different between the targeted background and initial conditions,the MART performs better than the ART and SIRT,as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of MART being above 0.97 and those of ART and SIRT being below 0.85.In summary,this investigation reveals the potential uncertainties in traditional CIT reconstruction,particularly when realistic hmF2 or NmF2 values differ substantially from the initial CIT conditions.展开更多
Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited t...Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.展开更多
Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As ...Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As an academic urologist,I had the opportunity to observe urology and general surgery residents in the operating room over several decades.展开更多
The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in...The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in over 90% counties than in the 2020 general election, but also won seven highly contested swing States with greater edges. This also marks the first time since 2004 that the Republican Party has won a relative majority of popular votes in the presidential election.展开更多
1.Opportunities for electric motor drives in the low-altitude economy The implementation plan for the innovative application of general aviation equipment(2024–2030)outlines that by 2027,new general aviation equipmen...1.Opportunities for electric motor drives in the low-altitude economy The implementation plan for the innovative application of general aviation equipment(2024–2030)outlines that by 2027,new general aviation equipment will achieve commercial applications in urban air transport,logistics distribution and emergency rescue.展开更多
The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurr...The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.展开更多
Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—a...Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—an incredible journey filled with numerous achievements.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new arena for human technological development,and one of the most concerning global governance issues at present.In recent years,breakthroughs in generative AI technologies have been ma...Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new arena for human technological development,and one of the most concerning global governance issues at present.In recent years,breakthroughs in generative AI technologies have been made,and the prospects of large-scale application of AI technologies have become ever brighter,bringing us closer to the artificial general intelligence(AGI)that can enable machines to think and act like humans.As a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,AI offers enormous opportunities to advance human society,yet it also introduces significant security risks and challenges.How to maximize the development potential of AI at the global level while establishing an effective international governance framework has become a focus of global concern.展开更多
Cancer is one of the most important health problems that deeply affects all humanity and will have groundbreaking consequences in human history with its elimination.Gastrointestinal cancers,including colon and rectum,...Cancer is one of the most important health problems that deeply affects all humanity and will have groundbreaking consequences in human history with its elimination.Gastrointestinal cancers,including colon and rectum,stomach,liver,pancreatic,and esophageal,account for 26%of the global cancer incidence and 35%of cancer-related deaths.Unfortunately,it is estimated that today’s high incidence and mortality rates will increase by 58%and 73%by 2040,respectively.Although the treatment process includes novel options such as immunotherapy in addition to classical options with a multidisciplinary approach,surgical treatment under general anesthesia remains the leading option.Considering a long-lasting cancer process,it is quite surprising that a very short-term anesthetic adminis-tration can have various effects on cancer cell behavior.Various anesthetic approaches such as regional blocks used in pain management,the use of ane-sthetic adjuvants such asβ-adrenoceptor antagonists,nonsteroidal anti-inflam-matory drugs,and intravenous lidocaine,and the choice of anesthetic drugs seem to have potential effects on long-term cancer outcomes.Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic drug that is used for both induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.Many in vitro and clinical studies examining the effects of propofol comparatively with other anesthetic agents on tumor recurrence and metastasis revealed possible effects on tumor cell signaling,the immune response,and the modulation of the neuroendocrine stress response.However,the evidence from all these in vitro and clinical studies is different,complicated,and inconsistent.The general effects of propofol on the behavioral patterns,growth,and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumor cells,as well as the clinical features and consequences resulting from these effects,constitute the subject of this review.展开更多
We demonstrate by three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of energy deposition into the envelope of a red supergiant model the inflation of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable envelope that forms a compact clumpy circums...We demonstrate by three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of energy deposition into the envelope of a red supergiant model the inflation of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable envelope that forms a compact clumpy circumstellar material(CSM).Our simulations mimic vigorous core activity years to months before a core-collapse supernova(CCSN)explosion that deposits energy to the outer envelope.The fierce core nuclear activity in the pre-CCSN explosion phase might excite waves that propagate to the envelope.The wave energy is dissipated where envelope convection cannot carry the energy.We deposit this energy into a shell in the outer envelope with a power of L_(wave)=2.6×10^(6)L■or L_(wave)=5.2×10^(5)L■for 0.32 yr.The energy-deposition shell expands while its pressure is higher than its surroundings,but its density is lower.Therefore,this expansion is Rayleigh–Taylor unstable and develops instability fingers.Most of the inflated envelope does not reach the escape velocity in the year of simulation but forms a compact and clumpy CSM.The high density of the inflated envelope implies that if a companion is present in that zone,it will accrete mass at a very high rate and power a pre-explosion outburst.展开更多
Holographic microscopy has emerged as a vital tool in biomedicine,enabling visualization of microscopic morphological features of tissues and cells in a label-free manner.Recently,deep learning(DL)-based image reconst...Holographic microscopy has emerged as a vital tool in biomedicine,enabling visualization of microscopic morphological features of tissues and cells in a label-free manner.Recently,deep learning(DL)-based image reconstruction models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in holographic image reconstruction.However,their utility in practice is still severely limited,as conventional training schemes could not properly handle out-of-distribution data.Here,we leverage backpropagation operation and reparameterization of the forward propagator to enable an adaptable image reconstruction model for histopathologic inspection.Only given with a training dataset of rectum tissue images captured from a single imaging configuration,our scheme consistently shows high reconstruction performance even with the input hologram of diverse tissue types at different pathological states captured under various imaging configurations.Using the proposed adaptation technique,we show that the diagnostic features of cancerous colorectal tissues,such as dirty necrosis,captured with 5×magnification and a numerical aperture(NA)of 0.1,can be reconstructed with high accuracy,whereas a given training dataset is strictly confined to normal rectum tissues acquired under the imaging configuration of 20×magnification and an NA of 0.4.Our results suggest that the DL-based image reconstruction approaches,with sophisticated adaptation techniques,could offer an extensively generalizable solution for inverse mapping problems in imaging.展开更多
文摘Integrity and disparity are two of the basic characteristics implied in the scientific connotation of the physical environment as a material system. From a dialectical materialistic point of view the physical character of geographical environment of the earth surface is the unity in diversity. It is on such grounds that the two basic characteristics were put forth by the author in his monograph 'Physical Structure of South American Geographical Environment' as the underlying theme. This holds true for the hierarchy of physical regions. For instance, the physical environment of the earth surface in unity behaves as a huge whole, yet, in differentiation into continents, it displays disparity; each continent differs from others and becomes an integrity in its own right. The same is true of regions of lower levels. In the case of generality and individuality of regional types and their constituent distributive areas in different continents, the same relationship exists among them. Owing to similar origin
文摘Ignoring the generality in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications limits their benefits. Furthermore, the possibilities of future extension and adaptation are also restricted. In this paper, several methods to enhance the generality in WSNs are explained. We have further evaluated the suitability of these methods in centralized and de-centralized management scenarios.
基金supported jointly by the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation (A08051)Shanxi provincial key scientific and technological project (2006031106)+1 种基金Shanxi provincial natural science foundation project (2011011027)the earthquake trend tracing for 2011 (2011011401)
文摘Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects,this paper studies and discusses the generality of precursor waves in well water levels before strong earthquakes. It is indicated that the precursor waves often happen before strong earthquakes,with the ratio of occurrence up to 65% ( 41 /63 ) ; the precursor waves have poor generality in different observation wells,which may be related to the different well-aquifer system of different observation wells and the different source parameters of earthquakes. Compared to the seismic water level fluctuations in a single well,the number of precursor wave times recorded in well water levels before strong earthquakes is slightly less than that of seismic water level fluctuations,with a ratio between 39. 7% and 50. 7%, respectively. The number of observation wells with precursor wave recordings before earthquakes accounts for up to 66. 7% of the total number of observation wells. The precursor wave in well water level records has a certain generality in terms of the number of times recorded and the spatial distribution,except for its manifestation characteristics.
基金supported by the National Key Basic R&D Program of China via 2023YFA1608303the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0550103)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant Nos.XDB0550000,XDB0550100 and XDB0550102)supported from the Strategic Pioneer Program of the Astronomy Large-Scale Scientific Facility,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Science and Education Integration Funding of University of Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCgrant Nos.12090040,12090041,12090041,12422303,12261141690,and 12403022)。
文摘This paper outlines the scientific goals and observational strategies of the Mini-SiTian Array.Mounted at Xinglong Observatory,the Mini-SiTian Array consists of three 30 cm telescopes and has been in operation since 2022.The large field of view,combined with the capability for multi-band photometric observations,enables the Mini-SiTian Array to perform rapid follow-up observations to identify optical counterparts of gravitational waves,capture the early light curves of tidal disruption events and supernovae,and monitor stellar flares,Be star outbursts,and cataclysmic variable stars,although its limiting magnitude is not very deep.By collaborating with the Xinglong2.16 m telescope and leveraging a real-time image processing pipeline,simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations could be performed to reveal their underlying physical mechanisms.The observational and research experience provides critical guidance for the implementation of the full-scale SiTian project in the future.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82241088)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB813).
文摘The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)exposure with serum uric acid(SUA)or hyperuricemia have been rarely assessed.We aimed to investigate the relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and SUA or hyperuricemia among US adults and to explore the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the associations.A total of 10,307 US adults were conducted to assess the associations of seven urinary hydroxy–PAH with SUA and hyperuricemia and evaluate the role of C-reactive protein(CRP),a biomarker of systemic inflammation,in such associations.Results showed that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed 2-hydroxynaphthalene(2-OHNa),1-hydroxyphenanthrene(1-OHPh),2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene(2&3-OHPh)and total hydroxyphenanthrene(OHPh)was associated with a 1.68(95%confidence interval(CI):0.19 to 3.17),2.46(0.78 to 4.13),3.34(1.59 to 5.09),and 2.99(1.23 to 4.75)μmol/L increase in SUA,and a 8%(odds ratio(OR):1.08,1.02 to 1.15),9%(OR:1.09,1.02 to 1.18),13%(OR:1.13,1.05 to 1.22),and 12%(OR:1.12,95%CI:1.03,1.21)increase in hyperuricemia,respectively.Co-exposure of seven PAHs was positively associated with SUA and hyperuricemia,with 2&3-OHPh showing the highest weight(components weights:0.83 and 0.78,respectively).The CRP mediated 11.47%and 10.44%of the associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with SUA and mediated 8.60%and 8.62%in associations ofΣOHPh and 2&3-OHPh with hyperuricemia,respectively.In conclusion,internal levels of PAH metabolites were associated with elevated SUA levels and the increased risk of hyperuricemia among US adults,and CRP played a mediating role in the associations.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,very few studies have examined the analgesic effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.METHODS In this retrospective study,94 patients scheduled for laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia,admitted to Yiwu Central Hospital between May 2022 and May 2023,were divided into a control group(inhalation combined general anesthesia)and a treatment group(dexmedetomidine-assisted intrave-nous-inhalation combined general anesthesia).Perioperative indicators,analgesic effect,preoperative and postoperative 24-hours blood pressure(BP)and heart rate(HR),stress indicators,immune function levels,and adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups.RESULTS Baseline data,including age,hernia location,place of residence,weight,monthly income,education level,and underlying diseases,were not significantly different between the two groups,indicating comparability(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in operation time and anesthesia time between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the treatment group exhibited a shorter postoperative urinary catheter removal time and hospital stay than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperatively,no significant differences were found in the visual analog scale(VAS)scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,at 12,18,and 24 hours postoper-atively,the treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group(P<0.05).Although no significant differences in preoperative hemodynamic indicators were found between the two groups(P>0.05),both groups experienced some extent of changes in postoperative HR,diastolic BP(DBP),and systolic BP(SBP).Nevertheless,the treatment group showed smaller changes in HR,DBP,and SBP than the control group(P<0.05).Preoperative immune function indicators showed no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,postoperatively,the treatment group demonstrated higher levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+and lower levels of CD8+than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of adverse reactions were 6.38%and 23.40%in the treatment and control groups,respectively,revealing a significant difference(χ2=5.371,P=0.020).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine-assisted intravenous-inhalation combined general anesthesia can promote early recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia.It ensures stable blood flow,improves postoperative analgesic effects,reduces postoperative pain intensity,alleviates stress response,improves immune function,facilitates anesthesia recovery,and enhances safety.
基金funded by Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology Sydney.Moreover,Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-14)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,under Project ORF-2025-。
文摘Face liveness detection is essential for securing biometric authentication systems against spoofing attacks,including printed photos,replay videos,and 3D masks.This study systematically evaluates pre-trained CNN models—DenseNet201,VGG16,InceptionV3,ResNet50,VGG19,MobileNetV2,Xception,and InceptionResNetV2—leveraging transfer learning and fine-tuning to enhance liveness detection performance.The models were trained and tested on NUAA and Replay-Attack datasets,with cross-dataset generalization validated on SiW-MV2 to assess real-world adaptability.Performance was evaluated using accuracy,precision,recall,FAR,FRR,HTER,and specialized spoof detection metrics(APCER,NPCER,ACER).Fine-tuning significantly improved detection accuracy,with DenseNet201 achieving the highest performance(98.5%on NUAA,97.71%on Replay-Attack),while MobileNetV2 proved the most efficient model for real-time applications(latency:15 ms,memory usage:45 MB,energy consumption:30 mJ).A statistical significance analysis(paired t-tests,confidence intervals)validated these improvements.Cross-dataset experiments identified DenseNet201 and MobileNetV2 as the most generalizable architectures,with DenseNet201 achieving 86.4%accuracy on Replay-Attack when trained on NUAA,demonstrating robust feature extraction and adaptability.In contrast,ResNet50 showed lower generalization capabilities,struggling with dataset variability and complex spoofing attacks.These findings suggest that MobileNetV2 is well-suited for low-power applications,while DenseNet201 is ideal for high-security environments requiring superior accuracy.This research provides a framework for improving real-time face liveness detection,enhancing biometric security,and guiding future advancements in AI-driven anti-spoofing techniques.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an invasive endoscopic procedure used mainly to treat hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB)diseases.The need for ERCP has increased with the rising number of HPB diseases over the past decade.Thus,due to increased demand,ERCP is performed at more centers.Currently,it is performed by general surgeons,gastroenterology and invasive radiology specialists in the United States and Europe as recommended by the British Society of Gastroenterology(BSG).AIM To present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers in Türkiye.METHODS Fourteen surgical centers performing ERCP were included in the present study.The age,gender,ERCP indication,success status,post-ERCP complications,ERCP reports and the files of 66993 patients who underwent ERCP were collected from the participating centers.The results are discussed according to the targets declared by the BSG,which are volume load per annum,proportion of successful cannulation(>85%),bile duct clearance rate(>75%),stenting rate for strictures(>80%)and complications(<6%).RESULTS A total of 66993 ERCP procedures were performed in the centers included in the study up to August 2024.29250(43.6%)of the procedures were performed urgently,especially for suppurative cholangitis,biliary tract injuries,etc.The remaining 37743(56.4%)cases were performed electively.50.2%of the patients were female and 49.8%were male.The average ages were 56.5 years for women and 55.9 years for men.General anesthesia was used in 84.1%of the patients while sedation was used in 15.9%.The indications were bile duct stone(78.7%),pancreatic tumor(3.9%),papillary tumor(3.3%),cholangiocarcinoma(2.6%),Oddi sphincter dysfunction(2.4%),bile leakage after cholecystectomy(2%),bile leakage after hydatid cyst surgery(1.9%),biliary stricture(1.7%),and other diseases(3.1%).Hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis were the most common complications as observed in 8.1%of the patients.They were usually self-limited and responded to supportive measures.The frequency of the other complications was also consistent with the literature.CONCLUSION There is a huge shortage of ERCP endoscopists worldwide due to insufficient ERCP training and centers especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.As patients requiring ERCP usually present to surgical practitioners,the incorporation of surgeons into this training program is an effective and reliable solution.The BSG recommends the incorporation of surgeons and radiologists in addition to gastroenterology specialists.This study is the first to present the results of ERCP procedures from fourteen surgical centers throughout Türkiye.The results suggest that the surgical centers included were able to achieve the targets set by the BSG.This study demonstrated that the surgical ERCP units in the present work have reached satisfactory results and provided a reliable and successful ERCP service.There are currently no issues regarding the validity and appropriateness of the surgeons performing ERCP.Therefore,ERCP training should be encouraged in surgeons and more surgical ERCP centers should be provided.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.19BYY229)
文摘Authorial stance has attracted increasing attention in the study of second language writing. Many studies have focused on certainty in students’ academic writing, but little attention has been paid to generality in students’ academic stance. Employing a corpus-based approach, this study investigates features of generality in Chinese EFL students’ stance in academic writing through comparison with the writing of international scholars. Results show that the Chinese EFL students employed significantly more generalization markers than international scholars in their academic writing, while the international scholars used more qualified generalizations. Moreover, clear differences in the focus of generalization markers and in the distribution of qualified generalizations were found, though the two groups exhibit similar tendencies in the functions of these generalization features. The findings suggest that Chinese EFL students tend to generalize their claims to a larger scope in order to make their academic writing more persuasive, leaving an impression of exaggeration and overstatement, whereas international scholars are more likely to restrict the use of generality markers in their academic writing, making more circumscribed claims. The results have practical and pedagogical implications for second language academic writing instruction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0503702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42074186)
文摘The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART),multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(MART),and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique(SIRT)are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography(CIT)to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of the ionospheric morphology.However,reconstruction accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application,and people usually attribute this issue to incomplete and uneven coverage of the measurements.The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model(TIEGCM)offers a reasonable physics-based ionospheric background and is widely utilized in ionospheric research.We use the TIEGCM simulations as the targeted ionosphere because the current measurements are far from able to realistically reproduce the ionosphere in detail.Optimized designations of satellite measurements are conducted to investigate the limiting performance of CIT methods in ionospheric reconstruction.Similar to common practice,electron density distributions from outputs of the International Reference Ionosphere(IRI)model are used as the iterative initial value in CIT applications.The outcomes suggest that despite data coverage,iterative initial conditions also play an essential role in ionospheric reconstruction.In particular,in the longitudinal sectors where the iterative initial height of the F2-layer peak electron density(hmF2)differs substantially from the background densities,none of the three CIT methods can reproduce the exact background profile.When hmF2 is close but the ionospheric F2-layer peak density(NmF2)is different between the targeted background and initial conditions,the MART performs better than the ART and SIRT,as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of MART being above 0.97 and those of ART and SIRT being below 0.85.In summary,this investigation reveals the potential uncertainties in traditional CIT reconstruction,particularly when realistic hmF2 or NmF2 values differ substantially from the initial CIT conditions.
文摘Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.
文摘Perhaps the greatest compliment that an attending surgeon can bestow on a resident in training,is to comment,“He/she has good hands.”However,what defines good hands?What parameters are used to make that judgment?As an academic urologist,I had the opportunity to observe urology and general surgery residents in the operating room over several decades.
文摘The US 2024 general election ended with the Republican Party winning the presidential, House and Senate elections at the same time. In the presidential election, the Republican Party not only won more popular votes in over 90% counties than in the 2020 general election, but also won seven highly contested swing States with greater edges. This also marks the first time since 2004 that the Republican Party has won a relative majority of popular votes in the presidential election.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52407064)。
文摘1.Opportunities for electric motor drives in the low-altitude economy The implementation plan for the innovative application of general aviation equipment(2024–2030)outlines that by 2027,new general aviation equipment will achieve commercial applications in urban air transport,logistics distribution and emergency rescue.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QH144).
文摘The phenomenon of fear memory generalization can be defined as the expansion of an individual's originally specific fear responses to a similar yet genuinely harmless stimulus or situation subsequent to the occurrence of a traumatic event[1].Fear generalization within the normal range represents an adaptive evolutionary mechanism to facilitate prompt reactions to potential threats and to enhance the likelihood of survival.
文摘Mingalarpar!On behalf of the Consulate-General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Nanning,I would like to express my sincerest congratulations to CAEXPO on reaching the remarkable milestone of over 20 years—an incredible journey filled with numerous achievements.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new arena for human technological development,and one of the most concerning global governance issues at present.In recent years,breakthroughs in generative AI technologies have been made,and the prospects of large-scale application of AI technologies have become ever brighter,bringing us closer to the artificial general intelligence(AGI)that can enable machines to think and act like humans.As a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,AI offers enormous opportunities to advance human society,yet it also introduces significant security risks and challenges.How to maximize the development potential of AI at the global level while establishing an effective international governance framework has become a focus of global concern.
文摘Cancer is one of the most important health problems that deeply affects all humanity and will have groundbreaking consequences in human history with its elimination.Gastrointestinal cancers,including colon and rectum,stomach,liver,pancreatic,and esophageal,account for 26%of the global cancer incidence and 35%of cancer-related deaths.Unfortunately,it is estimated that today’s high incidence and mortality rates will increase by 58%and 73%by 2040,respectively.Although the treatment process includes novel options such as immunotherapy in addition to classical options with a multidisciplinary approach,surgical treatment under general anesthesia remains the leading option.Considering a long-lasting cancer process,it is quite surprising that a very short-term anesthetic adminis-tration can have various effects on cancer cell behavior.Various anesthetic approaches such as regional blocks used in pain management,the use of ane-sthetic adjuvants such asβ-adrenoceptor antagonists,nonsteroidal anti-inflam-matory drugs,and intravenous lidocaine,and the choice of anesthetic drugs seem to have potential effects on long-term cancer outcomes.Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic drug that is used for both induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.Many in vitro and clinical studies examining the effects of propofol comparatively with other anesthetic agents on tumor recurrence and metastasis revealed possible effects on tumor cell signaling,the immune response,and the modulation of the neuroendocrine stress response.However,the evidence from all these in vitro and clinical studies is different,complicated,and inconsistent.The general effects of propofol on the behavioral patterns,growth,and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumor cells,as well as the clinical features and consequences resulting from these effects,constitute the subject of this review.
基金A grant from the Pazy Foundation supported this research。
文摘We demonstrate by three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of energy deposition into the envelope of a red supergiant model the inflation of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable envelope that forms a compact clumpy circumstellar material(CSM).Our simulations mimic vigorous core activity years to months before a core-collapse supernova(CCSN)explosion that deposits energy to the outer envelope.The fierce core nuclear activity in the pre-CCSN explosion phase might excite waves that propagate to the envelope.The wave energy is dissipated where envelope convection cannot carry the energy.We deposit this energy into a shell in the outer envelope with a power of L_(wave)=2.6×10^(6)L■or L_(wave)=5.2×10^(5)L■for 0.32 yr.The energy-deposition shell expands while its pressure is higher than its surroundings,but its density is lower.Therefore,this expansion is Rayleigh–Taylor unstable and develops instability fingers.Most of the inflated envelope does not reach the escape velocity in the year of simulation but forms a compact and clumpy CSM.The high density of the inflated envelope implies that if a companion is present in that zone,it will accrete mass at a very high rate and power a pre-explosion outburst.
基金supported by the Samsung Research Funding and Incubation Center of Samsung Electronics(Grant No.SRFC-IT2002-03)the Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.IO220908-02403-01)+2 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant Nos.NRF-RS-2021-NR060086 and NRF-RS-2023-00251628)the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No RS-2024-00397673)the KAIST-CERAGEM Next Generation Healthcare Research Center.
文摘Holographic microscopy has emerged as a vital tool in biomedicine,enabling visualization of microscopic morphological features of tissues and cells in a label-free manner.Recently,deep learning(DL)-based image reconstruction models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in holographic image reconstruction.However,their utility in practice is still severely limited,as conventional training schemes could not properly handle out-of-distribution data.Here,we leverage backpropagation operation and reparameterization of the forward propagator to enable an adaptable image reconstruction model for histopathologic inspection.Only given with a training dataset of rectum tissue images captured from a single imaging configuration,our scheme consistently shows high reconstruction performance even with the input hologram of diverse tissue types at different pathological states captured under various imaging configurations.Using the proposed adaptation technique,we show that the diagnostic features of cancerous colorectal tissues,such as dirty necrosis,captured with 5×magnification and a numerical aperture(NA)of 0.1,can be reconstructed with high accuracy,whereas a given training dataset is strictly confined to normal rectum tissues acquired under the imaging configuration of 20×magnification and an NA of 0.4.Our results suggest that the DL-based image reconstruction approaches,with sophisticated adaptation techniques,could offer an extensively generalizable solution for inverse mapping problems in imaging.
